scholarly journals Impact of Common Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) on Scots Pine Forests—A Call for Action

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Szmidla ◽  
Miłosz Tkaczyk ◽  
Radosław Plewa ◽  
Grzegorz Tarwacki ◽  
Zbigniew Sierota
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Common mistletoe is increasingly mentioned as contributing not only to the decline of deciduous trees at roadside and in city parks, but to conifers in stands. The presence of Viscum in fir stands has been known for many years, but since 2015 has also been the cause of damage to pine. In 2019, mistletoe was observed on 77.5 thousand hectares of Scots pine stands in southern and central Poland. Drought resulting from global climate change is implicated as an important factor conducive to weakening trees and making them more susceptible to the spread of mistletoe and other pests. This paper presents an overview of the latest information on the development of this semi-parasitic plant in Poland, its impact on tree breeding traits and raw material losses, as well as current options for its prevention and eradication.

scholarly journals Forest site conditions and the threat for insect outbreaks in the Scots pine stands of Polissya

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-278
Author(s):  
Olena Andreieva ◽  
Anatoliy Goychuk
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Forest Enterprises ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

AbstractScots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most spread forest tree species in Polissya and the most damaged by foliage browsing and stem insects. The aim of this study was to reveal the changes in the distribution of different forest site conditions for 2010–2019 in Scots pine forests of the selected forestry enterprises of Polissya and possible consequences for the spread of foliage browsing insects. Database of Production Association ‘Ukrderzhlisproekt’ (by 2010 and 2019) was analysed for five State Forest Enterprises (FE) that are located in the Central (Zhytomyr Region) and Western (Rivne and Volyn Regions) Polissya, where the large scale outbreaks of stem pests were registered last decade.The types of forest site conditions were designated in accordance with the Ukrainian typology. Distribution of the forest area by trophotops and hygrotops was evaluated for the forest-covered area, for Scots pine stands, and for pure Scots pine stands in 2010 and in 2019.For 2010–2019, the area of all Scots pine forests and its proportion in the forest-covered area has significantly decreased in the most of analysed forest enterprises. The change for 2010–2019 in the distribution both by the tropho-tops and by hygrotops of the entire forest-covered area, the area of all Scots pine forests and pure pine forests is not statistically significant. However, in assessment year 2019, the proportion of stands in the moist types of forest site conditions slightly increased. It may be the result of the stands’ mortality in the driest sites after an outbreak of bark beetles. A greater decrease in the proportion of Scots pine forest area in the dry poor, fresh poor, and dry relatively poor forest site conditions was found in the western direction. Therefore, the noted decrease in the foci areas of foliage browsing insects in Polissya in 2010–2012 compared to the 2000–2002 could be associated with a decrease in the most preferred stands, namely the poorest and driest types of forest site conditions.

scholarly journals The Structure of Northern Siberian Spruce–Scots Pine Forests at Different Stages of Post-Fire Succession

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Stavrova ◽  
Vadim V. Gorshkov ◽  
Paul N. Katjutin ◽  
Irina Ju. Bakkal
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Dwarf Shrub ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Siberian Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

The process of post-fire recovery in mixed Siberian spruce–Scots pine forests (Picea obovata Ledeb.-Pinus sylvestris L.), typical for the European North-West, was studied in the Kola peninsula (Russia). We used the spatial–temporal approach to reveal the size structure (diameter at breast height (DBH) distribution) and vital state of Siberian spruce and Scots pine stands, tree regeneration and species structure of the dwarf shrub–herb and lichen–moss layers at different stages of post-fire succession (8–380 years after the fire). It was found that in both forest-forming species, the process of stand stratification results in the allocation of two size groups of trees. In Siberian spruce, these groups persist throughout the succession. In Scots pine, DBH distributions become more homogeneous at the middle of succession (150–200 years after the fire) due to the extinction of small-size individuals. Siberian spruce stands are dominated by moderately and strongly weakened trees at all succession stages. The vitality status of Scots pine stands is higher compared to Siberian spruce up to 150 years after a fire. The dynamics of regeneration activity is similar in both species, with a minimum at the middle of the restoration period. The results indicate that in Siberian spruce–Scots pine forests, the stand structure and regeneration activity differs substantially in the first half of succession (up to 200 years after the fire) and become similar in the late-succession community. The study of lower layers revealed that the cover of moss–lichen and dwarf shrub–herb layers stabilize 150 years after a fire. Changes in species structure in both layers are observed until the late stage of succession. The originality of the structure and dynamics of mixed Siberian spruce–Scots pine forests is revealed based on a comparison with pure Siberian spruce forests in the same region.

Baumartenwechsel in den Walliser Waldföhrenwäldern verstärkt nach grossen Störungen

2018 ◽  
Vol 169 (5) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wohlgemuth ◽  
Violette Doublet ◽  
Cynthia Nussbaumer ◽  
Linda Feichtinger ◽  
Andreas Rigling
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vegetation Shift ◽  
Tree Demography ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
High Share

Vegetation shift in Scots pine forests in the Valais accelerated by large disturbances In the past dozen years, several studies have concluded a vegetation shift from Scots pine to oak (pubescent and sessile) forests in the low elevated zones of the Valais. It is, however, not fully clear in which way such a vegetation shift actually occurs and on which processes such a shift would be based. Two studies, one on the tree demography in the intact Pfynwald and the other on the tree regeneration on the large Leuk forest fire patch, serve to discuss different aspects of the shift from Scots pine to oak. The forest stands of Pfynwald consist of 67% Scots pines and 14% oaks. Regenerating trees are 2–3.5 times more frequent in small gaps than under canopy. In gaps of the Upper Pfynwald, seedlings and saplings of Scots pine are three times more abundant than oaks, while both species regenerate in similar quantities under canopy. In the Lower Pfynwald, young oaks – especially seedlings – are more frequent than Scots pines. A different process is going on at the lower part in the Leuk forest fire patch where Scots pines prevailed before the burn of 2003. While Scots pines regenerate exclusively close to the edge of the intact forest, oaks not only resprout from trunk but also profit from unlimited spreading of their seeds by the Eurasian jay. Regeneration from seeds are hence observed in the whole studied area, independent of the proximity of seed trees. After the large fire disturbance, a mixed forests with a high share of oaks is establishing, which translates to a rapid vegetation shift. The two trajectories are discussed in the light of climate change.

An analysis of a spontaneous ingrowth of deciduous trees in 70 year old stands of Scots pine

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lust
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Spontaneous Regeneration ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

In 70  years old homogeneous Scots pine stands, bordered by a hardwood belt, an  analysis was made about the spontaneous ingrowth of natural seedlings. The  analysis involved especially the following points: species and stem number,  influence of the hardwood belts, diameter and height distribution, age,  growth and structure. From the age of 30 years, a spontaneous regeneration of  hardwoods established in Scots pine stands. There are on average 7,000 plants  per ha, 80 % of which are black cherry and another fair number are red oak  and pedunculate oak. The regeneration has an average age of 25 to 30 years,  it is uneven aged, contains several diameter and height classes and has  already partially penetrated the upper stratum.     The spontaneous ingrowth allows to convert in a simple way the homogeneous  coniferous stands into mixed hardwood stands.

Tree height as the main factor causing disappearance of the terricolous lichens in the lichen Scots pine forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
pp. 144834
Author(s):  
Michał H. Węgrzyn ◽  
Patrycja Fałowska ◽  
Joanna Kołodziejczyk ◽  
Karima Alzayany ◽  
Piotr Wężyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
Terricolous Lichens ◽  
Main Factor

Compartmentalized and contrasted response of ectomycorrhizal and soil fungal communities of Scots pine forests along elevation gradients in France and Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 3009-3024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rincón ◽  
Blanca Santamaría-Pérez ◽  
Sonia G. Rabasa ◽  
Aurore Coince ◽  
Benoit Marçais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Scots Pine Forests

scholarly journals Bestandesdynamik zentralalpiner Waldföhrenwälder aufgezeigt anhand dendroökologischer Fallstudien aus dem Wallis, Schweiz | Stand dynamics of central alpine Scots pine using dendroecological case studies from Valais, Switzerland

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 178-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Rigling ◽  
Pascale Weber ◽  
Paolo Cherubini ◽  
Matthias Dobbertin
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Dynamics ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Development History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the use of dendroecological methods to analyse the various processes involved in forest dynamics. Using dendroecological case studies of the Scots pine forests of Valais (Switzerland) as an example we discuss the most relevant processes of forest dynamics and their consequences on stand structures and mortality rates. We focus on the development history of these Scots pine forests under human impact and on the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on tree growth. Most of today's extended Scots pine forests (< 1500 m a.s.l.)must be interpreted as part of an ongoing natural succession under heavy human influence. In time, without management or natural disturbances, most of these pine forests will develop into broadleaved forests (lower altitudes) or spruce-firforests(higher altitudes).

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