scholarly journals High Precision Altimeter Demonstrates Simplification and Depression of Microtopography on Seismic Lines in Treed Peatlands

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassondra Stevenson ◽  
Angelo Filicetti ◽  
Scott Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Minor Variation ◽  
Topographic Complexity ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Linear Forest ◽  
Seismic Lines

Seismic lines are linear forest clearings used for oil and gas exploration. The mechanical opening of forests for these narrow (3–10 meter) lines is believed to simplify microtopographic complexity and depress local topographic elevation. In treed peatlands, simplified microtopography limits tree regeneration by removing favourable microsites (hummocks) for tree recruitment and increasing the occurrence of flooding that reduces survival of tree seedlings. Little, however, has been done to quantify the microtopography of seismic lines and specifically the degree of alteration. Here, we measured microtopography at 102 treed peatland sites in northeast Alberta, Canada using a high precision hydrostatic altimeter (ZIPLEVEL PRO-2000) that measured variation in local topography of seismic lines and adjacent paired undisturbed forests. Sites were separated into four peatland ecosite types and the presence or absence of recent (<22 years) wildfires. Paired t-tests were used to compare microtopographic complexity and depression depth of seismic lines compared with adjacent forests. Microtopographic complexity on seismic lines was simplified by 20% compared to adjacent stands with no significant change between recently burned and unburned sites, nor between ecosites. Not only were seismic lines simplified, but they were also depressed in elevation by an average of 8 cm compared to adjacent forests with some minor variation between ecosites observed, but again not with recent wildfires. Thus, simplification of microtopographic complexity and the creation of depressions can persist decades after initial disturbance with some differences between peatland ecosites, implying the need for ecosite-specific restoration of topographic complexity. The importance of microtopography for tree regeneration on seismic lines remains an important question for reforestation of these disturbances and thus long-term recovery of habitat for species dependent on undisturbed peatlands, including woodland caribou.

scholarly journals CO2 uptake decreased and CH4 emissions increased in first two years of peatland seismic line restoration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Schmidt ◽  
Scott J. Davidson ◽  
Maria Strack
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Seismic Line ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Seismic Lines ◽  
Reference Areas

Abstract Oil and gas exploration has resulted in over 300,000 km of linear disturbances known as seismic lines, throughout boreal peatlands across Canada. Sites are left with altered hydrologic and topographic conditions that prevent tree re-establishment. Restoration efforts have concentrated on tree recovery through mechanical mounding to re-create microtopography and support planted tree seedlings to block sightlines and deter predator use, but little is known about the impact of seismic line disturbance or restoration on peatland carbon cycling. This study looked at two mounding treatments and compared carbon dioxide and methane fluxes to untreated lines and natural reference areas in the first two years post-restoration. We found no significant differences in net ecosystem CO2 exchange, but untreated seismic lines were slightly more productive than natural reference areas and mounding treatments. Both restoration treatments increased ecosystem respiration, decreased net productivity by 6–21 gCO2m− 2d− 1, and created areas of increased methane emissions, including an increase in the contribution of ebullition, of up to 2000 mgCH4m− 2d− 1. Further research on this site to assess the longer-term impacts of restoration, as well as application on other sites with varied conditions, will help determine if these restoration practices are effective.

About this title - Seismic Characterization of Carbonate Platforms and Reservoirs

10.1144/sp509 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 509 (1) ◽  
pp. NP-NP
Author(s):  
J. Hendry ◽  
P. Burgess ◽  
D. Hunt ◽  
X. Janson ◽  
V. Zampetti
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Carbonate Platforms ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Seismic Modelling ◽  
Flow Units ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Seismic Characterization

Modern seismic data have become an essential toolkit for studying carbonate platforms and reservoirs in impressive detail. Whilst driven primarily by oil and gas exploration and development, data sharing and collaboration are delivering fundamental geological knowledge on carbonate systems, revealing platform geomorphologies and how their evolution on millennial time scales, as well as kilometric length scales, was forced by long-term eustatic, oceanographic or tectonic factors. Quantitative interrogation of modern seismic attributes in carbonate reservoirs permits flow units and barriers arising from depositional and diagenetic processes to be imaged and extrapolated between wells.This volume reviews the variety of carbonate platform and reservoir characteristics that can be interpreted from modern seismic data, illustrating the benefits of creative interaction between geophysical and carbonate geological experts at all stages of a seismic campaign. Papers cover carbonate exploration, including the uniquely challenging South Atlantic pre-salt reservoirs, seismic modelling of carbonates, and seismic indicators of fluid flow and diagenesis.

Maintaining line of sight in oil and gas exploration: A case study from Mahakam Delta, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 558-565
Author(s):  
Balakrishnan Kunjan ◽  
Witan Ardjakusumah ◽  
Kevin McDonald ◽  
Hannah Booth ◽  
Seda Rouxel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Airborne Gravity ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Depth Migration ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Well Data ◽  
Technical Effort ◽  
Seismic Lines ◽  
Over Time

In all exploration processes, the evaluation of basins, permits, and individual prospects changes over time with incremental availability and quality of data, technical effort expended, and knowledge gained. The NU prospect, located in the Mahakam Hilir PSC (East Kalimantan), is an example in which geologic chance of success (GCOS) predictions can change over time with increasing acquisition and availability of geophysical and geologic data and the studies done on them. We show how studies done on any one prospect or group of prospects can progressively increase/decrease the chance of at least one success in an exploration campaign of several wells. After a series of four wells was drilled in the PSC, which did not deliver commercial success, a change in approach was required to continue exploration. This included the acquisition of airborne gravity gradiometry data, initial trial prestack depth migration (PSDM) reprocessing of two key 1989 vintage 2D lines, acquisition of vintage well data from four Sambutan Field wells, acquisition of nine vintage 2D seismic lines over the field, and PSDM reprocessing of the nine 2D seismic lines. All data were then integrated to build a new geologic model. As a result, the NU prospect GCOS progressively moved from less than 10% to nearly 40%.

scholarly journals Automated Detection of Conifer Seedlings in Drone Imagery Using Convolutional Neural Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 2585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fromm ◽  
Matthias Schubert ◽  
Guillermo Castilla ◽  
Julia Linke ◽  
Greg McDermid
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Combining Data

Monitoring tree regeneration in forest areas disturbed by resource extraction is a requirement for sustainably managing the boreal forest of Alberta, Canada. Small remotely piloted aircraft systems (sRPAS, a.k.a. drones) have the potential to decrease the cost of field surveys drastically, but produce large quantities of data that will require specialized processing techniques. In this study, we explored the possibility of using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on this data for automatically detecting conifer seedlings along recovering seismic lines: a common legacy footprint from oil and gas exploration. We assessed three different CNN architectures, of which faster region-CNN (R-CNN) performed best (mean average precision 81%). Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of training-set size, season, seedling size, and spatial resolution on the detection performance. Our results indicate that drone imagery analyzed by artificial intelligence can be used to detect conifer seedling in regenerating sites with high accuracy, which increases with the size in pixels of the seedlings. By using a pre-trained network, the size of the training dataset can be reduced to a couple hundred seedlings without any significant loss of accuracy. Furthermore, we show that combining data from different seasons yields the best results. The proposed method is a first step towards automated monitoring of forest restoration/regeneration.

scholarly journals Disturbing to restore? Effects of mounding on understory communities on seismic lines in treed peatlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1340-1351
Author(s):  
Laureen F.I. Echiverri ◽  
S. Ellen Macdonald ◽  
Scott E. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Understory Plant ◽  
Understory Plant Communities ◽  
Understory Communities ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
Seismic Lines

In peatlands, microtopography strongly affects understory plant communities. Disturbance can result in a loss of microtopographic variation, primarily through the loss of hummocks. To address this, mounding treatments can be used to restore microtopography. We examined the effects of mounding on the understory vegetation on seismic lines in wooded fens. Seismic lines are deforested linear corridors (∼3 to 8 m wide) created for oil and gas exploration. Our objectives were to compare the recovery of understory communities on unmounded and mounded seismic lines and determine how recovery varies with microtopographic position. Recovery was evident in the unmounded seismic lines, with higher shrub and total understory cover at the “tops” of the small, natural hummocks than at lower microtopographic positions — much like the trends in adjacent treed fens. In contrast, mounding treatments that artificially created hummocks on seismic lines significantly changed understory communities. Mounded seismic lines had higher forb cover, much lower bryophyte cover, less variation along the microtopographic gradient, and community composition less similar to that of the reference sites than unmounded seismic lines due to higher abundance of marsh-associated species. Our results suggest that mounding narrow seismic lines can be detrimental to the recovery of the understory communities in treed peatlands.

Research Progress on Anti-Corrosive Properties of Graphene Modified Coatings

2020 ◽  
Vol 993 ◽  
pp. 1140-1147
Author(s):  
Li Juan Zhu ◽  
Chun Feng ◽  
Hong Jiang Ge ◽  
Ya Qiong Cao ◽  
Li Hong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Excellent Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Future Work

Graphene modified coatings have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their excellent corrosion resistance and broad application prospects in the field of anti-corrosion. However, large-scale applications of graphene coatings were seldom reported, which is mainly attributed to the lack of fundamental research on the anti-corrosive mechanism and the long-term service performance evaluation of graphene modified coatings in actual working conditions. In the present work, the influence of the characteristics of corrosive medium, the content of graphene, the structure and morphology of graphene and the external environmental conditions on the anti-corrosive performance of graphene modified coatings were systematically reviewed. The deficiencies in the research of anti-corrosive performance of graphene modified coatings were summarized. The future work were prospected for the anti-corrosive performance and applications of graphene modified coatings in oil and gas exploration.

scholarly journals Bivalve Diversity on the Continental Shelf and Deep Sea of the Perdido Fold Belt, Northwest Gulf of Mexico, Mexico

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Nancy Yolimar Suárez-Mozo ◽  
Victor Manuel Vidal-Martínez ◽  
M. Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo ◽  
Daniel Pech ◽  
Edlin Guerra-Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Shelf Zone ◽  
Fold Belt ◽  
Topographic Complexity ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity

Mollusk diversity in coastal areas of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) has been studied extensively, but this is not the case for deep-water habitats. We present the first quantitative characterization of mollusks in shallow and deep waters of the Perdido Fold Belt. The data came from two research cruises completed in 2017. Sediment samples were collected from 56 sites using a 0.25-m2 box corer. We tested hypotheses about spatial patterns of α, β, and γ-diversity of bivalves in two water-depth zones, the continental shelf (43–200 m) and bathyal zone (375–3563 m). A total of 301 bivalves belonging to 39 species were identified. The two zones display similar levels of γ-diversity, but host different bivalve assemblages. In general, α-diversity was higher on the continental shelf, whereas β-diversity was higher in the bathyal zone. These patterns can be explained by the higher input of carbon (energy) to the near-coast shelf zone, as well as by the greater topographic complexity of habitats in the bathyal zone. These results enabled us to propose redirection of sampling efforts for environmental characterization from continental zones to the deep-water zone, especially in the context of environmental assessments during oil and gas exploration and production.

Sri Lanka’s oil and gas plans are overambitious

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Energy Needs

Subject Sri Lanka's plans to start hydrocarbon production. Significance Sri Lanka is aiming to start hydrocarbon production within four years. It currently relies on imports of oil and coal to meet its energy needs. Impacts A focus on oil and gas exploration will detract from development of renewable energy resources. Limited exploration success would mean long-term dependence on LNG imports. Adoption of a new gas policy may provide some certainty regarding the direction of the country’s energy policy.

Fault System Study in South Beir Sag

2014 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Yan Huo ◽  
Zheng He Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Positive Guidance ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
3D Seismic Data

The Tamt basin is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic rift basin. Strongly influenced by the late tectonism, the basin structure and evolution has a very complex process. Based on Interpretation of 3D seismic data, the faults are divided into four categories in the system, that is, extensional normal faults, shear or torsional tensional normal faults, shear compression thrust faults and reversible faults. Major faults in the evolutionary sequence are divided into early development, late development, and long-term development, with good correlation between the formation and evolution of the basin. On the surface, the fault strike shift from NNE and NE to SN-trending and NNW. For the sector, fault system can be divided into the lower stretch fault system and the upper strike-slip fault system by the T22 seismic reflection layer. The structure style in South Beir Sag can be summed up as rift style, transtension style, transpression reverse style into three categories, and the different structural styles play an important role in the distribution of oil and gas. The results have positive guidance to oil and gas exploration in South Beir sag.

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