scholarly journals Environmental Controls on the Seasonal Variation in Gas Exchange and Water Balance in a Near-Coastal Mediterranean Pinus halepensis Forest

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela N. Fotelli ◽  
Evangelia Korakaki ◽  
Spyridon A. Paparrizos ◽  
Kalliopi Radoglou ◽  
Tala Awada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Aleppo Pine ◽  
Canopy Conductance ◽  
Climate Variability And Change ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Adult Trees

Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) is widespread in most countries of the Mediterranean area. In Greece, Aleppo pine forms natural stands of high economic and ecological importance. Understanding the species’ ecophysiological traits is important in our efforts to predict its responses to ongoing climate variability and change. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the seasonal dynamic in Aleppo pine gas exchange and water balance on the leaf and canopy levels in response to the intra-annual variability in the abiotic environment. Specifically, we assessed needle gas exchange, water potential and δ13C ratio, as well as tree sap flow and canopy conductance in adult trees of a mature near-coastal semi-arid Aleppo pine ecosystem, over two consecutive years differing in climatic conditions, the latter being less xerothermic. Maximum photosynthesis (Amax), stomatal conductance (gs), sap flow per unit leaf area (Ql), and canopy conductance (Gs) peaked in early spring, before the start of the summer season. During summer drought, the investigated parameters were negatively affected by the increasing potential evapotranspiration (PET) rate and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Aleppo pine displayed a water-saving, drought avoidance (isohydric) strategy via stomatal control in response to drought. The species benefited from periods of high available soil water, during the autumn and winter months, when other environmental factors were not limiting. Then, on the leaf level, air temperature had a significant effect on Amax, while on the canopy level, VPD and net radiation affected Ql. Our study demonstrates the plasticity of adult Aleppo pine in this forest ecosystem in response to the concurrent environmental conditions. These findings are important in our efforts to predict and forecast responses of the species to projected climate variability and change in the region.

scholarly journals Sap flow, leaf-level gas exchange and spectral responses to drought in Pinus sylvestris, Pinus pinea and Pinus halepensis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Manzanera ◽  
A Gómez-Garay ◽  
B Pintos ◽  
M Rodríguez-Rastrero ◽  
E Moreda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Pinus Pinea ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Spectral Responses

Seedling Mortality in Regeneration of Aleppo Pine Following Fire and Attack by the Scale Insect Matsucoccus josephi

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Mendel ◽  
F Assael ◽  
N Saphir ◽  
A Zehavi ◽  
D Nestel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Aleppo Pine ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Matsucoccus Josephi ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Adult Trees

Mortality of Pinus halepensis seedlings was investigated in Israel during the first years of natural regeneration after fire, with special emphasis on the role of Matsucoccus josephi, drought and competition. The investigations were conducted in the native natural forest on Mt. Carmel, and in a plantation severely damaged by the scale insect at Horeshim in Samaria. M josephi was the dominant mortality agent during the first five years after regeneration, killing almost 73 % and 54% of the seedlings at Mt. Carmel and Horeshim, respectively. Neither injury nor mortality due to the scale insect was recorded during the first year after regeneration, but subsequently mortality occurred during the third and the fourth years. About 23% of the seedlings died due to drought, interspecific and intraspecific competition. Mortality due to other biotic agents, i.e., Hylastes linearis and Pityophthorus pubescens was practically nil. It is shown that resistance of regenerating population of native P. halepensis on Mt. Carmel to the scale did not differ significantly from that of regeneration of a planted Aleppo pine forest of unknown seed sources at Horeshim, despite differences in the level of injury to the adult trees on each site. Five years after natural seeding seedling density in scale-infested plots is high enough to ensure stand development. This second growth possibly displays lower susceptibility to M. josephi than the present adult population.

scholarly journals Effective Defense of Aleppo Pine Against the Giant Scale Marchalina hellenica Through Ecophysiological and Metabolic Changes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela N. Fotelli ◽  
Fani G. Lyrou ◽  
Dimitrios N. Avtzis ◽  
Daniel Maurer ◽  
Heinz Rennenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Aleppo Pine ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Marchalina Hellenica

Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) is widely distributed in the Mediterranean region and in other areas of the world, where it has been introduced due to its adaptive capacity to xerothermic conditions. The giant pine scale Marchalina hellenica often infests Aleppo pine, as well as other pines, in several southeastern European countries, causing pine declines. When combined with the expected intensified heat and drought events in eastern Mediterranean, the impact of this biotic parameter on the host pines may be exacerbated. The importance of understanding the defense mechanisms of Aleppo pine is emphasized by the recent invasion of the pine scale in new regions, like Australia, lacking the insect’s natural enemies, where more intense negative effects on pine species may occur. To date, Aleppo pine’s physiological responses to the infestation by M. hellenica are largely unknown. This study aimed at assessing the responses of Aleppo pine to the giant pine scale attack, both on an ecophysiological and a metabolic level. For this purpose, gas exchange, needle water status, and carbon and nitrogen content were measured during 1 year on healthy and infested adult trees. M etabolic profiling of Aleppo pine needles was also performed before, during, and after the high feeding activity of the insect. The maintenance of stable relative water content, δ13C signatures, and chlorophyll fluorescence in the needles of infested pines indicated that infestation did not induce drought stress to the host pines. At the peak of infestation, stomatal closure and a pronounced reduction in assimilation were observed and were associated with the accumulation of sugars in the needles, probably due to impaired phloem loading. At the end of the infestation period, tricarboxylic acids were induced and phenolic compounds were enhanced in the needles of infested pines. These metabolic responses, together with the recovery of photosynthesis after the end of M. hellenica intense feeding, indicate that in the studied region and under the current climate, Aleppo pine is resilient to the infestation by the giant pine scale. Future research should assess whether these promising defense mechanisms are also employed by other host pines, particularly in regions of the world recently invaded by the giant pine scale, as well as under more xerothermic regimes.

Ozone and drought stress: Interactive effects on gas exchange in Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.)

Chemosphere ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 685-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Inclán ◽  
R. Alonso ◽  
M. Pujadas ◽  
J. Terés ◽  
B.S. Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Aleppo Pine ◽  
Interactive Effects

Tree ring to climate relationships of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) in Greece

2001 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Papadopoulos ◽  
Françoise Serre-Bachet ◽  
Lucien Tessier
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Aleppo Pine

Ecological-Fishery Forecasting of Squid Stock Dynamics under Climate Variability and Change: Review, Challenges, and Recommendations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Hassan Moustahfid ◽  
Lisa C. Hendrickson ◽  
Alexander Arkhipkin ◽  
Graham J. Pierce ◽  
Avijit Gangopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Climate Variability And Change

scholarly journals Heatwave frequency and seedling death alter stress-specific emissions of volatile organic compounds in Aleppo pine

Oecologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Birami ◽  
Ines Bamberger ◽  
Andrea Ghirardo ◽  
Rüdiger Grote ◽  
Almut Arneth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Volatile Organic

AbstractBiogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) play important roles in plant stress responses and can serve as stress indicators. While the impacts of gradual environmental changes on BVOCs have been studied extensively, insights in emission responses to repeated stress and recovery are widely absent. Therefore, we studied the dynamics of shoot gas exchange and BVOC emissions in Pinus halepensis seedlings during an induced moderate drought, two four-day-long heatwaves, and the combination of drought and heatwaves. We found clear stress-specific responses of BVOC emissions. Reductions in acetone emissions with declining soil water content and transpiration stood out as a clear drought indicator. All other measured BVOC emissions responded exponentially to rising temperatures during heat stress (maximum of 43 °C), but monoterpenes and methyl salicylate showed a reduced temperature sensitivity during the second heatwave. We found that these decreases in monoterpene emissions between heatwaves were not reflected by similar declines in their internal storage pools. Because stress intensity was extremely severe, most of the seedlings in the heat-drought treatment died at the end of the second heatwave (dark respiration ceased). Interestingly, BVOC emissions (methanol, monoterpenes, methyl salicylate, and acetaldehyde) differed between dying and surviving seedlings, already well before indications of a reduced vitality became visible in gas exchange dynamics. In summary, we could clearly show that the dynamics of BVOC emissions are sensitive to stress type, stress frequency, and stress severity. Moreover, we found indications that stress-induced seedling mortality was preceded by altered methanol, monoterpene, and acetaldehyde emission dynamics.

Annual and intra-annual climate variability and change of the Volta Delta, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ayamga ◽  
Opoku Pabi ◽  
Barnabas A. Amisigo ◽  
Benedicta Y. Fosu-Mensah ◽  
Samuel Nii Ardey Codjoe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Climate Variability And Change
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