scholarly journals Tin and Antimony as Soil Pollutants along Railway Lines—A Case Study from North-Western Croatia

Environments ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Zvjezdana Stančić ◽  
Željka Fiket ◽  
Andreja Vuger
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Few Data ◽  
North Western ◽  
Total Concentrations

The aim of this study was to determine the extent and patterns of antimony and tin contamination in soils along railway lines, as there are very few data in the literature on this subject. The study was conducted in north-western Croatia. Total and bioavailable concentrations of Sn and Sb were detected using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS). The following results were obtained: total concentrations of Sb ranged from 0.98 to 52.0 mg/kg and of Sn from 3.04 mg/kg to 97.6 mg/kg. The soil samples showed pronounced Sb and Sn enrichment, up to 87 and 33 times the median value for European soils, respectively. In contrast to the total concentrations, the bioavailable concentrations showed relatively low values. For Sn, the percentage of total content ranged from 0.001 to 0.021%, while for Sb it ranged from 0.001 to 0.136%. Statistical data analysis suggests that the distribution of Sb and Sn in soils near railway lines is influenced by the functional use of the site, distance from the tracks, topography, age of the railway line, and also by soil properties such as soil texture, humus content, and soil pH. This study demonstrates that rail transport is a source of soil pollution with Sn and Sb. The origin of Sb and Sn enrichment is abrasion by brakes, rails, wheels, freight losses, exhaust gasses, etc. Both elements in soils along railway lines pose an environmental risk to humans, agricultural production, and wildlife, and therefore further detailed studies are required.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Pt Solubility in the CO-CO2 Fluid at Low fO2 and Subsolidus Conditions of the Ultramafic-Mafic Intrusions

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Alexander Simakin ◽  
Tamara Salova ◽  
Anastassia Y. Borisova ◽  
Gleb S. Pokrovski ◽  
Olga Shaposhnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Mafic Intrusions ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aas Method ◽  
Quartz Ceramics

The solubility of Pt in CO-CO2 fluid was studied experimentally at P = 50–200 MPa and T = 950 °C. A mixture of MgC2O4 and MgCO3 was used as a source of the fluid. Upon the reaction of the Pt capsule walls and the fluid, a carbonyl of platinum is formed. The use of the high-temperature quartz ceramics as a fluid trap avoids the effect of mechanical contamination with Pt from the eroded capsule walls. The total content of platinum in the porous fluid traps was measured by the Electrothermal Atomic Absorption (ET-AAS) method. In some experiments, the local analysis of traps was carried out by the Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) method. The composition of fluid in bubbles captured in an albite glass trap was studied by micro-Raman spectroscopy. On the capsule walls and MgO, Pt “whiskers” of submicron diameter were observed, which were formed as a product of carbonyl decomposition during quenching. About 5–15% of carbonyl withstands quenching resulting in 1.5 to 2 ppm Pt soluble in acetone (runs at P = 200 MPa) in a quartz glass trap. The amount of Pt soluble in acetone from the capsule walls corresponds to a concentration of up to 8 ppm in the fluid. A high content of soluble Pt of 2000–3000 ppm was determined in a carbon coated MgO matrix. Our study demonstrated that the solubility of Pt in the CO-CO2 fluid is 15–150 ppm, presumably in the form of Pt3(CO)62− under conditions corresponding to the conditions of the subsolidus stage of layered ultramafic-mafic and ultramafic-alkaline intrusions formation. Our preliminary data showed that this solubility will increase with the addition of water at low fO2.

scholarly journals Elemental Content in Pleurotus ostreatus and Cyclocybe cylindracea Mushrooms: Correlations with Concentrations in Cultivation Substrates and Effects on the Production Process

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2179
Author(s):  
Georgios Koutrotsios ◽  
Georgios Danezis ◽  
Constantinos Georgiou ◽  
Georgios I. Zervakis
Keyword(s):  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Few data exist about the effect of substrates’ elemental content on the respective concentrations in cultivated mushrooms, on the degradation of lignocellulosics or on production parameters. Sixteen elements (14 metals and 2 metalloids) were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in Pleurotus ostreatus and Cyclocybe cylindracea mushrooms, and in their seven cultivation substrates composed of various plant-based residues. Results revealed a high variability in elemental concentration among substrates which generally led to significant differences in the respective mushroom contents. High bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were noted for Cd, Cu, Mg and Zn for both species in all substrates. BCF of each element was variously affected by substrates’ pH, crude composition, and p and K content. Significant positive correlations were demonstrated for Cu, Fe, Mn and Li concentrations vs. a decrease of cellulose and hemicellulose in P. ostreatus substrates, and vs. mushrooms’ biological efficiency. In the case of C. cylindracea, Be, Mg and Mn concentrations were positively correlated with the decrease of hemicellulose in substrates, while a significant positive correlation was also recorded vs. mushroom productivity. Finally, it was found that 15% to 35% of the daily dietary needs in Mg, Se and Zn could be covered by mushroom consumption.

scholarly journals Analysis of Hazardous Elements in Children Toys: Multi-Elemental Determination by Chromatography and Spectrometry Methods

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Karaś ◽  
Marcin Frankowski
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Metals And Metalloids ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

This paper presents the results of determination of hazardous metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) and metalloid (As, Sb) levels in toys available in the Polish market. Two independent sample preparation methods were used to determine the concentration and content of the metals and metalloids. The first one is defined by the guidelines of the EN-71 standard and undertook extraction in 0.07 mol/L HCl. This method was used to conduct speciation analysis of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), as well as for the determination of selected metals and metalloids. The second method conducted mineralization in a HNO3 and H2O2 mixture using microwave energy to determine the content of metals and metalloids. Determination of chromium forms was made using the high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) method, while those of metals and metalloids were made using the ICP-MS technique. Additionally, in order to determine total content of chromium in toys, an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX) was used. The results of the analyses showed that Cr(VI) was not detected in the toys. In general, the content of heavy metals and metalloids in the studied samples was below the migration limit set by the norm EN-71.

Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Investigating Nonlinear Response Observed in Pulse Counting Mode and Extending the Linear Dynamic Range by Compensating for Dead Time Related Count Losses on a Microsecond Timescale

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Strenge ◽  
Carsten Engelhard
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Linear Dynamic Range ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

<p>The article demonstrates the importance of using a suitable approach to compensate for dead time relate count losses (a certain measurement artefact) whenever short, but potentially strong transient signals are to be analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Findings strongly support the theory that inadequate time resolution, and therefore insufficient compensation for these count losses, is one of the main reasons for size underestimation observed when analysing inorganic nanoparticles using ICP-MS, a topic still controversially discussed.</p>

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