scholarly journals Short-Term Dynamics of Vegetation Diversity and Aboveground Biomass of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. Forests after Heavy Windstorm Disturbance

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
František Máliš ◽  
Bohdan Konôpka ◽  
Vladimír Šebeň ◽  
Jozef Pajtík ◽  
Katarína Merganičová
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Vegetation Heterogeneity ◽  
Annual Herb ◽  
Aboveground Tree Biomass

Although forest disturbances have become more frequent and severe due to ongoing climate change, our understanding of post-disturbance development of vegetation and tree–herb layer interactions remains limited. An extreme windstorm, which occurred on 19 November 2004, destroyed Picea abies (L.) H. Karst dominated forests in the High Tatra Mts. Here, we studied short-term changes in diversity, species composition, and aboveground biomass of trees and herb layer vegetation, including mutual relationships that elucidate tree–herb interactions during post-disturbance succession. Assessment of species composition and tree biomass measurements were performed at 50 sample plots (4 × 4 m) along two transects 12, 14, and 16 years after the forest destruction. Heights and stem base diameters of about 730 trees were measured and subsequently used for the calculation of aboveground tree biomass using species-specific allometric relationships. Aboveground biomass of herb layer was quantified at 300 subplots (20 × 20 cm) by destructive sampling. Species richness and spatial vegetation heterogeneity did not significantly change, and species composition exhibited small changes in accordance with expected successional trajectories. While aboveground tree biomass increased by about 190%, biomass of annual herb shoots decreased by about 68% and biomass of perennial herb shoots was stable during the studied period. The contribution of trees to total aboveground biomass increased from 83% to 97%. After 16 years of forest stands recovery, tree biomass represented approximately 13% of forest biomass before the disturbance. Herb layer biomass, particularly the biomass of annual herb shoots, was more closely related to tree cover than to tree biomass and its decline could be assigned to gradual tree growth. Our study provides clear evidence that short-term successional processes in post-disturbance vegetation are much better detectable by biomass than by diversity or compositional measures and emphasized the importance of light conditions in tree–herb competitive interactions.

scholarly journals POLA DISTRIBUSI ABOVEGROUND BIOMASSA TEGAKAN MANGROVE DALAM KAITANYA DENGAN STOKS KARBON DI KAWASAN PESISIR SUNGAI PINYUH KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH KALIMANTAN BARAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Subrata ◽  
Gusti Hardiansyah ◽  
Rafdinal Rafdinal
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Avicennia Officinalis ◽  
Aboveground Tree Biomass

Mangrove ecosystem is one of the largest carbon storage sheds on earth, has enormous environmental benefits in disaster mitigation, as well as a source of livelihood for coastal communities. The purpose of this research is to know the aboveground biomass distribution of mangrove forest stand and to know the potency of carbon reserve of mangrove forest area of Mempawah Regency. The research was conducted from September to October 2017 in mangrove forest of Sungai Pinyuh district of Mempawah Regency. Aboveground biomass measurements are performed in a 50 x 50 m measuring plot, data collection is performed by listing each stand with dbh ? 5 cm and grouping it in diameter classes. Aboveground tree biomass estimation was performed using allometric equations and organic carbon stocks calculated by converting biomass by conversion factor of 0.5. The results showed the biomass value ranged from 32.37 to 55.84 tons / ha with an average value of 40.28 tons / ha. The highest biomass is distributed in diameter class 15-25 cm with the percentage 23.10% and lowest in class diameter> 55 cm with contribution equal to 13.39%. Carbon stock in mangrove stand biomass ranged from 16.18-27.91ton C / ha with average value 20.14 ton C / ha. Avicennia officinalis is an important type with the contribution of carbon reserves of 98.99%.Keywords: aboveground biomass, Carbon stock, mangrove forest, Mempawah Regency.AbstrakEkosistem mangrove merupakan salah satu gudang penyimpanan karbon terbesar di bumi, memiliki manfaat lingkungan yang besar dalam mitigasi bencana, serta sebagai sumber mata pencaharian masyarakat pesisir. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi aboveground biomass tegakan hutan mangrove dan mengetahui besarnya potensi cadangan karbon kawasan hutan mangrove Kabupaten Mempawah. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan September hingga Oktober 2017 di hutan mangrove kecamatan Sungai Pinyuh Kabupaten Mempawah. Pengukuran biomassa atas permukaan (aboveground biomass) tegakan dilakukan di dalam petak ukur ukuran 50 x 50 m, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mendata tiap tegakan dengan dbh ? 5 cm dan mengelompokkannya dalam kelas-kelas diameter. Pendugaan biomassa aboveground pohon (aboveground tree biomass) dilakukan dengan menggunakan persamaan allometrik (Komiyama et al., 2008) dan stoks karbon organik dihitung dengan mengkonversikan biomassa dengan faktor konversi sebesar 0,5. Hasil menunjukkan nilai biomasa berkisar antara 32,37-55,84 ton/ha dengan nilai rata-rata 40,28 ton/ha. Biomasa tertinggi terdistribusi pada kelas diameter 15-25 cm dengan persentase 23,10% dan terendah pada kelas diameter >55 cm dengan kontribusi sebesar 13,39%. Stoks karbon pada biomasa tegakan mangrove berkisar antara 16,18-27,91 ton C/ha dengan nilai rata-rata 20,14 ton C/ha. Avicennia officinalis merupakan jenis penting dengan kontribusi stoks karbon sebesar 98,99%.Kata kunci: Aboveground biomass, hutan mangrove, Kabupaten Mempawah, Stok karbon.

scholarly journals Tree biomass allometry during the early growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies) varies between pure stands and mixtures with European beech (Fagus sylvatica)

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Dutcă ◽  
Richard Mather ◽  
Florin Ioraş
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Mixed Stand ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Individual Tree

In this paper, we report an investigation of how forest stand mixture may affect biomass allometric relationships in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Analysis of aboveground biomass data was conducted for 50 trees: 25 sample trees from a pure Norway spruce stand and 25 from a mixed stand of Norway spruce with European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). ANCOVA results demonstrated that individual-tree biomass allometry of the pure stand significantly differed from that of the mixed stand. Allometric characteristics depended on the biomass component recorded and the type of biomass predictor used. When predicted by diameter at breast height and (or) height, the total aboveground biomass of mixed-stand trees was significantly less than that for pure-stand trees. This “apparent” lower aboveground biomass was attributed to the lower branch and needle biomass proportions of trees growing in mixed stand. The findings indicate that caution should be exercised when applying biomass allometric models developed from pure stands to predict tree biomass in mixed stands (and vice versa), as such data treatment may introduce significant bias.

Small changes in species composition despite stand-replacing bark beetle outbreak in Picea abies mountain forests

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1164-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Fischer ◽  
Hagen S. Fischer ◽  
Martin Kopecký ◽  
Martin Macek ◽  
Jan Wild
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Large Scale Disturbance ◽  
Vegetation Heterogeneity

In the mid-1990s, a Spruce Bark Beetle (Ips typographus L.) outbreak affected the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests in the higher elevations of the Bavarian Forest National Park in Germany. To monitor the effect of this large-scale disturbance on the understory vegetation, a series of permanent plots was established in 1998. Until 2000, most of the trees of the spruce-dominated forests at elevations > 1.100 m a.s.l. died. To explore the long-term vegetation development after the disturbance, we resurveyed these plots in 2010. We hypothesised that as a consequence of the stand-replacing disturbance, (i) species composition would change substantially, (ii) shade-tolerant forest species would be replaced by light-demanding species, and (iii) the expansion of the light-demanding species would homogenize species composition. Comparing the 1998 and 2010 situations, we found that species composition did not change substantially after the dieback of the tree layer, shade-tolerant species survived, light-demanding species increased only marginally, and vegetation heterogeneity did not change. The main reason is the missing forest floor disruption: there is no open space emerging for species to establish when trees die standing. As a consequence, a dramatic change in ecosystem structure (loss of the whole canopy layer) is not necessarily connected with a general change in species composition.

scholarly journals Vegetation Diversity of Screes and Taluses of The Pamir and South-Western Tian Shan in Middle Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Nowak ◽  
Sebastian Świerszcz ◽  
Sylwia Nowak ◽  
Marcin Nobis
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Middle Asia ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Tian Shan

AbstractThis paper presents the results of phytosociological research on scree vegetation of the Pamir and south-western Tian Shan. We collected 222 phytosociological relevés during field studies conducted in 2015–2019, applying the Braun-Blanquet approach. We identified 21 plant communities on mobile and stabilized screes of colluvial cones, aprons and fans, inhabiting mainly the montane and alpine belts in several ranges (e.g. Peter the First, Alichur, Shugnan, Shachdarian, Darvaz, Rushan, Vanch, Fergana, Kyrgyz and Terskey ranges). As a result we provide the first comprehensive hierarchical syntaxonomic synopsis of scree communities at montane and alpine elevations in the eastern Middle Asia. The collected vegetation relevés represent the majority of the variation among the phytocoenoses of gravel, pebble, cobble and rock block slides and screes in the montane and alpine belts. As a result of field studies and Twinspan analyses, nine associations were identified on screes of the Pamir and western Tian Shan. All these communities were assigned to the Sileno brahuicae-Lactucetalia orientalis Nowak et al. 2021. Additionally, within the nitrophilous compact gravel screes one subassociation of Corydalidetum kashgaricae trigonelletosum gontscharovii was distinguished. In the most arid zone two additional plant associations and one subassociation were identified in gravelly semi-deserts zone. The main factors determining the species composition of the studied associations are scree mobility, rock particle size, elevation above sea level and slope inclination. Our research revealed considerable diversity of scree habitats of montane and alpine belts what might be astonishing regarding harsh environment of this mountainous territory. However, a great number of lineages that evolved here and particularly rich species pool of this habitat in Middle Asia facilitate remarkable diversity among vegetation of taluses and screes. The distinctiveness of species composition is additionally enhanced by high degree of endemism of chasmophytic habitats in the eastern part of Middle Asia. Despite recent developments, the prominent chasmophytic vegetation of Middle Asia still needs thorough studies focused on its relationship to semi-desert, tall-forb and petrophytic communities of high mountains of the Pamir, Hindu-Kush, Kunlun and Central Tian Shan.

scholarly journals Disentangling the Ecological Determinants of Species and Functional Trait Diversity in Herb-Layer Plant Communities in European Temperate Forests

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Janez Kermavnar ◽  
Lado Kutnar ◽  
Aleksander Marinšek
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Bud Bank ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Stand Characteristics

Forest herb-layer vegetation responds sensitively to environmental conditions. This paper compares drivers of both taxonomic, i.e., species richness, cover and evenness, and functional herb-layer diversity, i.e., the diversity of clonal, bud bank and leaf-height-seed plant traits. We investigated the dependence of herb-layer diversity on ecological determinants related to soil properties, climatic parameters, forest stand characteristics, and topographic and abiotic and biotic factors associated with forest floor structure. The study was conducted in different forest types in Slovenia, using vegetation and environmental data from 50 monitoring plots (400 m2 each) belonging to the ICP Forests Level I and II network. The main objective was to first identify significant ecological predictors and then quantify their relative importance. Species richness was strongly determined by forest stand characteristics, such as richness of the shrub layer, tree layer shade-casting ability as a proxy for light availability and tree species composition. It showed a clear positive relation to soil pH. Variation in herb-layer cover was also best explained by forest stand characteristics and, to a lesser extent, by structural factors such as moss cover. Species evenness was associated with tree species composition, shrub layer cover and soil pH. Various ecological determinants were decisive for the diversity of below-ground traits, i.e., clonal and bud bank traits. For these two trait groups we observed a substantial climatic signal that was completely absent for taxonomy-based measures of diversity. In contrast, above-ground leaf-height-seed (LHS) traits were driven exclusively by soil reaction and nitrogen availability. In synthesis, local stand characteristics and soil properties acted as the main controlling factors for both species and trait diversity in herb-layer communities across Slovenia, confirming many previous studies. Our findings suggest that the taxonomic and functional facets of herb-layer vegetation are mainly influenced by a similar set of ecological determinants. However, their relative importance varies among individual taxonomy- and functional trait-based diversity measures. Integrating multi-faceted approaches can provide complementary information on patterns of herb-layer diversity in European forest plant communities.

Sensitivity of aboveground biomass and species composition to climate change in boreal forests of Northeastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 109472
Author(s):  
Chao Huang ◽  
Yu Liang ◽  
Hong S. He ◽  
Mia M. Wu ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Northeastern China

scholarly journals Estimating Aboveground Tree Biomass for Beetle-Killed Lodgepole Pine in the Rocky Mountains of Northern Colorado

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woodam Chung ◽  
Paul Evangelista ◽  
Nathaniel Anderson ◽  
Anthony Vorster ◽  
Hee Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Northern Colorado ◽  
Aboveground Tree Biomass

Socio-Economic Differences Control Species Composition of Urban Gardens in a Metropolitan Area of Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
VERONICA SPESCHA ◽  
EZEQUIEL ARÁOZ
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Socioeconomic Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Ecological Attributes ◽  
Main Factors

Abstract Human population is becoming increasingly more urbanized, and in that context private gardens contribute to biodiversity and to access to ecosystem services in cities. The urbanized landscape reflects social, economic and cultural differences of the population, which affect the patterns of urban biodiversity. Socioeconomic level is one of the main factors that spatially structure cities, for which it likely influences several attributes of gardens. In this study we characterized urban vegetation diversity in 50 private gardens of an urban agglomerate of Argentina, Gran San Miguel de Tucumán. We aimed to determine which variables control ecological attributes of gardens. We used socioeconomic indicators obtained from the 2010 Nacional Population and Households Census, and data obtained through a survey to garden owners. Our study suggests that species composition of gardens responds to socioeconomic conditions, which might be linked to the exchange of species as the main method to obtain plants and to strengthen social bonds by belonging to a similar socioeconomic level rather than neighborhood or geographic distance. Based on our analyses, gardens in areas with higher socioeconomic level were larger. Species richness and socioeconomic level of gardens were not significantly associated, and species diversity was related to garden age, with older gardens being more diverse.

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