scholarly journals Maternal Environmental Light Conditions Affect the Morphological Allometry and Dispersal Potential of Acer palmatum Samaras

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Bin J. W. Chen ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
Yuting Dong ◽  
Heinjo J. During ◽  
Xia Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Maternal Control ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Environmental Light ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Dispersal Potential

Seed dispersal plays critical roles in determining species survival and community structures. Since the dispersal is biologically under maternal control, it is hypothesized that intraspecific variation of dispersal potential and associated traits of seeds (diaspores) should be influenced by maternal habitat quality. We tested this hypothesis by examining the effects of maternal environmental light condition on morphological traits and descending performance of nearly 1800 wind-dispersed samaras collected from maple species Acer palmatum. Results showed that samaras produced by trees from shaded microhabitats had greater dispersal potential, in terms of slower terminal velocity of descent, than those produced in open microhabitats. This advantage was largely attributed to morphological plasticity. On average, samaras produced in shaded microhabitats, as compared to those produced in open habitats, had lower wing loading by only reducing weight but not area. In allometric details, in the large size range, samaras from shaded microhabitats had larger areas than those from open microhabitats; in the small size range, samaras from shaded microhabitats had wider wings. These findings suggest that greater dispersal potential of samaras in response to stressful maternal light environment reflected an active maternal control through the morphological allometry of samaras.

Taxonomic application of macro and micro morphological characters of seeds in Astragalus L. (Galegeae, Fabaceae) in India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
SHIVANI KASHYAP ◽  
CHANDAN KUMAR SAHU ◽  
ROHIT KUMAR VERMA ◽  
LAL BABU CHAUDHARY
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Scanning Electron

Due to large size and enormous morphological plasticity, the taxonomy of the genus Astragalus is very complex and challenging. The identification and grouping of species chiefly based on macromorphological characters become sometimes difficult in the genus. In the present study, the micromorphology of the seeds of 30 species belonging to 14 sections of Astragalus from India has been examined applying scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with light microscopy (LM) to evaluate their role in identification and classification. Attention was paid to colour, shape, size and surface of seeds. The overall size of the seeds ranges from 1.5–3.2 × 0.8–2.2 mm. The shape of the seeds is cordiform, deltoid, mitiform, orbicular, ovoid and reniform. The colour of seeds varies from brown to blackish-brown to black. Papillose, reticulate, ribbed, rugulate and stellate patterns were observed on the seed coat surface (spermoderm) among different species. The study reveals that the seed coat ornamentations have evolved differently among species and do not support the subgeneric and sectional divisions of the genus. However, they add an additional feature to the individual species, which may help in identification in combination with other macro-morphological features.

Control of browning during seed germination of Meizotropis pellita: a rare and an endangered plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 118-120
Author(s):  
Renu Chandola ◽  
Anshulika Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Endangered Plant ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Browning Reaction ◽  
Threatened Plant Species

Meizotropis pellita is a rare, endangered and threatened plant species found in Patwadanger forest. In nature this species grows from rootstock in precise and sensitive habitats. However, phenolic compounds provoke browning reaction which is responsible for lethal browning in plant tissue culture and hindering in vitro germination. The aim of this study was to minimize the effect of phenolic compound during seed germination. We evaluate different antibrowning treatments in Meizotropis pellita seeds. The seeds were pretreated in Polyvinylpyrrolidone and then treated seeds were cultured on MS media and sterilized seeds were directly inoculated on PVP containing MS media. These culture media incubate under dark and light conditions at different durations respectively. Our results showed that addition of antibrowning agent, PVP inhibit onset of browning. Dark and light condition also played a crucial role on onset of browning. Delayed and low intensity of browning were observed in case of seeds that were inoculated on MS media containing PVP and were kept in dark. The present research offers a positive in vitro seed germination protocol for Meizotropis pellita conservation.

scholarly journals Gene Expressing and sRNA Sequencing Show That Gene Differentiation Associates with a YellowAcer palmatumMutant Leaf in Different Light Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shu-Shun Li ◽  
Qian-Zhong Li ◽  
Li-Ping Rong ◽  
Ling Tang ◽  
Bo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Pigment Synthesis ◽  
Leaf Coloration ◽  
Gene Expressing

Acer palmatumThunb., like other maples, is a widely ornamental-use small woody tree for leaf shapes and colors. Interestingly, we found a yellow-leaves mutant “Jingling Huangfeng” turned to green when grown in shade or low-density light condition. In order to study the potential mechanism, we performed high-throughput sequencing and obtained 1,082 DEGs in leaves grown in different light conditions that result inA. palmatumsignificant morphological and physiological changes. A total of 989 DEGs were annotated and clustered, of which many DEGs were found associating with the photosynthesis activity and pigment synthesis. The expression of CHS and FDR gene was higher while the expression of FLS gene was lower in full-sunlight condition; this may cause more colorful substance like chalcone and anthocyanin that were produced in full-light condition, thus turning the foliage to yellow. Moreover, this is the first available miRNA collection which contains 67 miRNAs ofA. palmatum, including 46 conserved miRNAs and 21 novel miRNAs. To get better understanding of which pathways these miRNAs involved, 102 Unigenes were found to be potential targets of them. These results will provide valuable genetic resources for further study on the molecular mechanisms ofAcer palmatumleaf coloration.

scholarly journals Germination and seedling structure of Ruprechtia laxiflora Meissn. (Polygonaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Rafael Espanhol Müller ◽  
Luiz Antonio De Souza ◽  
Lindamir Hernandez Pastorini ◽  
Mariza Barion Romagnolo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Cotyledonary Node ◽  
Plant Anatomy ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Germination Parameters

Germination of diaspores and the seedling structure of Ruprechtia laxiflora Meissn. (Polygonaceae) which is a secondary species frequent in forest remnants are described. Seedlings were embedded in hydroxymethacrylate and sectioned in a rotary microtome according to usual techniques in plant anatomy. For bioassays of germination, the experimental design was completely randomized in a 3x2 bifactorial arrangement, corresponding to three temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C) and two light conditions (photoperiod and continuous darkness) for the diaspores newly harvested and in a 4x2 bifactorial arrangement, corresponding to four temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30°C) and two light conditions (photoperiod and continuous darkness) for diaspores analyzed after storage. There was no interaction between the factors light condition and temperature for germination parameters analyzed. However, the temperature affected the germination and diaspores maintained at 25°C showed a shorter mean time and higher germination speed index. Seedlings are phanerocotylar and epigeal with tetrarch root, intermediate-low type of root-stem transition and trilacunar cotyledonary node.

Five Strip-Type Dye Sensitized Solar Cells with Metal Grid Lines

2007 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 315-318
Author(s):  
Won Jae Lee ◽  
Easwaramoorthi Ramasamy ◽  
Dong Yoon Lee ◽  
Jae Sung Song
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have great potential alternative to expensive conventional solar cells, since high efficiency and relatively simple fabrication process. However, in large size cell, there is a key factor that delayed the entry of such cells in commercial market. Performance of large size cell is lower than small size cells, since a carrier loss occurs in high resistive TCO glass substrate. Here we demonstrate a simple method to reduce resistive loss and efficient collection of photo generated carriers via strip type cells with metal grids. Using strip type cells, we constitute series and parallel type DSSC panels in order to achieve required voltage and current respectively. Stripe cells were prepared from commercial TiO2 powder by screen printing method. In addition, metal grids were established adjacent to sealant line. Using these as unit cell, portable DSSC panels were assembled and I-V performance was carried out in indoor light condition (fluorescent light, 30mW/cm2) and standard condition (Pin 100 mW/cm2, AM 1.5).

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