scholarly journals Effects of Rainfall onE. coliConcentrations at Door County, Wisconsin Beaches

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory T. Kleinheinz ◽  
Colleen M. McDermott ◽  
Sarah Hughes ◽  
Amanda Brown
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
Water Conveyance ◽  
Beach Closures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beach Water

Rainfall and its associated storm water runoff have been associated with transport of many pollutants into beach water. Fecal material, from a variety of animals (humans, pets, livestock, and wildlife), can wash into beach water following rainfall and result in microbial contamination of the beach. Many locales around the world issue pre-emptive beach closures associated with rainfall. This study looked at eight beaches located in Door County, Wisconsin, on Lake Michigan to determine the impact of rainfall onE. coliconcentrations in beach water. Water samples were collected from beach water and storm water discharge pipes during rainfall events of 5 mm in the previous 24 hours. Six of the eight beaches showed a significant association between rainfall and elevated beach waterE. coliconcentrations. The duration of the impact of rainfall on beach waterE. coliconcentrations was variable (immediate to 12 hours). Amount of rainfall in the days previous to the sampling did not have significant impact on theE. coliconcentrations measured in beach water. Presence of storm water conveyance pipes adjacent to the beach did not have a uniform impact on beach waterE. coliconcentrations. This study suggests that each beach needs to be examined on its own with regard to rain impacts onE coliconcentrations in beach water.

The impact of storm water runoff on a small urban stream

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilmantė Karlavičienė ◽  
Sigita Švedienė ◽  
Danutė Elena Marčiulionienė ◽  
Peter Randerson ◽  
Mindaugas Rimeika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Water ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Source Tracking Markers To Identify Fecal Contamination Sources in the Humber River (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) and Associated Storm Water Outfalls

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (21) ◽  
pp. 6357-6366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachery R. Staley ◽  
Josey Grabuski ◽  
Ed Sverko ◽  
Thomas A. Edge
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
Sewage Contamination ◽  
Humber River

ABSTRACTStorm water runoff is a major source of pollution, and understanding the components of storm water discharge is essential to remediation efforts and proper assessment of risks to human and ecosystem health. In this study, culturableEscherichia coliand ampicillin-resistantE. colilevels were quantified and microbial source tracking (MST) markers (including markers for generalBacteroidalesspp., human, ruminant/cow, gull, and dog) were detected in storm water outfalls and sites along the Humber River in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and enumerated via endpoint PCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Additionally, chemical source tracking (CST) markers specific for human wastewater (caffeine, carbamazepine, codeine, cotinine, acetaminophen, and acesulfame) were quantified. Human and gull fecal sources were detected at all sites, although concentrations of the human fecal marker were higher, particularly in outfalls (mean outfall concentrations of 4.22 log10copies, expressed as copy numbers [CN]/100 milliliters for human and 0.46 log10CN/100 milliliters for gull). Higher concentrations of caffeine, acetaminophen, acesulfame,E. coli, and the human fecal marker were indicative of greater raw sewage contamination at several sites (maximum concentrations of 34,800 ng/liter, 5,120 ng/liter, 9,720 ng/liter, 5.26 log10CFU/100 ml, and 7.65 log10CN/100 ml, respectively). These results indicate pervasive sewage contamination at storm water outfalls and throughout the Humber River, with multiple lines of evidence identifying Black Creek and two storm water outfalls with prominent sewage cross-connection problems requiring remediation. Limited data are available on specific sources of pollution in storm water, though our results indicate the value of using both MST and CST methodologies to more reliably assess sewage contamination in impacted watersheds.IMPORTANCEStorm water runoff is one of the most prominent non-point sources of biological and chemical contaminants which can potentially degrade water quality and pose risks to human and ecosystem health. Therefore, identifying fecal contamination in storm water runoff and outfalls is essential for remediation efforts to reduce risks to public health. This study employed multiple methods of identifying levels and sources of fecal contamination in both river and storm water outfall sites, evaluating the efficacy of using culture-based enumeration ofE. coli, molecular methods of determining the source(s) of contamination, and CST markers as indicators of fecal contamination. The results identified pervasive human sewage contamination in storm water outfalls and throughout an urban watershed and highlight the utility of using both MST and CST to identify raw sewage contamination.

scholarly journals Innovative Techniques in the Context of Actions for Flood Risk Management: A Review

Eng ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Maria Martinez ◽  
Ramez Bakheet ◽  
Shatirah Akib
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
The Impact

The general purpose of this review paper is to provide an overview of various flood protection strategies because flooding is becoming more frequent and is affecting more areas, displacing people, and increasing fatalities around the world. The concern surrounding climate change resulting in sea level rise, increasingly frequent storm events, and the need for adaptive actions to better control urban storm water runoff motivates the completion of this paper. Understanding the impact of climate change aside from dangerous weather conditions essential for designing effective mitigation strategies, but first, there needs to be a clear and strong understanding of the effects of extreme events. This review represents engineered storm water practices that are adaptive, in combination with the non-structural measures such as urban planning, will help reduce flood impact.

scholarly journals The Research of the Suitability of Hydrostatic Water Level Sensor to Measure Storm Water Runoff Flow Rate with the Focus on the Influence of Sediments

2017 ◽  
pp. 336-344
Author(s):  
Vilmantė Karlavičienė ◽  
Raimondas Zaborovskis ◽  
Vaidas Vinciūnas ◽  
Mindaugas Rimeika
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Level Sensor ◽  
The Impact

Since most of the contaminants in surface waters fall with storm water runoff, it is very important to correctly describe the content of pollutants discharging with them (kilograms or tons) for a given unit of time (hour, shift, day, month or year). Measurements are complicated by the fact that the flow rate and pollutant concentration is very variable over time. The aim of the research was to determine the grain size of sweepings accumulated on the surfaces of the researched territory and to investigate the impact of storm water runoff sediments on the accuracy of measurements of water level height using the hydrostatic water level sensor. For the experiment four typical Vilnius city streets, two storm water runoff treatment plants and also the streets sweeping machine was chosen. Storm water runoff in urban areas has an abundance of sediment, therefore, studying the hydrostatic water level sensor DI 240 Diver suitability to determine storm water runoff flow rate, for the experimental studies the impact of sludge and sand for measuring accuracy was chosen. Particles with diameters ranging from 0.315 to 0.630 mm consisting the maximum weight (the average value of 24 g per 100 g of the sample) of street sweepings. Storm water runoff treatment plants sediments are approximately 60% of the smallest particles with a size of less than 0.05 mm. Particles of less than 0.25 mm consisting about 80% of sediment. During laboratory and full scale tests it was determined, that there is no significant affect of sediments on the accuracy of the hydrostatic water level sensor measurements. The average square error (standard deviation) was 0.567 cm when the measurement uncertainty was 0.0021 cm.

Leaching of additives from construction materials to urban storm water runoff

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1974-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Burkhardt ◽  
S. Zuleeg ◽  
R. Vonbank ◽  
P. Schmid ◽  
S. Hean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Receiving Water

Urban water management requires further clarification about pollutants in storm water. Little is known about the release of organic additives used in construction materials and the impact of these compounds to storm water runoff. We investigated sources and pathways of additives used in construction materials, i.e., biocides in facades' render as well as root protection products in bitumen membranes for rooftops. Under wet-weather conditions, the concentrations of diuron, terbutryn, carbendazim, irgarol®1051 (all from facades) and mecoprop in storm water and receiving water exceeded the predicted no-effect concentrations values and the Swiss water quality standard of 0.1 μg/L. Under laboratory conditions maximum concentrations of additives were in the range of a few milligrams and a few hundred micrograms per litre in runoff of facades and bitumen membranes. Runoff from aged materials shows approximately one to two orders of magnitude lower concentrations. Concentrations decreased also during individual runoff events. In storm water and receiving water the occurrence of additives did not follow the typical first flush model. This can be explained by the release lasting over the time of rainfall and the complexity of the drainage network. Beside the amounts used, the impact of construction materials containing hazardous additives on water quality is related clearly to the age of the buildings and the separated sewer network. The development of improved products regarding release of hazardous additives is the most efficient way of reducing the pollutant load from construction materials in storm water runoff.

Effects of field storage method on E. coli concentrations measured in storm water runoff

2016 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daren Harmel ◽  
Kevin Wagner ◽  
Emily Martin ◽  
Doug Smith ◽  
Pauline Wanjugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Storage Method ◽  
Storm Water Runoff

Long-Term Simulation of Pollutant Loads in Treatment Plant Effluents and Combined Sewer Overflows

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Durchschlag
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
Water Tanks

As a result of urbanization, the pollutant discharges from sources such as treatment plant effluents and polluted stormwaters are responsible for an unacceptable water quality in the receiving waters.In particular, combined sewer system overflows may produce great damage due to a shock effect. To reduce these combined sewer overflow discharges, the most frequently used method is to build stormwater storage tanks. During storm water runoff, the hydraulic load of waste water treatment plants increases with additional retention storage. This might decrease the treatment efficiency and thereby decrease the benefit of stormwater storage tanks. The dynamic dependence between transport, storage and treatment is usually not taken into account. This dependence must be accounted for when planning treatment plants and calculating storage capacities in order to minimize the total pollution load to the receiving waters. A numerical model will be described that enables the BOD discharges to be continuously calculated. The pollutant transport process within the networks and the purification process within the treatment plants are simulated. The results of the simulation illustrate; a statistical balance of the efficiency of stormwater tanks with the treatment plant capacity and to optimize the volume of storm water tanks and the operation of combined sewer systems and treatment plants.

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