scholarly journals Germination and seedling structure of Ruprechtia laxiflora Meissn. (Polygonaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Rafael Espanhol Müller ◽  
Luiz Antonio De Souza ◽  
Lindamir Hernandez Pastorini ◽  
Mariza Barion Romagnolo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Cotyledonary Node ◽  
Plant Anatomy ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Germination Parameters

Germination of diaspores and the seedling structure of Ruprechtia laxiflora Meissn. (Polygonaceae) which is a secondary species frequent in forest remnants are described. Seedlings were embedded in hydroxymethacrylate and sectioned in a rotary microtome according to usual techniques in plant anatomy. For bioassays of germination, the experimental design was completely randomized in a 3x2 bifactorial arrangement, corresponding to three temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C) and two light conditions (photoperiod and continuous darkness) for the diaspores newly harvested and in a 4x2 bifactorial arrangement, corresponding to four temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30°C) and two light conditions (photoperiod and continuous darkness) for diaspores analyzed after storage. There was no interaction between the factors light condition and temperature for germination parameters analyzed. However, the temperature affected the germination and diaspores maintained at 25°C showed a shorter mean time and higher germination speed index. Seedlings are phanerocotylar and epigeal with tetrarch root, intermediate-low type of root-stem transition and trilacunar cotyledonary node.

Comparative Germination Responses of 28 Temperate Grassland Species

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Grassland Plants ◽  
Single Temperature ◽  
Germination Speed

The comparative germination biology of 28 perennial species native to the temperate grasslands of southern Victoria was tested using a single temperature regime (20/10˚C) in either constant darkness or 12 h diurnal white-light conditions. This temperature regime was chosen because it corresponds to the temperature found to produce substantial or optimal germination in other germination studies of grassland plants. Four germination attributes—time to the beginning of germination (germination lag), time taken to achieve 50% of final germination (germination speed –t50), percentage germination in diurnal light conditions and percentage germination in continuous darkness—were calculated for each species and correlated to three plant attributes: plant family, life form and seed weight. Germination lag was short for many species: 50% had a lag of less than 7 days, whilst 96% of species had begun germinating within 28 days. Germination speed was moderately fast for most species: 75% of species had a t50 of less than 28 days. Total percentage germination in diurnal light or continuous darkness was variable (0–98%), but many species (64%) germinated readily (> 50%) in at least one treatment. Twenty-four percent of species had germination substantially inhibited by darkness (i.e. Acaena echinata, Bulbine bulbosa, Eryngium ovinum, Podolepis sp. aff. jaceoides, Velleia paradoxa and Wahlenbergia luteola). No species had its germination promoted by darkness. Few correlations between plant and germination attributes were detected. Seed weight was not correlated with any of the three germination attributes, nor was life form or plant family correlated with germination speed or percentage germination in the light or dark. Germination lag, however, was significantly associated with plant family and, in a related way, with life form: species from the Liliaceae (geophytes) took longer to begin germination than species from the Asteraceae (hemicryptophytes). The ecological implications of the observed germination biology on the potential formation of persistent soil seed banks and seedling recruitment dynamics are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of photoperiod on the cultural morphology of Rhizoctonia solani isolates of maize from Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
SRI WAHYUNI BUDIARTI ◽  
RUDY LUKMAN ◽  
CHRISTANTI SUMARDIYONO ◽  
ARIF WIBOWO ◽  
ACHMADI PRIYATMOJO
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Dark Condition ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Special Region ◽  
Cultural Morphology

Abstract. Budiarti SW, Lukman R, Sumardiyono C, Wibowo A, Priyatmojo A. 2019. Effect of photoperiod on the cultural morphology of Rhizoctonia solani isolates of maize from Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2028-2038. Banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is a significant constraint of maize production in Indonesia, especially within the last several years. R. solani is an important soil-borne necrotrophic fungal pathogen which is known to be sensitive to different environmental conditions. The differential response of fungi to light and dark is important to study, especially of those causing disease to crop plant as it helps to reveal the factors regulating the pathogenicity of the fungus. This study aims to determine the effect of light duration on the mycelial development and sclerotia formation of R. solani isolates obtained from different locations in Yogyakarta Special Region and Central Java, Indonesia. Ten isolates of R. solani collected from different geographic regions in Yogyakarta Special Region, and Central Java from maize (nine isolates) and rice (one isolate) were exposed to three different light conditions: 12 h alternating light/dark, continuous darkness, and continuous light. Cultural morphology and sclerotial characteristics were recorded for each isolate. All isolates revealed great diversity in terms of cultural and morphological characteristics after exposure to three different light conditions. Under complete darkness, the mycelial growth phase was extended, and a fluffy mass of mycelia was produced. All isolates showed abundant growth under the 12 h alternating light/dark condition than under the continuous dark and continuous light conditions. Sclerotia were initiated earlier under the 12 h alternating light/dark condition than under other conditions. The 12 h alternating light/dark condition also induced number and heavier weight of sclerotia compared with those produced under the continuous light and continuous dark conditions. The modifications in light condition exert a significant impact on some R. solani isolates.

Control of browning during seed germination of Meizotropis pellita: a rare and an endangered plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 118-120
Author(s):  
Renu Chandola ◽  
Anshulika Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Endangered Plant ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Browning Reaction ◽  
Threatened Plant Species

Meizotropis pellita is a rare, endangered and threatened plant species found in Patwadanger forest. In nature this species grows from rootstock in precise and sensitive habitats. However, phenolic compounds provoke browning reaction which is responsible for lethal browning in plant tissue culture and hindering in vitro germination. The aim of this study was to minimize the effect of phenolic compound during seed germination. We evaluate different antibrowning treatments in Meizotropis pellita seeds. The seeds were pretreated in Polyvinylpyrrolidone and then treated seeds were cultured on MS media and sterilized seeds were directly inoculated on PVP containing MS media. These culture media incubate under dark and light conditions at different durations respectively. Our results showed that addition of antibrowning agent, PVP inhibit onset of browning. Dark and light condition also played a crucial role on onset of browning. Delayed and low intensity of browning were observed in case of seeds that were inoculated on MS media containing PVP and were kept in dark. The present research offers a positive in vitro seed germination protocol for Meizotropis pellita conservation.

scholarly journals Gene Expressing and sRNA Sequencing Show That Gene Differentiation Associates with a YellowAcer palmatumMutant Leaf in Different Light Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shu-Shun Li ◽  
Qian-Zhong Li ◽  
Li-Ping Rong ◽  
Ling Tang ◽  
Bo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Pigment Synthesis ◽  
Leaf Coloration ◽  
Gene Expressing

Acer palmatumThunb., like other maples, is a widely ornamental-use small woody tree for leaf shapes and colors. Interestingly, we found a yellow-leaves mutant “Jingling Huangfeng” turned to green when grown in shade or low-density light condition. In order to study the potential mechanism, we performed high-throughput sequencing and obtained 1,082 DEGs in leaves grown in different light conditions that result inA. palmatumsignificant morphological and physiological changes. A total of 989 DEGs were annotated and clustered, of which many DEGs were found associating with the photosynthesis activity and pigment synthesis. The expression of CHS and FDR gene was higher while the expression of FLS gene was lower in full-sunlight condition; this may cause more colorful substance like chalcone and anthocyanin that were produced in full-light condition, thus turning the foliage to yellow. Moreover, this is the first available miRNA collection which contains 67 miRNAs ofA. palmatum, including 46 conserved miRNAs and 21 novel miRNAs. To get better understanding of which pathways these miRNAs involved, 102 Unigenes were found to be potential targets of them. These results will provide valuable genetic resources for further study on the molecular mechanisms ofAcer palmatumleaf coloration.

scholarly journals Germination and vigor of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. seeds under different light and temperature conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnólia Martins Alves ◽  
Edna Ursulino Alves ◽  
Luciana Rodrigues de Araújo ◽  
Maria de Lourdes dos Santos Lima ◽  
Marina Matias Ursulino
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Central America ◽  
White Light ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Living Fence

ABSTRACT: Caesalpinia pulcherrima is a Fabaceae family species from Central America, which has a small size and is widely used as a living fence in the urban afforestation for streets, parks, and gardens. Based on this importance, the aim of this research was to study the influence of light and temperature on the germination of C. pulcherrima seeds. The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis of the Center of Agricultural Sciences of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, comprising a 3x5 (three temperatures and five light regimes) factorial scheme with four replicates containing 25 seeds each. Germination and vigor of seeds were evaluated under temperatures of 25°C and 30ºC constant and 20-30ºC alternated in different light regimes: white, green, red-distant, red, and absence of light. Variables analyzed were: germination, first germination count, germination speed index, root length, shoot length, and the ratio of dry mass of root/shoot of the seedlings. Seeds of C. pulcherrima germinate in the presence and absence of light, being a neutral photoblastic. Recommendation to test the vigor of these seeds is the temperature of 30°C in the white light regime.

scholarly journals Allelopathic bioactivity of fresh and infused aqueous extracts of Brazilian cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) on lettuce and maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 40972
Author(s):  
Nayara Parisoto Boiago ◽  
Andréa Maria Teixeira Fortes ◽  
Daiane Maria Pilatti ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Siberti da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Germination Speed

 This study aimed to analyse the allelopathic bioactivity of fresh and infused aqueous extracts of Brazilian cherry leaves on the germination of lettuce and the initial development of maize. Brazilian cherry leaves were used to prepare a fresh aqueous extract (200 g L-1) and an infused extract (100 g L-1), which were diluted to concentrations of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 or 2.0% w/v. The variables evaluated in lettuce were the germination rate (GR), germination time index (GTI), germination speed index (GSI) and root length (RL). To determine the effect on the initial development of maize, we measured the shoot (SL) and root (RL) length. The experimental design included a factorial 2 × 5 design (two extracts and five concentrations), in addition to a control treatment (no extract). In general, the allelopathic bioactivity differed between the fresh and infused extracts. The fresh extract was more phytotoxic for the GR and RL of lettuce. Some beneficial results were observed for the infused extract, including an increase in the RL of lettuce and SL of maize. These effects were dependent on the extract concentration. Thus, there is evidence that Brazilian cherry extracts have allelopathic bioactivity. 

Factors affecting germination of horseweed (Conyza canadensis)

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 898-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay K. Nandula ◽  
Thomas W. Eubank ◽  
Daniel H. Poston ◽  
Clifford H. Koger ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Complete Darkness ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Ph Range

The influence of environmental factors on germination and emergence of horseweed was examined in growth chamber experiments. Germination was highest (61%) under 24/20 C day/night temperature under light. Horseweed seed germination was observed under both light (13 h photoperiod) and complete darkness (24 h), but germination under continuous darkness was only 0 to 15% compared with 0 to 61% under light. All other experiments were conducted under 24/20 C and 13-h light conditions. Germination was 19 to 36% over a pH range from 4 to 10, with a trend toward higher germination under neutral-to-alkaline conditions. Horseweed germination was > 20% at < 40 mM NaCl concentration and lowest (4%) at 160 mM NaCl. These data suggest that even at high soil salinity conditions, horseweed can germinate. Germination of horseweed decreased from 25% to 2% as osmotic potential increased from 0 (distilled water) to −0.8 MPa, indicating that germination can still occur under moderate water stress conditions. Horseweed seedling emergence was at its maximum on the soil surface, and no seedlings emerged from seeds placed at a depth of 0.5 cm or higher.

scholarly journals Changes in germination parameters of seven sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) varieties due to treating with gibberellic and ascorbic acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Béla Biró-Janka ◽  
Imre-István Nyárádi ◽  
Marcel Matei Duda ◽  
Beáta Demeter ◽  
Andrea Nagygyörgy
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Ascorbic Acids ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Germination Experiment ◽  
Germination Parameters

Abstract During the study, the seeds of seven sweet basil cultivars were treated with 100 ppm solutions of gibberellic acid or ascorbic acid prior to a 14-day germination experiment. Values of the first day of germination, germination energy, germinability, mean time and rate of germination, and uncertainty and synchrony of germination were calculated. The results show that both of the substances altered the measured parameters, priming with gibberellic acid proving to be a more effective way to enhance the germination of basil seeds. Also, they revealed major differences among the germination parameters of the examined cultivars.

scholarly journals Atividade antifúngica de óleos essenciais em sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (53) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Maria Silvana Nunes ◽  
Hilderlande Florêncio Da Silva ◽  
Edcarlos Camilo Da Silva ◽  
Luciana Cordeiro Do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Health Test

<p><span class="fontstyle0">The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of essential oils in sanitary and physiological quality in seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum. The experiment was carried out at Universidade Federal da Paraíba. The monkfish seeds were manually benefited and scarified to overcome dormancy. Ten treatments were used: control, dicarboximide fungicide and essential oils of Andiroba, eucalyptus, camphor, mint, fennel, basil, rosemary and Copaiba. A health test was performed, with incubation in filter paper, using as a criterion to identify the comparison of characteristics described in the specific literature. The germination test was evaluated up to the fourteenth day, and the variables analyzed were: germination percentage, first count, germination speed index, dead seeds, aerial part length, root and seedling, and fresh and dry matter of seedling. The experimental design used was DIC and the averages were compared using the Scott-Knott test. The essential oils of mint and fennel showed an efficiency equivalent to the conventional method with the use of fungicide and did not cause physiological damage. The essential oil of copaiba should not be used in the treatment of E. Contortisiliquum seeds because they are fungal stimulants and may cause damage to the physiological quality.</span><br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Pastoral plants for rehabilitation of degraded soil in Tunisia: the case for use of Calicotome villosa and Genista spachiana (Fabaceae)

Biologija ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mechergui Kaouther ◽  
Jaouadi Wahbi ◽  
Khouja Mohamed Larbi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymer ◽  
Degraded Soil ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems ◽  
Mean Time

Calicotome villosa and Genista spachiana are classified as vulnerable in Tunisia and they are of great interest for the  rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems, food for goats and camelids, and for the use of its essential oils in phytotherapy. The aim of this study was to examine the  germination characteristics of both species through analysis of the effects of the salt stress and water stress on germination. We monitored and evaluated different germination characteristics (germination percentage, mean time to germination and germination speed) in the presence of the salt and water stress. Calicotome villosa and Genista spachiana can withstand salinity of up to 15 g/l of salt (31–37% germination at 15 g/l) and also tolerate large doses of PEG6000 (30–40% germination at –1.6 MPa: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a hydrophilic polymer). The tolerance of the two species to salinity and water stress allows them to be a source of food for goats and camelids during drought.

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