scholarly journals Efficient Shading Device as an Important Part of Daylightophil Architecture; a Designerly Framework of High-Performance Architecture for an Office Building in Tehran

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8272
Author(s):  
Hassan Bazazzadeh ◽  
Barbara Świt-Jankowska ◽  
Nasim Fazeli ◽  
Adam Nadolny ◽  
Behnaz Safar ali najar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Shading Devices ◽  
Shading Device

(1) Background: considering multiple, and somehow conflicting, design objectives can potentially make achieving a high-performance design a complex task to perform. For instance, shading devices can dramatically affect the building performance in various ways, such as energy consumption and daylight. This paper introduces a novel procedure for designing shading devices as an integral part of daylightophil architecture for office buildings by considering daylight and energy performance as objectives to be optimal. (2) Methods: to address the topic, a three-step research method was used. Firstly, three different window shades (fixed and dynamic) were modeled, one of which was inspired by traditional Iranian structures, as the main options for evaluation. Secondly, each option was evaluated for energy performance and daylight-related variables in critical days throughout the year in terms of climatic conditions and daylight situations (equinoxes and solstices including 20 March, 21 June, 22 September, and 21 December). Finally, to achieve a reliable result, apart from the results of the comparison of three options, all possible options for fixed and dynamic shades were analyzed through a multi-objective optimization to compare fixed and dynamic options and to find the optimal condition for dynamic options at different times of the day. (3) Results: through different stages of analysis, the findings suggest that, firstly, dynamic shading devices are more efficient than fixed shading devices in terms of energy efficiency, occupants’ visual comfort, and efficient use of daylight (roughly 10%). Moreover, through analyzing dynamic shading devices in different seasons and different times of the year, the optimal form of this shading device was determined. The results indicate that considering proper shading devices can have a significant improvement on achieving high-performance architecture in office buildings. This implies good potential for daylightophil architecture, but would require further studies to be confirmed as a principle for designing office buildings.

Effects of Indoor Lighting on Occupants’ Visual Comfort and Eye Health in a Green Building

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taeyon Hwang ◽  
Jeong Tai Kim
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Visual Display Terminal ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Shading Devices ◽  
Shading Device ◽  
Indoor Lighting

This study investigated the effects of indoor lighting on occupants’ visual comfort and eye health and to contribute to the management and maintenance of buildings. The illuminance of the working plane and windows at Samsung Corporation Headquarters were measured, and 2744 healthy occupants of Samsung Corporation were surveyed regarding the indoor lighting environment via the company’s intranet for 1½ years. This building was certified with the highest ranking by Korea’s Green Building Council. The cumulative data reflected the management and maintenance of the building, such as screen-type shading devices automatically controlled by seasons and time, improvement of visual display terminal glare by the veiling reflection on monitors, efficiency of artificial lighting arrays, and so on. The data were analysed for occupants’ visual comfort and eye health. The result showed that daylighting could improve the occupants’ psychological health and productivity. The screen-type shading device could intercept direct sunlight and reduce annoyance glare. However, the indoor lighting and visual environment of the building were poor. After examining the questionnaire feedback concerning improvements, the occupants’ annoyance ratio was significantly reduced, and approximately 5% of the occupants’ annoyance ratio was deemed to be caused by personal characteristics related to the lighting of the environment.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Integrated Shading Devices (PVSDs) and Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic (STPV) Devices Retrofitted to a Prototype Office Building in a Hot Desert Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10145
Author(s):  
Abdelhakim Mesloub ◽  
Aritra Ghosh ◽  
Mabrouk Touahmia ◽  
Ghazy Abdullah Albaqawy ◽  
Emad Noaime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Feature ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Shading Devices ◽  
Parametric Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Desert Climate

This paper presents the impact on energy performance and visual comfort of retrofitting photovoltaic integrated shading devices (PVSDs) to the façade of a prototype office building in a hot desert climate. EnergyPlus™ and the DIVA-for-Rhino© plug-ins were used to perform numerical simulations and parametric analyses examining the energy performance and visual comfort of five configurations, namely: (1) inclined single panel PVSDs, (2) unfilled eggcrate PVSDs, (3) a louvre PVSD of ten slats tilted 30° outward, (4) a louvre PVSD of five slats tilted 30° outward, and (5) an STPV module with 20% transparency which were then compared to a reference office building (ROB) model. The field measurements of an off-grid system at various tilt angles provided an optimum tilt angle of 30°. A 30° tilt was then integrated into some of the PVSD designs. The results revealed that the integration of PVSDs significantly improved overall energy performance and reduced glare. The unfilled eggcrate PVSD did not only have the highest conversion efficiency at ȵ 20% but generated extra energy as well; an essential feature in the hot desert climate of Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals THERMAL-DAYLIGHTING BALANCE THROUGH BUILDING SHADING DEVICES: A REVIEW ON FACTORS AND METHODS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Aimi Zahirah Zulkarnain ◽  
Mohd Najib Mohd Salleh ◽  
Zalena Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Performance ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Shading Devices ◽  
Shading Device ◽  
Optimum Balance ◽  
Parameter Relation

Daylighting is interpreted as natural sunlight allowed into an indoor space. Passive lighting strategies are considered fundamental in achieving a high performing sustainable building, which affects the visual and thermal comfort, and energy performance of a building. Many strategies in controlling daylighting are known, however, the wrong implementation can lead to a negative effect. The results obtained need to reach a balance between daylighting and thermal performance. This review is conducted to analyse the concept and factors that affect the balance through different research parameters. The performance factors include energy, comfort and perception or view. The different methods of achieving the balance are categorized into three, which are parameter relation, combination, and multi-objective optimization. Building shading devices are considered as one of the major solutions to reach thermal-daylighting balance. Through a comprehensive review, adjustable shading control is recommended as a better option for building shading device for buildings to achieve the optimum balance.

scholarly journals Thermal and Lighting Consumption Savings in Classrooms Retrofitted with Shading Devices in a Hot Climate

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Calama-González ◽  
Rafael Suárez ◽  
Ángel León-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Shading Devices ◽  
Ambient Systems ◽  
Shading Device ◽  
Current Energy ◽  
Operative Temperatures

Most educational buildings in southern Spain do not meet current energy requirements as weak thermal envelopes and the lack of cooling systems lead to severe discomfort in classrooms, especially when temperatures are above 30 °C. Given that global warming is expected to worsen this situation in coming decades, one of the first steps to be taken is to protect window openings from high levels of solar radiation by adding shading devices to reduce indoor temperatures and improve visual comfort. The aim of this research is to evaluate the reduction in thermal and lighting consumption in a classroom where a solar protection system in the form of an egg-crate shading device was installed. Two classrooms—one with an egg-crate device and another with no shading system—were monitored and compared for a whole year. The use of an egg-crate device in these classrooms reduced indoor operative temperatures during warmer periods while also improving indoor natural illuminance levels. Moreover, annual electric air conditioning consumption decreased by approximately 20%, with a 50% reduction in electric lighting consumption. These savings in electricity were largely conditioned by the use patterns observed in these ambient systems.

Analysis of the Indoor Thermal Load Variations Depending on the Shading Device Parameters and Window Orientation

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeo Beom Yoon ◽  
Rashmi Manandhar ◽  
Kwang Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Wall ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Window System ◽  
Shading Devices ◽  
Shading Device ◽  
Cooling Loads ◽  
Heating And Cooling Load

Many studies have been done to study the advantage of using window shading devices as a means of controlling solar penetration into the building. Shading devices like blinds have been proved to have a significant effect on the heating and cooling load of the building. As it is easier and less costly to change blinds than changing the window system in a building, using blinds is a very effective way of improving building performance. Although many studies have been done, mostly the study focuses on window that is oriented towards the south. As it is obvious that in a real building windows can be facing any direction, in this study the effect of blinds on heating and cooling loads of a building has been done, when the design of blind is either horizontal or vertical, when it is placed either inside or outside and when the slat angle automatically changes based on either solar energy received on vertical wall or on horizontal surface (roof).

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effect of Phase Change Material (PCM) Glazing on the Energy Consumption and Indoor Comfort of an Office in a Semiarid Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9597
Author(s):  
Daniel Uribe ◽  
Sergio Vera
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Meaningful Improvement ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Indoor Comfort ◽  
The Impact

Office buildings are usually characterized by low thermal inertia, which could cause underperformance in terms of energy consumption. Moreover, the use of large, glazed façades in office buildings can cause thermal and visual discomfort due to high solar heat gains and excessive daylight transmitted into the office space. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) integrated into glazing have arisen as an innovative strategy to increase thermal inertia and improve office buildings’ energy performance and indoor comfort at a low cost. This paper aims to analyze the impact of PCM glazing on buildings’ energy performance and occupants’ thermal and visual comfort. The analysis is performed through a one-year real-scale experiment in two offices in Santiago, Chile, with an east-oriented façade and a window-to-wall ratio (WWR) of 56%. The results are analyzed on two timescales: seasonally and daily. Representative days in each season were selected to carry out the analysis. Regarding the energy consumption of the HVAC system, PCM glazing reduces energy consumption during summer and mid-seasons and significantly reduces the peak loads in summer. A meaningful improvement in thermal comfort is achieved due to the control of the mean radiant temperature for the whole year. Considering visual comfort, there is an improvement in the luminance distribution in winter and mid-season cold conditions.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the effects of thermal insulation levels on the energy performance of New Zealand office buildings- exploring the impact of building attributes on the performance of thermal insulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Brittany Grieve
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
The Impact

<p>This thesis explored the impact of thermal insulation on the energy performance of New Zealand air-conditioned commercial office buildings. A sample of calibrated energy models constructed using real building performance data and construction information was used to ensure that the results produced were as realistic as possible to the actual building performance of New Zealand commercial office buildings. The aim was to assess how different climates and building attributes impact thermal insulation's ability to reduce energy consumption in New Zealand commercial office buildings.   Driven by the ever increasing demands for healthier, more comfortable, more sustainable buildings, building regulations have steadily increased the levels of insulation they require in new buildings over time. Improving the thermal properties of the building envelope with the addition of thermal insulation is normally used to reduce the amount of heating and cooling energy a building requires. Thermal insulation reduces the conductive heat transfer through the building envelope and with a higher level of thermal resistance, the less heat would transfer through the envelope. Consequently, the common expectation is that the addition of thermal insulation to the building envelope will always reduce energy consumption. However, this assumption is not always the case. For internal load dominated buildings located in certain climates, the presence of any or a higher level of thermal insulation may prevent heat loss through the wall, increasing the cooling energy required. This issue is thought to have not been directly examined in literature until 2008. However, an early study undertaken in New Zealand in 1996 found that for climates similar or warmer than Auckland, the addition of insulation could be detrimental to an office building's energy efficiency due to increased cooling energy requirements.  The energy performance of a sample of 13 real New Zealand office building energy models with varying levels of thermal insulation in 8 locations was examined under various scenarios. A parametric method of analysis using building energy modelling was used to assess the energy performance of the buildings. Buildings were modelled as built and standardised with the current NZS4243:2007 regulated and assumed internal load and operational values. The effect the cooling thermostat set point temperature had on the buildings' energy performance at varying levels of insulation was also tested.   The study concluded that the use of thermal insulation in New Zealand office buildings can cause an increase in cooling energy for certain types of buildings in any of the eight locations and thermal insulation levels explored in the study. The increase in cooling energy was significant enough to increase the total energy consumption of two buildings when modelled as built. These buildings were characterised by large internal loads, low performance windows with high window to wall ratios and low surface to volume ratios. The current minimum thermal resistance requirements were found to not be effective for a number of buildings in North Island locations.</p>

scholarly journals An evaluation of the effects of thermal insulation levels on the energy performance of New Zealand office buildings- exploring the impact of building attributes on the performance of thermal insulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Brittany Grieve
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
The Impact

<p>This thesis explored the impact of thermal insulation on the energy performance of New Zealand air-conditioned commercial office buildings. A sample of calibrated energy models constructed using real building performance data and construction information was used to ensure that the results produced were as realistic as possible to the actual building performance of New Zealand commercial office buildings. The aim was to assess how different climates and building attributes impact thermal insulation's ability to reduce energy consumption in New Zealand commercial office buildings.   Driven by the ever increasing demands for healthier, more comfortable, more sustainable buildings, building regulations have steadily increased the levels of insulation they require in new buildings over time. Improving the thermal properties of the building envelope with the addition of thermal insulation is normally used to reduce the amount of heating and cooling energy a building requires. Thermal insulation reduces the conductive heat transfer through the building envelope and with a higher level of thermal resistance, the less heat would transfer through the envelope. Consequently, the common expectation is that the addition of thermal insulation to the building envelope will always reduce energy consumption. However, this assumption is not always the case. For internal load dominated buildings located in certain climates, the presence of any or a higher level of thermal insulation may prevent heat loss through the wall, increasing the cooling energy required. This issue is thought to have not been directly examined in literature until 2008. However, an early study undertaken in New Zealand in 1996 found that for climates similar or warmer than Auckland, the addition of insulation could be detrimental to an office building's energy efficiency due to increased cooling energy requirements.  The energy performance of a sample of 13 real New Zealand office building energy models with varying levels of thermal insulation in 8 locations was examined under various scenarios. A parametric method of analysis using building energy modelling was used to assess the energy performance of the buildings. Buildings were modelled as built and standardised with the current NZS4243:2007 regulated and assumed internal load and operational values. The effect the cooling thermostat set point temperature had on the buildings' energy performance at varying levels of insulation was also tested.   The study concluded that the use of thermal insulation in New Zealand office buildings can cause an increase in cooling energy for certain types of buildings in any of the eight locations and thermal insulation levels explored in the study. The increase in cooling energy was significant enough to increase the total energy consumption of two buildings when modelled as built. These buildings were characterised by large internal loads, low performance windows with high window to wall ratios and low surface to volume ratios. The current minimum thermal resistance requirements were found to not be effective for a number of buildings in North Island locations.</p>

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