scholarly journals An Overview of the Classification, Production and Utilization of Biofuels for Internal Combustion Engine Applications

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5687
Author(s):  
Omojola Awogbemi ◽  
Daramy Vandi Von Kallon ◽  
Emmanuel Idoko Onuh ◽  
Victor Sunday Aigbodion
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Transportation Applications

Biofuel, a cost-effective, safe, and environmentally benign fuel produced from renewable sources, has been accepted as a sustainable replacement and a panacea for the damaging effects of the exploration for and consumption of fossil-based fuels. The current work examines the classification, generation, and utilization of biofuels, particularly in internal combustion engine (ICE) applications. Biofuels are classified according to their physical state, technology maturity, the generation of feedstock, and the generation of products. The methods of production and the advantages of the application of biogas, bioalcohol, and hydrogen in spark ignition engines, as well as biodiesel, Fischer–Tropsch fuel, and dimethyl ether in compression ignition engines, in terms of engine performance and emission are highlighted. The generation of biofuels from waste helps in waste minimization, proper waste disposal, and sanitation. The utilization of biofuels in ICEs improves engine performance and mitigates the emission of poisonous gases. There is a need for appropriate policy frameworks to promote commercial production and seamless deployment of these biofuels for transportation applications with a view to guaranteeing energy security.

scholarly journals Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fed with Butanol–Glycerol Blend

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6473
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Szwaja ◽  
Michal Gruca ◽  
Michal Pyrc ◽  
Romualdas Juknelevičius
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure

Investigation of a new type of fuel for the internal combustion engine, which can be successfully used in both the power generation and the automotive industries, is presented in this article. The proposed fuel is a blend of 75% n-butanol and 25% glycerol. The engine tests conducted with this glycerol–butanol blend were focused on the performance, combustion thermodynamics, and exhaust emissions of a spark-ignition engine. A comparative analysis was performed to find potential similarities and differences in the engine fueled with gasoline 95 and the proposed glycerol–butanol blend. As measured, CO exhaust emissions increased, NOx emissions decreased, and UHC emissions were unchanged for the glycerol–butanol blend when compared to the test with sole gasoline. As regards the engine performance and combustion progress, no significant differences were observed. Exhaust temperature remarkably decreased by 3.4%, which contributed to an increase in the indicated mean effective pressure by approximately 4% compared to gasoline 95. To summarize, the proposed glycerol–butanol blend can be directly used as a replacement for gasoline in internal combustion spark-ignition engines.

Development of a Computer Controlled Valve System for an Internal Combustion Engine

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sullivan ◽  
Harry Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
State University ◽  
Senior Design ◽  
Operational Issues ◽  
Exhaust Valves

A newly emerging method of improving gas mileage and emissions from spark ignition engines is by computer control of the operation of the engine intake and exhaust valves. By controlling valve timing and duration the elimination of the throttle, a source of pumping loses can be minimized. One system is now in production by BMW, which uses a mechanism that varies the rocker arm ratio to vary the intake valve’s lift. As part of two Senior Design Projects a spark ignition internal combustion engine was modified at Minnesota State University, Mankato, to allow computer control of the engine’s valves. These projects worked at replacing the mechanically operated intake and exhaust valves with pneumatically operated valves controlled by computer in the form of a Programmable Logic Controller. The valves controlled by the solenoids switched compressed air to pneumatic cylinders that operate the existing poppet intake and exhaust valves on the engine. This paper will present the background, operational issues, and the initial results of the project.

Engine Enhancement Using Enriched Oxygen Inlet

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Singh P. Shivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Fuel Tank ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Oxygen Percentage

An internal combustion engine essentially requires a fuel which must have sufficient calorific value to produce enough power, and oxygen for the combustion of fuel. In normal vehicles fuel will be supplied from a fuel tank equipped with it. And oxygen will be taken from the atmospheric itself. Under normal conditions the percentage of oxygen present in atmospheric air will be around 21% of the total volume. Studies shows that by increasing the oxygen percentage in the inlet air increases engine performance and reduces emission produced by the engine.

Effects of Compression Ratio on Performance and Emission of Internal Combustion Engine with Used Vegetable Oil Methyl Easter

2013 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 250-254
Author(s):  
N. Balakrishnan ◽  
K. Mayilsamy ◽  
N. Nedunchezhian
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Used Vegetable Oil

Biomass derived vegetable oil is a promising alternative fuel for an internal combustion engine. Direct use of vegetable oil has inferior performance with higher emission due to its higher viscous in nature. This can be overcome by transesterification process with its byproduct which is called as used vegetable oil methyl ester. While blending this biodiesel with fossil diesel upto maximum of 30:70, will give the higher performance and lower emission than the fossil diesel alone. In this present study biodiesel in the form of B23 is used in a four stroke water cooled variable compression ratio engine without any modifications. The performance and emission characteristics are studied with different compression ratio and compared with a base line fossil diesel mode operation. This study reveals that the compression ratio of 18 is the optimum in the view of ignition delay, maximum pressure crank angle, exhaust gas temperature and Smoke emission.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effect of Air Capacitor Turbocharging Single Cylinder Engines on Fuel Economy and Emissions Through Modeling and Experimentation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Buchman ◽  
W. Brett Johnson ◽  
Amos G. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Power Gain ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Intake Stroke

Turbocharging can provide a cost effective means for increasing the power output and fuel economy of an internal combustion engine. A turbocharger added to an internal combustion engine consists of a coupled turbine and compressor. Currently, turbocharging is common in multi-cylinder engines, but it is not commonly used on single-cylinder engines due to the phase mismatch between the exhaust stroke (when the turbocharger is powered) and the intake stroke (when the engine intakes the compressed air). The proposed method adds an air capacitor, an additional volume in series with the intake manifold, between the turbocharger compressor and the engine intake, to buffer the output from the turbocharger compressor and deliver pressurized air during the intake stroke. This research builds on previous work where it was shown experimentally that a power gain of 29% was achievable and that analytically a power gain of 40–60% was possible using a turbocharger and air capacitor system. The goal of this study is to further analyze the commercial viability of this technology by analyzing the effect of air capacitor turbocharging on emissions, fuel economy, and power density. An experiment was built and conducted that looked at how air capacitor sizing affected emissions, fuel economy, and the equivalence ratio. The experimental data was then used to calibrate a computational model built in Ricardo Wave. Finally this model was used to evaluate strategies to further improve the performance of a single cylinder diesel turbocharged engine with an air capacitor.

scholarly journals Effect of Gas Mixture Composition on the Parameters of an Internal Combustion Engine

10.14311/1540 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Chríbik ◽  
Marián Polóni ◽  
Ján Lach
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with the use of the internal combustion piston engine, which is a drive unit for micro-cogeneration units. The introduction is a brief statement of the nature of gas mixture compositions that are useful for the purposes of combustion engines, together with the basic physical and chemical properties relevant to the burning of this gas mixture. Specifically, we will discuss low-energy gases (syngases) and mixtures of natural gas with hydrogen. The second section describes the conversion of the Lombardini LGW 702 combustion engine that is necessary for these types of combustion gases. Before the experimental measurements, a simulation in the Lotus Engine simulation program was carried out to make a preliminary assessment of the impact on the performance of an internal combustion engine. The last section of the paper presents the experimental results of partial measurements of the performance and emission parameters of an internal combustion engine powered by alternative fuels.

scholarly journals Crude palm oil as a complementary fuel for power generation in Amazonia: diesel engine performance, emissions, and economic assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e43882
Author(s):  
Omar Seye ◽  
Rubem Cesar Rodrigues Souza ◽  
Ramon Eduardo Pereira Silva ◽  
Robson Leal da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Diesel Cycle

This paper evaluates internal combustion engine performance parameters (Specific Fuel Consumption and engine torque) and pollutant emissions (O2, CO, and NOX), and also, provide an assessment of economic viability for operation in Amazonas state. Power supply to the communities in the Amazon region has as characteristics high costs for energy generation and low fare. Extractive activities include plenty of oily plant species, with potential use as biofuel for ICE (Diesel cycle) to obtain power generation together with pollutant emission reduction in comparison to fossil fuel. Experimental tests were carried out with five fuel blends (crude palm oil) and diesel, at constant angular speed (2,500 RPM – stationary regime), and four nominal engine loads (0%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) in a test bench dynamometer for an engine-driven generator for electrical-power, 4-Stroke internal combustion engine, Diesel cycle. Main conclusions are: a) SFC and torque are at the same order of magnitude for PO-00 (diesel) and PO-xx at BHP50/75/100%; b) O2 emissions show consistent decreasing behavior as BHP increases, compatible to a rich air-fuel ratio (λ > 1) and, at the same BHP condition, O2 (%) is slightly lower for higher PO-xx content; c) The CO emissions for PO-00 consistently decrease while the BHP increases, as for PO-xx those values present a non-linear behavior; at BHP75%-100_loads, CO emissions are higher for PO-20 and PO-25 in comparison to PO-00; d) The overall trend for NOX emissions is to increase, the higher the BHP; In general, NOx emissions are lower for PO-xx in comparison to PO-00, except for PO-10 which presents slightly higher values than PO-00 for all BHP range; e) Assessment on-trend costs indicates that using palm oil blends for Diesel engine-driven generators in the Amazon region is economically feasible, with an appropriate recommendation for a rated power higher than 800 kW.

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