scholarly journals To Plant or Not to Plant, That Is the Question: Reforestation vs. Natural Regeneration of Hurricane-Disturbed Mangrove Forests in Guanaja (Honduras)

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1068
Author(s):  
Thomas Fickert
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Hurricane Mitch ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Regeneration Processes

Background and Objectives: Mangrove forests offer many essential ecosystem services, including the protection of (sub)tropical coastlines, their inhabitants, and the infrastructure from severe storms and tsunamis. However, mangroves themselves suffer severely from such phenomena. After such events, reforestation efforts are widely undertaken to facilitate the recovery of the mangroves. Many of these laborious activities, however, fail for a number of reasons. Material and Methods: In October 1998, the Honduran Island of Guanaja was severely hit by Hurricane Mitch, and, after the storm, almost all of the mangrove forests (97%) were rated as dead. Seven years after Mitch, a longterm survey on the regeneration of the mangroves started. Field samplings in six variably disturbed mangrove zones was conducted in 2005, 2009, and 2016. Along permanent line-transects, all living plant species were recorded for statistical analyses and for quantifying progress. In this paper, the focus is on the three most severely hit areas. In two of them, planting efforts were carried out while the third one was left to regenerate naturally. This setting allowed a direct comparison between natural and human-assisted regeneration processes under otherwise similar conditions and equally severe previous disturbance. Results: Reforestation measures were characterized by high mortality rates of Rhizophora mangle L. propagules planted predominantly. Some, however, surely survived and might have contributed to regeneration after the disturbance. In 2016, roughly two decades after Hurricane Mitch, low-growing Rhizophora mangle forests, with high ground cover, were found. Surprisingly, the area without any planting also witnessed similar mangrove rejuvenation in the same period. Conclusion: Findings on the recovering mangroves in Guanaja confirm the lessons learned from other mangrove rehabilitation measures: planting mostly fails and commonly does not accelerate the revegetation of disturbed forests. In naturally regenerating forests, recolonization may occur after a certain time-lag only if few diaspore sources survived in the surrounding; as soon as established mangrove plants bear propagules, a quick return to viable forests takes place, proving the high resilience of these coastal ecosystems.

115 An Audit on Dexamethasone Prescribing Practice on Surgically Managed Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression Patients in the Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences: Lessons Learned in Closing the Loop

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Laurente ◽  
R Mohammed ◽  
M Elmalky
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prescribing Practice ◽  
Closing The Loop ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression is a surgical emergency owing to its propensity to cause significant morbidity and mortality. Dexamethasone is prescribed to reduce oedema and promote vascular membrane stabilization. The is done so until a more definitive management has been performed. This is a retrospective study evaluating the steroid-prescribing practice for MSCC patients in 2018 at a tertiary spinal unit in Greater Manchester. Thirty-three patients who underwent stabilisation were evaluated in terms of both steroid prescribing and weaning practices. Standards used against for both were the NICE guidelines and the Edinburgh/Christie’s guidelines. Of the 33 patients evaluated, only 1 patient received the correct loading dose of 16mg, whilst 27 went straight to being given 8mg BD. 5 did not receive dexamethasone at all. In terms of discontinuation/weaning, 26 were weaned accordingly and 2 were not weaned to continue as adjuvant treatment. Dexamethasone prescribing practises has since improved over the past two years. 93% of the patients have been correctly weaned as compared to 38% in the past. In terms of prescription, much needs to be done as almost all the patients evaluated did not get the correct loading dose despite receiving the appropriate maintenance.

Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Pasiecznik
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Actual Risk ◽  
Invasive Spread ◽  
Almost All

Abstract O. ficus-indica is highly valued as a fruit-producing cactus, also yielding 'leaves' that are used as a vegetable and browsed by livestock. It has been introduced widely from its native Mexico to almost all countries where the climate is suitable. The fruit is very rich in vitamin C and is exploited commercially in many areas. Many countries, especially in Asia, have recently established large-scale commercial plantations. However, O. ficus-indica, like several other species of Opuntia, have been known to spread and become invasive weeds. Historical records, however, appear to indicate a time-lag of about 100 years between introduction and the beginnings of invasive spread thus the actual risk may be low.

scholarly journals Reptile smuggling is predicted by trends in the legal exotic pet trade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Stringham ◽  
Pablo García‐Díaz ◽  
Adam Toomes ◽  
Lewis Mitchell ◽  
Joshua V. Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
The Us ◽  
Disease Risks ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Species Being

Western countries are less frequently implicated in illegal wildlife trade (IWT), contrasted with other transnational consumers, yet substantial evidence suggests that they contribute prominently. Live animal smuggling presents a suite of biosecurity concerns, including invasive species and disease risks. Here, we compared the live alien reptile species smuggled to Australia (75 species) to the legal trade of live reptile species in the United States (US) and constructed a Bayesian regularized model to predict the species most likely to be of greatest future smuggling risk to Australia. Australia has particularly strict import laws barring the entry and keeping of alien reptiles and maintains detailed biosecurity seizure records. Almost all smuggled reptile species were found in the legal US exotic pet market (98.6%), and we observed an average time lag of 4.2 years between a species first appearing in the US market and its subsequent detection in Australia. A species popularity in US pet stores, popularity on international online markets, and the number of years in US import-export records were all positively associated with the probability of species being smuggled to Australia. Our predictive model provides a much-needed early-warning guide for future biosecurity enforcement of the IWT and provides a framework for anticipating future trends in wildlife smuggling.

Lessons Learned in Providing Claims-Based Data to Participants in Health Care Innovation Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-242
Author(s):  
Martin F. Cohen ◽  
Sarah M. Irie ◽  
C. Allison Russo ◽  
Veronika Pav ◽  
Shannon L. O’Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Robust Learning ◽  
Innovation Model ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Health Care Innovation ◽  
Care Innovation ◽  
Source Of Information

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has been providing data to organizations participating in a range of innovation models to help them implement interventions and to provide feedback on performance. The authors studied 18 CMS models to gain a better understanding of factors contributing to model participants’ use or nonuse of CMS-provided data. Factors that contribute to greater use include providing data that participants view as actionable, some type of accountability for performance, robust learning support, participants having resources to work with the data, and soliciting ongoing feedback about the data and related learning needs. Factors that discourage data uptake include time lag, lack of aggregated multi-payer data, exclusion of data for sensitive diagnoses, and small sample sizes. Claims-based data from payers can be an important source of information to innovation model participants. Lessons from this study can increase the usefulness of such data.

scholarly journals Fitossociologia de manguezais em zonas urbanas: um estudo de caso em Aracaju, Sergipe

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2103
Author(s):  
Jose Paulo Santana ◽  
Eduardo Vinícius Da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Túlio Vinícius Paes Dantas ◽  
Myrna Friederichs Landim ◽  
Patrício Adriano da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Laguncularia Racemosa ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Conocarpus Erectus ◽  
Avicennia Schaueriana

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a composição florística e a estrutura fitossociológica dos bosques de manguezais de áreas urbanas em Aracaju, estado de Sergipe, com diferentes tempos de regeneração e intensidades de impacto antrópico. Para o levantamento fitossociológico, foi adotado o método de parcelas múltiplas, sendo seis ou sete parcelas distribuídas equitativamente em dois transectos paralelos em quatro bosques de manguezais nos bairros 13 de julho, Porto Dantas, São Conrado e Mosqueiro. Destes, somente o bosque do Mosqueiro não apresentava tensores antrópicos contínuos como descarga de esgotos domésticos, retirada de madeira ou contribuição alóctone de sedimento. Para caracterizar a estrutura dos manguezais foram calculados os parâmetros densidade, frequência, dominância e o índice de valor de importância de cada espécie. Procedeu-se com a comparação estatística entre os bosques avaliados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis quanto a densidade geral e por espécie, diâmetro e altura geral dos indivíduos. Foram identificadas quatro espécies: Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia schaueriana, Rhizophora mangle e Conocarpus erectus, que apresentaram diferenças de abundância e dominância entre os bosques analisados. De maneira geral, L. racemosa foi à espécie mais abundante e dominante nos bosques mais impactados, porém no bosque do Mosqueiro, R. mangle foi a mais dominante. Não houve diferenças significativas na densidade, diâmetro e altura geral dos indivíduos, porém a densidade de A. schaueriana e R. mangle diferiu entre os bosques. Em relação à altura, os bosques da 13 de julho e São Conrado apresentaram os maiores valores, ainda que possuíssem o menor tempo de regeneração pós-distúrbios.Phytosociology of mangroves in urban areas: a case study in Aracaju city, Sergipe stateA B S T R A C TThe aim of this paper was to compare the floristic composition and the phytosociological structure of the mangrove forests in urban areas with different levels of regeneration and intensities of anthropic impact. The study was performed in the municipality of Aracaju, Sergipe state, Brazil Northeast. For the phytosociological survey, the multiple plots method was adopted; so six or seven plots were equally distributed in two parallel transects in four mangrove forests in the neighborhoods 13 de Julho, Porto Dantas, São Conrado and Mosqueiro. Of these, only the Mosqueiro mangrove did not have continuous anthropic tensors such as discharge of domestic sewage, removal of wood or allochthonous contribution of sediment. To characterize the structure of the mangroves, the parameters density, frequency, dominance and the importance value index for each species were calculated. Statistical comparison was made among the mangroves evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test between general density and by species, diameter and general height of individuals. Four species were identified: Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia schaueriana, Rhizophora mangle and Conocarpus erectus, which showed differences in abundance and dominance between the mangroves evaluated. In general, L. racemosa was the most abundant and dominant species in the most impacted mangrove, but in the Mosqueiro mangrove, R. mangle was more dominant. There were no significant differences in the density, diameter and general height of the individuals; however the density of A. schaueriana and R. mangle differed between mangroves. In relation to height, the forests of 13 de Julho and São Conrado presented the highest values, even though they had the shortest time of regeneration after disturbances.Keywords: ecotone, mangrove, forest structure, coastal zone, Brazil northeast.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG RANGKONG (Bucerotidae) DI STASIUN PENELITIAN WAY CANGUK TAMAN NASIONAL BUKIT BARISAN SELATAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarpin Pratama ◽  
Agus Setiawan ◽  
Sugeng Prayitno Harianto ◽  
Nuning Nurcahyani
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Index Formula ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Almost All

The rise of hornbill hunting and deforestation that occurred in Indonesia, especially the island of Sumatra lately, threatening the preservation of these birds in nature. The purpose of this study was to determine thediversity of hornbill species in the Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. The method used in this study is a transect line with a total of 18 line transects. The data obtained was processed using the Shanon wienners diversity index formula, then translated with descriptive analysis. A total of 5 types of hornbills found in these locations are rhinoceros hornbills (Buceros rhinoceros), helmeted hornbills (Rhinoplax vigil), wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus), bushy crested hornbill (Anorrhinus galeritus) and white crowned hornbill (Berenicornis comatus), with a species diversity index value of 1.00 included in the low category and the evenness of the species is a stable with an evenness index value of 0.62. The highest abundance of hornbills is (Anorrhinus galeritus) a beside that hornbills can be found in almost all transect lines.

scholarly journals Variação temporal do Vento e sua interação com a produção de Serapilheira em Manguezal da Amazônia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2204
Author(s):  
Hyago Elias Nascimento Souza ◽  
Maria Isabel Vitorino ◽  
Steel Silva Vasconcelos ◽  
Eduardo Ribeiro Marinho ◽  
Carlos José Capela Bispo
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Laguncularia Racemosa ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Temporal Space ◽  
Litterfall Production ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
Space Production

O vento é um fator que pode influenciar nos processos ecossistêmicos das florestas, principalmente em regiões costeiras onde sua maior atuação pode contribuir na produção de serapilheira em florestas de mangue. Nesse sentido, foi caracterizada a variação temporal da direção e velocidade do vento e sua influência na produção espaço-temporal da serapilheira em um manguezal da costa amazônica. Foram utilizadas 3 parcelas amostrais com 4 coletores de serapilheira de 1 m2 para coletas mensais. A serapilheira foi classificada nas frações folha, lenhoso e material reprodutivo (flor, fruto, propágulos + estípula). Foi realizado levantamento estrutural do mangue. Foram utilizados dados de velocidade e direção do vento da Torre Micrometeorológica da UFRA. Para avaliar a variabilidade de serapilheira ao longo do tempo e espaço em relação a velocidade do vento, foi aplicado a Análise Fatorial em Componentes Principais (ACP). A distribuição mensal de direção do vento mostrou predominância no setor leste (E) e a frequência de ventos com maior velocidade foram registrados no segundo semestre. Foram identificadas três espécies de mangue Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans e Laguncularia racemosa. A ACP mostrou em 4 componentes correlação negativa com material reprodutivo e correlação positiva com lenhoso associado a variação temporal do vento. Para folha a correlação não apresentou significância estando a produção desta fração sujeita a outras variáveis meteorológicas. Contudo, o vento não apresentou influência direta na produção de serapilheira, porém sua atuação associada a sistemas precipitantes podem contribuir de forma significativa para intensificar a produção.  Wind temporal variation and Litterfall production interaction in Mangrove of the Amazon  A B S T R A C TWind is a factor that can influence the ecosystem processes of forests, mainly in coastal regions where their greater performance can contribute to the production production of litterfall in mangrove forests. Was characterized the temporal variation of the direction and wind speed and its influence on the temporal space production of the litterfall  in a mangrove of the Amazon coast. Were used 3 plots and 4 traps with 1 m2 for monthly collections. The litterfall was classified in the fractions leaf, wood and reproductive material (flower, fruit, propagules + stipules). Was a structural survey of the mangrove. Direction and wind speed data were used for the Micrometeorological Tower of UFRA. To evaluate the litterfall variability over time and space in relation to wind speed, the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was applied. The monthly distribution of wind direction showed predominance in the eastern (E), frequency of winds with higher velocity were recorded in the second semester. In the studied plots three species Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa occurred. The PCA shows in 4 components negative correlation with reproductive material and positive correlation with wood associated with the temporal variation of wind. Leaf, the correlation did not present significant being the production of this fraction subject to other meteorological variables. However, the wind had no direct influence on litterfall production, but its performance associated with rainfall systems can contribute significantly to intensify production.Keywords: Wind; Litterfall; Mangrove; Amazon Coast.

scholarly journals Mosquitofish avoid thermal stress by moving from open water to the shade of the mangrove Rhizophora mangle

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
IW Hendy ◽  
O Burt ◽  
S Clough ◽  
L Young ◽  
SM Cragg
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Ocean Water ◽  
Mature Adults ◽  
Large Numbers

Mangrove trees provide environmental buffering for animals by reducing daytime water thermal maxima. Shade from Rhizophora mangle trees reduces thermal stress for the mosquitofish Gambusia affinis. Data were collected from mangrove forests in Quintana Roo, Mexico, at 2 sites: (1) Soliman Bay, a mangrove forest decoupled from direct ocean water, and (2) La Lunita with semi-direct access to ocean water. During cooler morning hours at Soliman Bay, large numbers of mosquitofish foraged in open channels. At the same time, few mosquitofish utilised shaded areas within the R. mangle prop roots. When channels exceeded water temperatures above 38°C, mosquitofish migrated into the shaded areas provided by R. mangle trees. Channel water reached a daytime maximum temperature of 46°C, while daytime-shaded R. mangle areas remained 6.2°C cooler. Temperature rise and abundance shifts were not found in La Lunita, which has water temperatures of 27 to 28°C throughout the day. Size distributions between both localities showed mosquitofish caught in Soliman Bay to be >10% smaller than the mosquitofish from La Lunita, which had a greater abundance of mature adults. In Soliman Bay, mosquitofish were small, and the thermal stresses may impose serious developmental impacts that would be reduced by occupying water shaded by R. mangle. Refuge from R. mangle provides environmental buffering for fish, and future increasing water temperatures may reveal a greater use of this little-known mechanism. This study provides an example of a mechanism whereby mangroves support intertidal biodiversity through environmental buffering.

scholarly journals Trends and Characteristics of CDC Global Rapid Response Team Deployments—A 6-Month Report, October 2018–March 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-312
Author(s):  
Amen Ben Hamida ◽  
Dante Bugli ◽  
Adela Hoffman ◽  
Ashley L. Greiner ◽  
Danny Harley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Response Team ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Rapid Response Teams ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Almost All

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Global Rapid Response Team (GRRT) was launched in June 2015 to strengthen the capacity for international response and to provide an agency-wide roster of qualified surge-staff members who can deploy on short notice and for long durations. To assess GRRT performance and inform future needs for CDC and partners using rapid response teams, we analyzed trends and characteristics of GRRT responses and responders, for deployments of at least 1 day during October 1, 2018, through March 31, 2019. One hundred twenty deployments occurred during the study period, corresponding to 2645 person-days. The median deployment duration was 19 days (interquartile range, 5-30 days). Most deployments were related to emergency response (n = 2367 person-days, 90%); outbreaks of disease accounted for almost all deployment time (n = 2419 person-days, 99%). Most deployments were to Africa (n = 1417 person-days, 54%), and epidemiologists were the most commonly deployed technical advisors (n = 1217 person-days, 46%). This case study provides useful information for assessing program performance, prioritizing resource allocation, informing future needs, and sharing lessons learned with other programs managing rapid response teams. GRRT has an important role in advancing the global health security agenda and should continuously be assessed and adjusted to new needs.

scholarly journals Distinct fungal communities associated with different organs of the mangrove Sonneratia alba in the Malay Peninsula

IMA Fungus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Li Ying Lee ◽  
Danwei Huang ◽  
Zheng Bin Randolph Quek ◽  
Jen Nie Lee ◽  
Benjamin J. Wainwright
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Sonneratia Alba

Abstract Mangrove forests are key tropical marine ecosystems that are rich in fungi, but our understanding of fungal communities associated with mangrove trees and their various organs remains limited because much of the diversity lies within the microbiome. In this study, we investigated the fungal communities associated with the mangrove tree Sonneratia alba throughout Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. At each sampling location, we collected leaves, fruits, pneumatophores and sediment samples and performed amplicon sequencing of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 to characterise the associated communities. Results show distinct fungal communities at each sampled location with further differentiation according to the plant part. We find a significant distance decay of similarity, particularly for sediment samples due to the greater variability of sediment environments relative to the more stable fungal habitats provided by living plant organs. We are able to assign taxonomy to the majority of sequences from leaves and fruits, but a much larger portion of the sequences recovered from pneumatophores and sediment samples could not be identified. This pattern underscores the limited mycological research performed in marine environments and demonstrates the need for a concerted research effort on multiple species to fully characterise the coastal microbiome and its role in the functioning of marine ecosystems.

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