scholarly journals Comparison of Baseline Load Forecasting Methodologies for Active and Reactive Power Demand

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7533
Author(s):  
Edgar Segovia ◽  
Vladimir Vukovic ◽  
Tommaso Bragatto
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
Electrical Grids ◽  
Short Time

Forecasting the electricity consumption is an essential activity to keep the grid stable and avoid problems in the devices connected to the grid. Equaling consumption to electricity production is crucial in the electricity market. The grids worldwide use different methodologies to predict the demand, in order to keep the grid stable, but is there any difference between making a short time prediction of active power and reactive power into the grid? The current paper analyzes the most usual forecasting algorithms used in the electrical grids: ‘X of Y’, weighted average, comparable day, and regression. The subjects of the study were 36 different buildings in Terni, Italy. The data supplied for Terni buildings was split into active and reactive power demand to the grid. The presented approach gives the possibility to apply the forecasting algorithm in order to predict the active and reactive power and then compare the discrepancy (error) associated with forecasting methodologies. In this paper, we compare the forecasting methodologies using MAPE and CVRMSE. All the algorithms show clear differences between the reactive and active power baseline accuracy. ‘Addition X of Y middle’ and ‘Addition Weighted average’ better follow the pattern of the reactive power demand (the prediction CVRMSE error is between 12.56% and 13.19%) while ‘Multiplication X of Y high’ and ‘Multiplication X of Y middle’ better predict the active power demand (the prediction CVRMSE error is between 12.90% and 15.08%).

scholarly journals OPTIMAL LOCATION OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM TO IMPROVE THE VOLTAGE PROFILE CONSIDERING THE ACTIVE AND REACTIVE POWER LIMITATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 108-129
Author(s):  
H MALEKI HASAN ABADI ◽  
H DASHTI
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Pv Inverter ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
Micro Grids

This paper has investigated the optimal localization of photovoltaic systems as one of the distributed generations in micro-grids, with regard to active and reactive power. Micro-grids provide the power quality in accordance with customers' needs, positive effects of micro-grids on the electricity market and economic savings. On the other hand, their effects on reducing air pollution have caused many researchers and experts to notice the issue of micro-grids. So, considering the ability of active and reactive power generation for photovoltaic systems in 24 hours, they can be used more efficiently. The algorithms presented on 33 bus micro-grid are applied in MATLAB, and the results have been investigated. The results have shown that the generated reactive power would significantly reduce the active power of system losses. At 9 AM, considering the PV inverter capability for generating the active and reactive power, voltage profile of the system has improved more effectively. At 12 PM, there are existed the maximum radiation and active power generated, and the whole capacity of the inverter is used to generate the active power. The PV reactive power generated has led to the improvement of the voltage profile.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT AND ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS ION FROM WATER USING POROUS NANO-ADSORBENTS BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION METHOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 228-238
Author(s):  
B. ORDOUEE ◽  
H. HASHEMINEZHAD
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Distributed Generations ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Pv Inverter ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
Micro Grids

This paper has investigated the optimal localization of photovoltaic systems as one of the distributed generations in micro-grids, with regard to active and reactive power. Micro-grids provide the power quality in accordance with customers' needs, positive effects of micro-grids on the electricity market and economic savings. On the other hand, their effects on reducing air pollution have caused many researchers and experts to notice the issue of micro-grids. So, considering the ability of active and reactive power generation for photovoltaic systems in 24 hours, they can be used more efficiently. The algorithms presented on 33 bus micro-grid are applied in MATLAB, and the results have been investigated. The results have shown that the generated reactive power would significantly reduce the active power of system losses. At 9 AM, considering the PV inverter capability for generating the active and reactive power, voltage profile of the system has improved more effectively. At 12 PM, there are existed the maximum radiation and active power generated, and the whole capacity of the inverter is used to generate the active power. The PV reactive power generated has led to the improvement of the voltage profile.

scholarly journals Optimal Sizing and Placement of Capacitor Banks in Distribution Networks Using a Genetic Algorithm

Electricity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
Gian Giuseppe Soma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Capacitor Banks ◽  
Control Pattern ◽  
Definition Of

Nowadays, response to electricity consumption growth is mainly supported by efficiency; therefore, this is the new main goal in the development of electric distribution networks, which must fully comply with the system’s constraints. In recent decades, the issue of independent reactive power services, including the optimal placement of capacitors in the grid due to the restructuring of the electricity industry and the creation of a competitive electricity market, has received attention from related companies. In this context, a genetic algorithm is proposed for optimal planning of capacitor banks. A case study derived from a real network, considering the application of suitable daily profiles for loads and generators, to obtain a better representation of the electrical conditions, is discussed in the present paper. The results confirmed that some placement solutions can be obtained with a good compromise between costs and benefits; the adopted benefits are energy losses and power factor infringements, taking into account the network technical limits. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for optimal placement and sizing of capacitor banks in distribution systems, with the definition of a suitable control pattern, have been proved.

scholarly journals Optimal P-Q Control of Grid-Connected Inverters in a Microgrid Based on Adaptive Population Extremal Optimization

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Rong Chen ◽  
Huan Wang ◽  
Guo-Qiang Zeng ◽  
Yu-Xing Dai ◽  
Da-Qiang Bi
Keyword(s):  
Constrained Optimization ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Adaptive Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Constrained Optimization Problem ◽  
Extremal Optimization ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Grid Connected Inverter

The optimal P-Q control issue of the active and reactive power for a microgrid in the grid-connected mode has attracted increasing interests recently. In this paper, an optimal active and reactive power control is developed for a three-phase grid-connected inverter in a microgrid by using an adaptive population-based extremal optimization algorithm (APEO). Firstly, the optimal P-Q control issue of grid-connected inverters in a microgrid is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, where six parameters of three decoupled PI controllers are real-coded as the decision variables, and the integral time absolute error (ITAE) between the output and referenced active power and the ITAE between the output and referenced reactive power are weighted as the objective function. Then, an effective and efficient APEO algorithm with an adaptive mutation operation is proposed for solving this constrained optimization problem. The simulation and experiments for a 3kW three-phase grid-connected inverter under both nominal and variable reference active power values have shown that the proposed APEO-based P-Q control method outperforms the traditional Z-N empirical method, the adaptive genetic algorithm-based, and particle swarm optimization-based P-Q control methods.

scholarly journals A Novel Algorithm for Controlling Active and Reactive Power Flows of Electric Vehicles in Buildings and Its Impact on the Distribution Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Ziad El-Bayeh ◽  
Khaled Alzaareer ◽  
Brahim Brahmi ◽  
Mohamed Zellagui
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Optimization Algorithms ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Active And Reactive Power ◽  
Electricity Bill

In the literature, many optimization algorithms were developed to control electrical loads, especially Electric Vehicles (EVs) in buildings. Despite the success of the existing algorithms in improving the power profile of charging EVs and reducing the total electricity bill of the end-users, these algorithms didn’t show significant contribution in improving the voltage profile on the network, especially with the existence of highly inductive loads. The control of the active power may not be sufficient to regulate the voltage, even if sophisticated optimization algorithms and control strategies are used. To fill the gap in the literature, we propose a new algorithm that is able to control both the active and reactive power flows using electric vehicles in buildings and homes. The algorithm is composed of two parts; the first part uses optimization to control the active power and minimize the electricity bill, while the second part controls the reactive power using the bidirectional converter in the EV in a way that the voltage profile on the distribution transformer respects its limits. The new approach is validated through a comparative study of four different scenarios, (i) without EV, (ii) with EV using uncoordinated charging, (iii) with EV using coordinated charging, (iv) with EV using our proposed algorithm. Results show that our algorithm has maintained the voltage within the recommended limits, and it has minimized the peak load, the electricity cost, and the techno-economic losses on the network.

scholarly journals MODEL OF EVALUATION THE FEASIBILITY OF INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS TO HOURLY ACCOUNTING OF RETAIL ELECTRICITY MARKET

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
I. Blinov ◽  
E. Parus ◽  
V. Miroshnyk ◽  
P. Shymaniuk ◽  
V. Sychova
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Load Schedule ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Daily Load ◽  
Final Consumer

The main differences in pricing and tariffing for industrial consumers of electricity with different forms of electricity metering are considered. Based on the analysis of tariff formation for the final consumer of electricity, components are identified that have a significant impact on the results of solving the problem of assessing the feasibility of the consumer's transition to hourly electricity metering. Such components include the cost of purchasing electricity in the market segment "day ahead" and the cost of accrued imbalances. The relative daily profile of electricity consumption is considered in order to study the influence of the features of the daily load schedule on the weighted average daily market price of electricity. The importance of estimating the cost of daily load profiles when comparing the cost of electricity for the consumer in the group with integrated electricity metering and in terms of individual hourly metering is substantiated. The effect of underestimation of volumes and value of imbalances in the group with integrated electricity metering in comparison with hourly accruals of volumes and value of imbalances is theoretically substantiated. The main components for comparative assessment of the expediency of the consumer's exit from the group with integrated metering of electricity and the transition to its hourly metering according to the individual daily load schedule are identified. Mathematical models for comparative calculations are developed. The use of these models allows to make an economically justified decision on the expediency of the consumer leaving the group without hourly metering of electricity to the model of purchasing electricity with hourly metering. The main approaches to such an assessment are demonstrated on the example of calculations for an industrial enterprise in some regions of Ukraine. Bibl. 15, fig. 3.

Active Power Control of Grid Tied SPV System with DSTATCOM Capabilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikhlaq Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Least Mean Square ◽  
Active Power Control

AbstractThis paper presents an active power control of SPV (Solar Photovoltaic) grid tied system with the DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) capabilities using recursive least square (RLS) control algorithm with IC (Incremental Conductance) maximum power point tracking. The system serves dual purpose of working as a SPV-DSTATCOM and DSTATCOM in presence and absence of solar power, respectively. The SPV-DSTACOM provides compensating currents along with active current component thus fulfilling active power demand of connected load and feeds active power to the grid along with improving the power quality. Moreover, when the solar power is not available during night or low solar irradiation conditions, the system works as a DSTATCOM providing compensating current which improves the power quality of the system during load unbalance, harmonics and reactive power. A RLS based adaptive algorithm is used to do these functions at good convergence than conventional LMS (Least Mean Square) algorithm. Thus, the proposed system is capable to meet peak power demand when the solar energy is available and it improves the system power quality during day and night. The system responses under varying conditions is demonstrated on s developed prototype.

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