scholarly journals The Study of VFTO Distribution in the Insulation System of IOCT Used in Traction Network

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Zhonghuan Su ◽  
Longfu Luo ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Zhongxiang Li ◽  
Hu Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Current Transformer ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Traction Network ◽  
Distribution Calculation ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Cole Model ◽  
Transient Overvoltage

The FDS (Frequency-domain Dielectric Spectroscopy) of oil-immersed insulation paper, and semi-conductive paper with different moisture content, has been measured. The data measured are fitted as a function of frequency and moisture content using the amendatory Cole–Cole model utilizing the least square technique. Then, the broadband MTL model of the insulation system of IOCT (Inverted-type Oil-immersed Current Transformer) is established considering the capacitive electrodes thin layer, and the distribution parameters consider the moisture and frequency dependence. A new method for VFTO (Very Fast Transient Overvoltage) distribution calculation of insulation systems is proposed.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Small Investors’ Demands on a Thermal Insulation System for a Family House: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2491
Author(s):  
Alena Tažiková ◽  
Zuzana Struková ◽  
Mária Kozlovská
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Small Investors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Family House

This study deals with small investors’ demands on thermal insulation systems when choosing the most suitable solution for a family house. By 2050, seventy percent of current buildings, including residential buildings, are still expected to be in operation. To reach carbon neutrality, it is necessary to reduce operational energy consumption and thus reduce the related cost of building operations and the cost of the life cycle of buildings. One solution is to adapt envelopes of buildings by proper insulation solutions. To choose an optimal thermal insulation system that will reduce energy consumption of building, it is necessary to consider the environmental cost of insulation materials in addition to the construction cost of the materials. The environmental cost of a material depends on the carbon footprint from the initial origin of the material. This study presents the results of a multi-criteria decision-making analysis, where five different contractors set the evaluation criteria for selection of the optimal thermal insulation system. In their decision-making, they involved the requirements of small investors. The most common requirements were selected: the construction cost, the construction time (represented by the total man-hours), the thermal conductivity coefficient, the diffusion resistance factor, and the reaction to fire. The confidences of the criteria were then determined with the help of the pairwise comparison method. This was followed by multi-criteria decision-making using the method of index coefficients, also known as the method of basic variant. The multi-criteria decision-making included thermal insulation systems based on polystyrene, mineral wool, thermal insulation plaster, and aerogels’ nanotechnology. As a result, it was concluded that, currently, in Slovakia, small investors emphasize the cost of material and the coefficient of thermal conductivity and they do not care as much about the carbon footprint of the material manufacturing, the importance of which is mentioned in this study.

scholarly journals Hygrothermal Analysis of Masonry Wall with Reed Boards as Interior Insulation System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5252
Author(s):  
Kadri Keskküla ◽  
Tambet Aru ◽  
Mihkel Kiviste ◽  
Martti-Jaan Miljan
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Heating Cable ◽  
First Case ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Hygrothermal Analysis

When the masonry walls of buildings under heritage protection need to be restored and thermally improved, the only option is to use an interior insulation system. This is also the riskiest method of insulating walls in cold climates. Capillary active interior insulation systems have been proven to be the most reliable, minimizing the risk of mold growth and decay caused by condensation. They have also been proven to be less risky in wind-driven rain. The building studied is situated in a heritage-conservation area in downtown Tartu, Estonia, and therefore cannot be insulated from the exterior. This paper compares the hygrothermal performance of four different interior insulation systems with and without a heating cable and vapor barrier. In the first case, Isover Vario KM Duplex UV was placed between reed panels. In the second case, reed panels were used without the vapor barrier. Data loggers were applied between the reed panels and the original wall and inside the room to measure temperature and relative humidity in one-hour intervals. Exterior temperature and relative humidity values were taken from the Estonian University of Life Sciences Institute of Technology weather service station. In addition to the measurements taken in the case study building, calculations were made using heat-air-moisture (HAM) Delphin software to simulate the situation. The use of a smart vapor retarder (Isover Vario KM Duplex UV) with reed panels in the interior insulation system reduced the relative humidity level inside the wall. The vapor retarder improved the drying-potential compared to the interior insulation system without the vapor barrier.

Nonlinear Rectification for Capacitance Method Measuring the Moisture of Green Sand Based on Functional Link Neural Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 806-810
Author(s):  
De Quan Shi ◽  
Gui Li Gao ◽  
Jing Wei Dong ◽  
Li Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Green Sand ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Capacitance Method ◽  
Functional Link Neural Network

In order to solve the nonlinear output/input problem of the capacitance method measuring the moisture content of green sand, a nonlinear compensation is added into the measurement system and the neural network is used for nonlinear rectification. Based on introducing the principle of non-linear compensation, a functional link artificial network with multi-input and single-output is constructed. In the network, the output voltage of capacitance moisture sensor is taken as the input and the moisture content of green sand is taken as the output. The data samples obtained in laboratory are used to train the network, and the dynamic rectification model is got. The experimental results show that the maximum difference and relative error of the moisture content are ±0.09% and ±1.85% after nonlinear rectification by the functional link neural network, and it is significantly better than those of the least square method.

Electrical Insulation System Degradation Sensors: Improving Reliability of Power Generation and Distribution

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Sensor Output ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Conductive Composite ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Insulation Systems

As insulation systems of power system components such as electrical motors, generators and transformers degrade, they become brittle, crack and, eventually, fail to perform their intended function. Failure of the insulation system of these components often leads to costly power interruptions that could be prevented if the actual condition of the insulation system is known. The degradation mechanisms of modern insulation systems are highly dependent on the actual environmental and operational conditions of the component. Current methods to measure insulation system condition are often complex, expensive and require specialized training to interpret. In contrast, conductive composite sensors made of the same polymeric components as the insulation system itself monitor the actual environmentally and operationally induced degradation of the component insulation and provide a quick, objective indication of the current condition and remaining design life of the insulation. This innovative technology utilizes low-cost, inert conductive particles compounded with a portion of the insulation polymer to provide a tiny degradation sensor embedded into the winding, core or stator of the component. Sensor output correlates with the degraded state of the insulation system relative to standard industry thermal endurance testing, giving advanced warning of a degraded condition of the insulation system before design conditions are exceeded. Maintenance personnel, utilizing a simple ohmmeter, can read sensor output quickly and reliably without specialized equipment or training. Alternately, threshold-warning devices connected to the sensor provide constant monitoring. Conductive composite degradation sensors provide advance warning of prematurely degraded insulation systems and reduce the need for complex, intrusive and sometimes destructive electrical testing. Because conductive composite degradation sensors require no electrical power during the aging process, they are ideally suited to wireless, passive radio frequency identification (RFID), and “smart label” technologies.

Determine of Moisture Content for Rough Rice Single Kernel by Visible/NIR Spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 1549-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adcha Heman ◽  
Ching Lu Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Partial Least Square Regression ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Rough Rice ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Plsr Model

Moisture content (MC) of rough rice directly affects rice quality and its market value. This study applied spectroscopy both in visible 400-700 nm and NIR 700-1050 nm bands to record spectrum of rough rice single kernel (SK). Tainan No.11 medium rice randomly collected from field. After machine harvested, it was used in the tests and they were conditioned by oven to five MC levels ranging from 10.2 to 35.9%. Two regression methods, multiple linear regressions (MLR) and partial least square regression (PLSR), were applied to develop calibration models. Among 7 tested models were found that PLSR model of first differential with 21 gap points, which are rc=0.98, SEC=1.1% for calibration and rp=0.96, SEP=1.9% for prediction. The results suggested average accuracy for the best model was about 98.4% in 400-1050 nm wavelength.

The Research on the Development and Application of the Exterior Heat Insulation Material System in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 988-992
Author(s):  
Shuang Mei Cao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
Material System ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Heat Insulation Material ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
New Type ◽  
Composite Wall ◽  
Heat Preservation

This thesis analyzes the current situation of the heat insulation system of composite wall in China. Through comparison, it points out that heat insulation system is the trend of the development for heat preservation and energy saving, and meanwhile, it gives direction for further research to several different new type heat insulation systems.

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