Have you considered the opposite? A debiasing strategy for judgment in criminal investigation

Fundamental challenges in human decision-making pose a serious threat to fair evidence evaluation, verdicts in court proceedings, and the administration of justice. Drawing on cognitive psychology, we examined whether a consider-the-opposite approach can assist police officers with positive guidance on how to implement crucial legal thresholds such as the presumption of innocence. In an experiment with sworn police officers ( N = 100), we compared a consider-the-opposite condition and a control condition (with no further instructions) and measured the formulated alternative hypotheses. The results show a promising debiasing effect of the consider-the-opposite approach which may strengthen fundamental principles of criminal law.

On the Relationship among User’s Reading Behavior, Algorithm Recommendation Mechanism and the Manufactured Filter Bubbles Effect

This paper analyses the causal logic of algorithm recommendation and it employs the Pielou index to measure the distribution of news contents to provide empirical evidence to indicate whether the algorithm recommendation mechanism may produce filter bubbles. Moreover, this research takes Headlines Today as the research object to better understand the realization of tailored news and how their reading behaviour affect the algorithm recommendation mechanism. Meanwhile, the conclusion reinforces that users should enhance their information literacy in the era of artificial intelligence and big data, make rational use of algorithm recommendation mechanism, and pay close attention to the diversity of information sources to avoid information bias. This paper also helps the information flow platform to reflect on the shortcomings of the algorithm mechanism and optimise its strengths while avoiding those manufactured negative effects and proposes that in the optimisation of algorithm recommendation mechanism, the positive guidance to users should also be emphasised. Indicators such as content influence and mainstream media recommendation can be added to generate a multi-index recommendation.

Parental autonomy support in relation to preschool aged children’s behavior: Examining positive guidance, negative control, and responsiveness

This study evaluated the relationship between parental autonomy support and preschool-aged children’s display of autonomy. Specifically, we examined if mothers’ and fathers’ use of positive guidance, negative control, and responsiveness during parent-child interactions predicted children’s autonomous behavior. One hundred families comprised of mothers, fathers, and their children participated. Parent-child dyads were filmed engaging in an unstructured play task and interactions were coded using the Parent-Child Interaction System. Mothers’ use of negative control and father’s use of positive guidance, negative control, and responsiveness predicted children’s displays of autonomy, whereas mothers’ positive guidance and responsiveness did not. The results offer insight into how parents play unique roles in promoting their children’s autonomy, which has implications for practitioners and researchers who work with families. Our findings provide examples of behaviors that parents can employ to promote their children’s autonomy.

Reading Race in Slavic Studies Scholarship through a Digital Lens

This article asks, on a systemic scale, how published articles in “Slavic Studies” do and do not reflect critically on race and other cultural constructions of identity. Digital Humanities methods provide a digital bird's-eye view of over 100,000 scholarly texts, primarily in Russian and English, through three computational approaches: frequency analysis, topic modeling, and perspectival modeling. The authors demonstrate that there is an absence of critical tools for conducting research about race in our field, despite a prevalence of racialized subject matter. These results offer a data-based refutation of the common misconception that race is outside the scholarly concerns of our field. Rather, the data affirms student accounts of the field's inadequacies in grappling with race and racism, both in historical objects of study and in the world that scholars navigate. Digital methods also locate scholarship inside and outside Slavic Studies that offers positive guidance for future work.

PENANAMAN NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN DI SMP SYABAB AL-FATIH SRI MULYA KECAMATAN PAMPANGAN KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ILIR

The Planting of Islamic Religious Education Values ​​in the Formation of Environmental Concerned Characters is a process to be achieved by educational institutions because by planting these noble values, one can know the extent to which students' awareness of caring for the environment by looking at the character development that grows in themselves gradually. This research is a type of descriptive qualitative research, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. In this study using descriptive qualitative data analysis. The source of data in this study is primary data that is data obtained through observation and interviews with informants, while secondary data is obtained through documentation. Based on the results of the study showed that the inculcation of Islamic religious education values ​​in the formation of environmental care characters in Syabab Al-Fatih Sri Mulya Middle School, Pampangan District, Ogan Komering Ilir District was sufficient because the training, guidance, and learning efforts undertaken by all school members were able shape the character of caring for the environment through religious activities, SEMUTLI cleanliness program, and clean Friday conducted at school Likewise, factors that influence the formation of character consisting of internal and external factors. And also, can’t be separated from the role of teachers, students, the environment, and parents, who provide positive guidance and direction to foster the character of environmental care in students.

Elastic-plastic analysis and riveting energy control for dual-robot pneumatic riveting system

To ensure the riveting quality and avoid riveting defects such as overdriven head or underdriven head, elastic and plastic mechanical analysis of the riveting process has been studied and a riveting energy control method is proposed in this paper. According to the target size of the driven head, the material properties, and the interference, the total riveting energy is calculated. Then, the relation of riveting duration and riveting energy is established to realize the control of the riveting impact energy in practical engineering. Furthermore, plastic dynamic impact buckling of the rivet is also analyzed to get impact buckling critical speed. Due to the dual-robot posture adjustment and countersunk self-centering ability, the working axes of the riveting tools, rivet, and hole are found to be well coaxial. The analysis shows there is little phenomenon of rivet bending in the dual-robot pneumatic riveting system and the impact buckling critical speed is much higher than the piston impact speed. Finally, finite element model is built for riveting dynamic simulation and dual-robot pneumatic riveting cell for fuselage panel assembly is developed to obtain experimental results. The comparison shows the proposed method has a good performance. The research results enhance the knowledge of energy effect of dual-robot pneumatic riveting, and thus offer positive guidance for practical application in aircraft assembly.

Nontraditional Women Students' Experiences of Identity Recognition and Marginalization During Advising

Nontraditional women students, defined as older than 24 years, parents, or veterans, compose a fast-growing higher education population. Many face identity-related challenges when interacting with advisors. From 2 northeastern U.S. women's colleges, 42 nontraditional women students participated in phenomenological interviews focused on their advising experiences, including the way advisors engaged with their identities. We classified 6 themes, 3 positive (guidance, identity recognition, advocacy) and 3 negative (indifference, identity marginalization, gatekeeping), that underscored the centrality of advisor engagement with identity for advisee-defined experiences. Advisors encouraged nontraditional women when recognizing intersectional identities as assets but also marginalized students through stereotyping or communicating low expectations. We highlight implications for future research and practice in this domain.

Engineering Surface and Optical Properties of TiO2-Coated Electrospun PVDF Nanofibers Via Controllable Self-Assembly

Understanding the effect of a porous TiO2 nanolayer on the optical scattering and absorption through electrospun fibers is of great importance for the design and development of advanced optical extinction materials. Based on electrospinning and controllable self-assembly techniques, pure electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibers and TiO2-coated ones with different self-assembly cycles were prepared. The effect of TiO2 self-assembly cycles on surface parameters, e.g., thickness, assembled content, and porosity of the TiO2 nanolayer were determined by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. With an increase in the self-assembly cycles, the TiO2-coated electrospun PVDF fibers presented rougher surfaces and greater average diameters. According to the characterized surface parameters, the effects of the controllable self-assembly on the optical refractive index, absorption index, and infrared extinction were investigated to increase the optical properties of electrospun PVDF fibers. The results indicated that an increase of almost 120–130 cm−1 in infrared extinction could be achieved through the controllable self-assembly with only 5.7 wt. % assembled TiO2 content. This is highly efficient when compared with other coating modes. We believe that this study could give some positive guidance in the design of TiO2-coated electrospun fibers for improving their surface and optical properties.