scholarly journals Tissue Integrity and COVID-19

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-219
Author(s):  
Garry Kerch
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Matrix Stiffness ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cytoskeleton Reorganization ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Stiffness ◽  
Tissue Permeability

Tissue integrity depends on biological tissue stiffness. Tissue integrity can protect both against age-related diseases and against severity of COVID-19. The disruption of tight junctions and increase of tissue permeability with advancing age can be related with age-related diseases as well as with age-dependent COVID-19. Release of tightly bound water from collagen fibrils leads to the increase of extracellular matrix stiffness and to the associated with matrix stiffness increased tissue permeability. The link between arterial stiffness and oxidative stress has been reported and is expected to be studied in more detail in the future. Trehalose can be suggested for retardation of tightly bound water release and subsequent extracellular matrix crosslinking by advanced glycation end products. Increase in tissue permeability can be blocked by polyphenols that inhibit ICAM-1 expression and mitigate cytoskeleton reorganization. NF-κB activation as a result of increased stiffness and cytoskeleton reorganization can cause both cardiovascular pathologies and COVID-19. Increased cholesterol content in cell membrane leads to increased virus entry into cell and increase of cholesterol is linked with cardiovascular diseases. Statins and chitosan are known as cholesterol-lowering substances. Nrf2 inhibits NF-κB activation and NF-κB inhibits Nrf2 pathway.

Targeting extracellular matrix stiffness to attenuate disease: From molecular mechanisms to clinical trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (422) ◽  
pp. eaao0475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha C. Lampi ◽  
Cynthia A. Reinhart-King
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Matrix Stiffness ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Stiffness

Tissues stiffen during aging and during the pathological progression of cancer, fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease. Extracellular matrix stiffness is emerging as a prominent mechanical cue that precedes disease and drives its progression by altering cellular behaviors. Targeting extracellular matrix mechanics, by preventing or reversing tissue stiffening or interrupting the cellular response, is a therapeutic approach with clinical potential. Major drivers of changes to the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix include phenotypically converted myofibroblasts, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and matrix cross-linking. Potential pharmacological interventions to overcome extracellular matrix stiffening are emerging clinically. Aside from targeting stiffening directly, alternative approaches to mitigate the effects of increased matrix stiffness aim to identify and inhibit the downstream cellular response to matrix stiffness. Therapeutic interventions that target tissue stiffening are discussed in the context of their limitations, preclinical drug development efforts, and clinical trials.

scholarly journals Functions of the Tumor Suppressors p53 and Rb in Actin Cytoskeleton Remodeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Ebata ◽  
Hiroaki Hirata ◽  
Keiko Kawauchi
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Tumor Suppressors ◽  
Retinoblastoma Protein ◽  
Matrix Stiffness ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Stiffness ◽  
Cytoskeleton Remodeling ◽  
Biochemical Signals

Mechanical microenvironments, such as extracellular matrix stiffness and strain, have crucial roles in cancer progression. Cells sense their microenvironments with mechanosensing biomolecules, which is accompanied by the modulation of actin cytoskeleton structures, and the signals are subsequently transduced downstream as biochemical signals. The tumor suppressors p53 and retinoblastoma protein (Rb) are known to prevent cancer progression. The p53 and Rb signaling pathways are disrupted in many types of cancers. Here, we review recent findings about the roles of these tumor suppressors in the regulation of mechanosensing biomolecules and the actin cytoskeleton. We further discuss how dysfunction in the p53- and/or Rb-mediated mechanosignaling pathways is potentially involved in cancer progression. These pathways might provide good targets for developing anticancer therapies.

scholarly journals A FAK-Cas-Rac-Lamellipodin Signaling Module Transduces Extracellular Matrix Stiffness into Mechanosensitive Cell Cycling

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (330) ◽  
pp. ra57-ra57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. Bae ◽  
K. L. Mui ◽  
B. Y. Hsu ◽  
S.-L. Liu ◽  
A. Cretu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Matrix Stiffness ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Stiffness ◽  
Cell Cycling
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document