scholarly journals Consumption Performance of Five Detritivore Species Feeding on Alnus glutinosa L. Leaf Litter in a Microcosm Experiment

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud M. Ardestani ◽  
Vladimír Šustr ◽  
Jan Frouz
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Porcellio Scaber ◽  
Leaf Consumption ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Consumption Rates

The present study was performed to assess the feeding performance of five detritivore species in a microcosm design. The test animals were four millipede species, Telodeinopus aoutii (Demange), Epibolus pulchripes (Gerstäcker), Cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus (Wood), Glomeris hexasticha (Brandt), and one isopod species, Porcellio scaber (Latreille), all feeding on Alnus glutinosa L. leaf litter for five consecutive weeks. At the end of each one-week interval, litter consumption, animal fresh weight, and excrement production were measured. Then, the feeding activity parameters for each species were calculated. Between big-size animal species, higher leaf consumption rates of 12.3–30.9 mg dry weight day−1 individual−1 were calculated for T. aoutii compared to those of 3.72–8.25 mg dry weight day−1 individual−1 for E. pulchripes. However, there was no difference in the consumption rates among small-size animals ranging from 0.46 to 1.65 mg dry weight day−1 individual−1. Excrement production rates followed a similar trend, as the consumption rates and the animals’ body weight remained constant during the experiment. Time was an important factor influencing the feeding activity of the animals, especially for the big-size group. Overall, the average assimilation efficiency of these species varied from 13.7% to 53.3%. The results of the present work will be the first step for understanding the ecological needs of these decomposer species in soil ecosystems.

scholarly journals Leaf litter as a possible food source for chironomids (Diptera) in Brazilian and Portuguese headwater streams

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Callisto ◽  
José F. Gonçalves Jr ◽  
Manuel A. S. Graça
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Chironomid Species ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Potential Use

Our objective was to evaluate the potential use of leaf detritus by chironomid larvae. Field and laboratory experiments were performed using leaves and chironomid species collected in Portugal and Brazil. Laboratory experiments under controlled conditions were done using microbial conditioned senescent leaves of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn, Neriumoleander L., Protium heptaphilum (Aubl.) March, Protium brasiliense (Spreng) Engl., Myrcia guyanensis(Aubl.) DC and Miconia chartacea Triana. Laboratory experiments were performed using specimens collected from leaf litter in local streams. Whenever possible, after the experiments, chironomids were allowed to emerge as adults and identified. In Portugal the following taxa were identified: Micropsectra apposita (Walker, 1856), Polypedilum albicorne (Meigen, 1838),Eukiefferiella claripennis Lundbeck (1898), Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) atripes Rempel (1937) and Ablabesmyia Johannsen (1905) (Diptera, Chironomidae). Consumption rates ranged from 0.15 ± 0.10 mg (AFDM) of leaf animal-1 day-1 (Micropsectra apposita feeding on Alnus glutinosa) up to 0.85 ± 0.33 mg (AFDM) of leaf animal-1 day-1 (Polypedilum albicorne feeding on Miconia chartacea). In Brazil, the following taxa were identified from leaves: Phaenopsectra sp., Chironomus spp. and Polypedilum sp. and maximum consumption rates reached 0.47 ± 0.28 (AFDM) of leaf mg.animal-1.day-1 (Chironomus Meigen (1803) feeding on Protium heptaphilum). Feeding experiments with laboratory cultured specimens, revealed that some chironomids were unable to feed on decomposing leaves (e.g., C. xanthus Rempel (1939) on P.brasiliensis and M.guyanensis). Our results suggest that some stream chironomids (not typical shredders) can use leaf litter of riparian vegetation as a complementary food source.

scholarly journals An assemblage of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea) in southern Brazil and its contribution to leaf litter processing

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline F. Quadros ◽  
Paula B. Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Terrestrial Isopods ◽  
Species Association ◽  
Litter Processing ◽  
Leaf Litter Processing ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Aggregated Distribution ◽  
One Year

We present an assemblage of terrestrial isopods in Parque Estadual de Itapuã, southern Brazil, and estimate the contribution of two species to the leaf litter processing. After one year of sampling, we obtained 3748 individuals of six species and four eco-morphologic groups (in order of abundance): Balloniscus glaber Araujo & Zardo, 1995, Atlantoscia floridana (van Name, 1940), Pseudodiploexochus tabularis (Giambiagi de Calabrese, 1939), Trichorhina sp., Alboscia itapuensis Araujo & Quadros, 2005 and Novamundoniscus gracilis Lopes & Araujo, 2003. Total monthly density corresponded to 368 individuals per square meter. The species A. itapuensis and N. gracilis represented less than 1% of total individuals. All the others showed aggregated distribution. Atlantoscia floridana and B. glaber had the highest proportion of individuals occurring together (88%) and a significant species association. Their monthly biomass averaged 4.92 kg ha-1 for B. glaber and 0.97 kg ha-1 for A. floridana. Consumption rates, obtained in the lab (in mg mg-1 day-1) were 0.34 ± 0.04 and 0.70 ± 0.18 for B. glaber and A. floridana, respectively and assimilation efficiency was about 30%. We estimated that both species together could process 860 kg leaves ha-1 year-1.

Cereal Consumption, Production, and Prices in West Pakistan (Notes & Comments)

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Hufbauer
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Early Settlement ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Better Than

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, several Punjab Settlement Officers attempted to estimate food consumption rates. These estimates, based on direct observation and ad hoc guesses, were made partly out of academic curiosity, but more urgently, as an aid in establishing the land revenue (i.e., tax) rates. The pre-1926 estimates are summarized in Table I, expressed in pounds of wheat and other foodgrain consumption per person per year1. Broadly speaking, the later, more systemtic observers (e.g., Sir Ganga Ram and C. B. Barry), found lower consumption levels than the earlier observers. It was generally accepted that the rural populace ate better than urban dwellers. Despite the ingenuity of the early Settlement Officers, their compiled estimates suffer from all the difficulties of haphazard small sample observation. Given the revenue purpose of the estimates, they may be biased towards the able-bodied, economically active, population. Further, the very early estimates may have confused dry weight with cooked weight, including water.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF ROSE WOOD, GUAVA, EUCALYPTUS, SACRED FIG AND JAMAN LEAF LITTER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT ( Triticum aestivum L.) IN A WHEAT-BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. IQBAL ◽  
H.A. RAUF ◽  
A.N. SHAH ◽  
B. SHAHZAD ◽  
M.A Bukhari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

ABSTRACT Selection of tree species under agroforestry systems is crucial to sustain the productivity of a crop. In present study, allelopathic effects of the leaf litters of 5 trees named Rose wood (Dalbergia sissoo), Guava (Pisidium guajava), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Sacred fig (Ficus religiosa) and Jaman (Syzygium cumini) species on wheat growth and yield was examined. Leaf litter of each tress species was mixed in soil with two doses @ 100 and 200 g of leaves of each species per pot. Higher shoot length, shoot dry weight, number of spikelets per spike and biological yield were recorded in 200 g sun dried Jaman (Syzygium cumini) leaves. Total number of tillers per plant and number of ears per plant were higher under the application of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves (200 g sun dried) as compared to other treatments. Spike length, grain yield per pot, number of grains per pot and harvest index were maximum in 200 g sun-dried Sacred fig (Ficu sreligiosa) leaves. Majority of the parameters were promoted at lower doses of leaves per pot, however, at higher doses they started inhibiting the growth and grain yield of wheat.

scholarly journals Natural abundance of 13C in leaf litter as related to feeding activity of soil invertebrates and microbial mineralisation

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1793-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana S̆antrůc̆ková ◽  
M.I. Bird ◽  
J. Frouz ◽  
V. S̆ustr ◽  
K. Tajovský
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Soil Invertebrates ◽  
Natural Abundance

The Relation of Oxygen Consumption to Body Size and to Temperature in the Larvae of Chironomus Riparius Meigen

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-395
Author(s):  
R. W. EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chironomus Riparius ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wet Weight

1. The oxygen consumption rates of 3rd- and 4th-instar larvae of Chironomus riparius have been measured at 10 and 20° C. using a constant-volume respirometer. 2. The oxygen consumption is approximately proportional to the 0.7 power of the dry weight: it is not proportional to the estimated surface area. 3. This relationship between oxygen consumption and dry weight is the same at 10 and at 20° C.. 4. The rate of oxygen consumption at 20° C. is greater than at 10° C. by a factor of 2.6. 5. During growth the percentage of dry matter of 4th-instar larvae increases from 10 to 16 and the specific gravity from 1.030 to 1.043. 6. The change in the dry weight/wet weight ratio during the 4 larval instar supports the theory of heterauxesis. 7. At 20° C., ‘summer’ larvae respire faster than ‘winter’ larvae.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KONSENTRASI MINYAK KEMIRI SUNAN (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) TERHADAP LARVA Crocidolomia binotalis Zell. (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) HAMA PADA TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yenny Muliani ◽  
Erry Mustariani ◽  
Rahmat Wahid Ramdyan
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Hazelnut Oil ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Crocidolomia Binotalis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control

ABSTRAKKemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) dikenal sebagai tumbuhan yang berperan sebagai pestisida nabati yang belum banyak diketahui keampuhannya, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengujian untuk memperoleh informasi tentang keampuhan dari tumbuhan ini. Pengujian efektivitasnya dilakukan terhadap larva Crocidolomia binotalis Zell. penyebab kerusakan pada tanaman sawi. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Vertebrata, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, berlangsung dari Maret sampai Mei 2019. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan meliputi minyak kemiri sunan dengan konsentrasi 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1.25% dan kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan minyak kemiri sunan berpengaruh terhadap larva Crocidolomia binotalis. Konsentrasi 10% dapat mengakibatkan mortalitas paling tinggi sebesar 100% pada 7 HSA. Selain toksik, minyak kemiri sunan juga dapat memperpanjang lama perkembangan larva, menghambat aktivitas makan (antifeedant), serta menurunkan berat kering larva dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Minyak kemiri sunan berpotensi sebagai alternatif pengendali hama yang ramah lingkungan karena dapat berperan sebagai pestisida nabatiKata kunci: Kemiri sunan, Crocidolomia binotalis, Pestisida nabatiABSTRACTReutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw is know as a plant that acts as a vegetable pesticide that is not yet widely known for its efficacy, so testing is needed to obtain information about the efficacy of this plant. Effectiveness testing is carried out on Crocidolomia binotalis Zell. larvae causing damage to oil palm plants. The experiment was carried out in the vertebrate laboratory, the deparment of pest and plant diseases, the faculty of agriculture, the university Padjadjaran, taking place from March-May 2019. The experiment used the randomized design complete with 5 treatments and 5 replication. The treatments included oil Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw with a concentration 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1.25% and control. The result hazelnut oil affected the larva Crocidolomia binotalis Zell. 10% concentration can cause the highest mortality of 100% at 7 HAS. In addition to toxic, hazelnut oil prolong the development of larvae, inhibit feeding activity, and reduce the dry weight of larvae compared to controls. Hazelnut oil has potential as an alternative as an a alternative pest control that is environmentally friendly because it can act as a botanical pesticide.Keywords : Reutealis trisperma, Crocidolomia binotalis, Botanical pesticide

scholarly journals Mercury bioaccumulation increases with latitude in a coastal marine fish (Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1009-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Baumann ◽  
Robert P. Mason ◽  
David O. Conover ◽  
Prentiss Balcom ◽  
Celia Y. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Menidia Menidia ◽  
Atlantic Silverside ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Latitudinal Patterns

Human exposure to the neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) occurs primarily via the consumption of marine fish, but the processes underlying large-scale spatial variations in fish MeHg concentrations [MeHg], which influence human exposure, are not sufficiently understood. We used the Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia), an extensively studied model species and important forage fish, to examine latitudinal patterns in total mercury (Hg) [Hg] and [MeHg]. Both [Hg] and [MeHg] significantly increased with latitude (0.014 and 0.048 μg MeHg·g dry weight−1 per degree of latitude in juveniles and adults, respectively). Four known latitudinal trends in silverside traits help explain these patterns: latitudinal increase in MeHg assimilation efficiency, latitudinal decrease in MeHg efflux, latitudinal increase in weight loss due to longer and more severe winters, and latitudinal increase in food consumption as an adaptation to decreasing length of the growing season. Given the absence of a latitudinal pattern in particulate MeHg, a diet proxy for zooplanktivorous fish, we conclude that large-scale spatial variation in growth is the primary control of Hg bioaccumulation in this and potentially other fish species.

scholarly journals Internalization of Consumed Nanoparticles by a Model Invertebrate Organism

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Novak ◽  
Damjana Drobne ◽  
Janez Valant ◽  
Primož Pelicon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Porcellio Scaber ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Toxic Potential ◽  
Invertebrate Organism ◽  
Ingested Nanoparticles

There is littlein vivodata concerning the fate of ingested TiO2nanoparticles (nano-TiO2). We report here experiments aimed at assessing if ingested nano-TiO2accumulates in the digestive gland epithelium or are internalized elsewhere in the body of the terrestrial isopod crustaceans. The animals (Porcellio scaber, Isopoda, Crustacea) fed for 3, 7, or 14 days on food dosed with 100 or 1000 μg nano-TiO2showed no evidence of internalization of Ti measured by microparticle-induced X-ray emission method. The effect of ingested nanoparticles was measured by conventional toxicity measures such as feeding rate, weight change, and mortality and did not indicate any toxicity. However, cell membrane of digestive glands, measured with a modified method for assessing cell membrane stability, was affected already after 3 days of exposure to 1000 μg nano-TiO2per gram dry weight of food indicating cytotoxic potential of ingested nanoparticles. Our results confirmed hypothesis on low toxic potential and no internalization of consumed TiO2nanoparticles by a model invertebrate organism. However, cytological marker unequivocally indicated adverse effect of ingested nano-TiO2. We conclude that the isopod model system could be used for studying the fate and effect of ingested nanoparticles.

Der Sauerstoffverbrauch und der Gehalt an Ca, Cu und einigen anderen Spurenelementen bei terrestrischen Asseln

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 816-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Wieser
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Porcellio Scaber ◽  
High Copper ◽  
High Copper Content

The oxygen consumption and the content of Ca, Cu, K, Sr, Zn, Fe, P and Mg was determined in several terrestric isopods. Porcellio scaber, Syspastus brevicornis and the three species of Armadillidium investigated display significant differences in their calcium contents and there is an inverse relationship between the latter and the oxygen consumption of the animals at 20 °C. The Qo2 of S. brevicornis is 13 ± 3.5 mm3/g/hr, the lowest ever recorded for a crustacean at 20 °C. The copper content of the isopods is high and suggests the presence of hemocyanin. It is highest in a population of P. scaber from Cornwall, England, where it amounts to approximately 0,1% of the dry weight of the animals. Most of the copper is present in the four hepatic tubules (hepatopancreas) which, in one sample from the population mentioned above, contained 1.4% copper, the highest value ever found in an invertebrate. The Qo2 of animals with more or less filled gut seems to be higher in the population with the high copper content, whereas in animals with half empty or empty gut the oxygen consumption is the same in the three populations of P. scaber studied.

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