Splitting the Difference: A Proposal for Benefit Sharing in Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+)

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation with other benefits (REDD+) mechanism is supposed to address the reversal of forest-based land degradation, conservation of existing carbon stocks, and enhancement of carbon sequestration. The Bosomtwe District is predominantly agrarian with potentials for climate change mitigation through REDD+ mechanism among smallholder farmers. The limited knowledge and practices of this strategy among farmers are limiting potentials of mitigating climate change. This paper assesses the REDD+ potentials among smallholder farmers in the district. Using a triangulation of quantitative and qualitative design, 152 farmer-respondents were purposively sampled and interviewed, using snowballing method from 12 communities. Quantitative data gathered were subjected to the tools of contingency and frequencies analysis, embedded in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v.16. The qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results indicate that respondents have knowledge of REDD+ but not the intended benefit sharing regimes that can accrue to the smallholder farmers. Farmers’ willingness to practice REDD+ will be based on the motivation and incentive potentials of the strategies. The Forestry Services Division should promote the practice of REDD+ among smallholder farmers through education, to whip and sustain interest in the strategy.

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Reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD): a climate change mitigation strategy on a critical track

Carbon Balance and Management ◽

10.1186/1750-0680-4-10 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Michael Köhl ◽

Thomas Baldauf ◽

Daniel Plugge ◽

Joachim Krug

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Forest Degradation ◽

Mitigation Strategy ◽

Change Mitigation ◽

Reduced Emissions

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Flexible Options for Greenhouse Gas-Emitting Energy Producer

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12193792 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 3792 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrey Krasovskii ◽

Nikolay Khabarov ◽

Ruben Lubowski ◽

Michael Obersteiner

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Forest Degradation ◽

Benefit Sharing ◽

Forest Owner ◽

Strike Price ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Climate Agreements ◽

International Climate Agreements ◽

The Future

The reduction of emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) constitutes part of the international climate agreements and contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals. This research is motivated by the risks associated with the future C O 2 price uncertainty in the context of the offsetting of carbon emissions by regulated entities. The research asked whether it is possible to reduce these financial risks. In this study, we consider the bilateral interaction of a REDD supplier and a greenhouse gas (GHG)-emitting energy producer in an incomplete emission offsets market. Within this setting, we explore an innovative financial instrument—flobsion—a flexible option with benefit-sharing. For the quantitative assessment, we used a research method based on a two-stage stochastic technological portfolio optimization model established in earlier studies. First, we obtain an important result that the availability of REDD offsets does not increase the optimal emissions of the electricity producer under any future C O 2 price realization. Moreover, addressing concerns about a possible “crowding–out” effect of REDD-based offsets, we demonstrate that the emissions and offsetting cost will decrease and increase, respectively. Second, we demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed instrument by analyzing flobsion contracts with respect to the benefit-sharing ratio and strike price within the risk-adjusted supply and demand framework. Finally, we perform a sensitivity analysis with respect to C O 2 price distributions and the opportunity costs of the forest owner supplying REDD offsets. Our results show that flobsion’s flexibility has advantages compared to a standard option, which can help GHG-emitting energy producers with managing their compliance risks, while at the same time facilitating the development of REDD programs. In this study we limited our analysis to the case of the same C O 2 price distributions foreseen by both parties; the flobsion pricing under asymmetric information could be considered in the future.

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Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD): Why a Robust and Transparent Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) System is Mandatory

Climate Change - Research and Technology for Adaptation and Mitigation ◽

10.5772/24701 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniel Plugge ◽

Thomas Baldauf ◽

Michael Kohl

Keyword(s):

Forest Degradation ◽

Reporting And Verification ◽

Reduced Emissions

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Operationalizing REDD+: scope of reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability ◽

10.1016/j.cosust.2012.07.003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 661-669 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Lydia P Olander ◽

Christopher S Galik ◽

Gabrielle A Kissinger

Keyword(s):

Forest Degradation ◽

Reduced Emissions

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Who Owns REDD+? Carbon Markets, Carbon Rights and Entitlements to REDD+ Finance

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11090959 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 959

Author(s):

Charlotte Streck

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

United Nations ◽

Emission Trading ◽

Forest Degradation ◽

Carbon Market ◽

Benefit Sharing ◽

Carbon Markets ◽

Trading Systems ◽

Private Standards ◽

The United Nations

The question of who is entitled to benefit from transactions under the United Nations framework to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) remains one of the most controversial issues surrounding cooperative efforts to reduce deforestation in developing countries. REDD+ has been conceived as an international framework to encourage voluntary efforts in developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance carbon removals from forest activities. It was designed as an international framework under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to enable the generation of emission reductions and removals (ERRs) at the national—and, provisionally, the subnational—level and is, thus, primarily a creature of international law. However, in defining forest carbon ERRs, the international framework competes with national emission trading systems and domestic REDD+ legislation as well as private standards that define units traded on the voluntary carbon market. As results-based and carbon market systems emerge, the question remains: Who can claim participation in REDD+ and voluntary carbon market projects? The existence of different international, national and private standards that value ERRs poses a challenge to countries that participate in REDD+ as well as to communities and private actors participating in voluntary carbon market projects. This paper seeks to clarify the nature and limitation of rights pertaining to REDD+ market transactions. It also links the notion of carbon rights to both carbon markets and government’s decision on benefit sharing. Applying a legal lens, this paper helps to understand the various claims and underlying rights to participate in REDD+ transactions and addresses ambiguities that can lead to conflict around REDD+ implementation. The definition of carbon rights and the legal nature of carbon credits depend on local law and differ between countries. However, by categorizing carbon rights, the paper summarizes several legal considerations that are relevant for regulating REDD+ and sharing the financial benefits of transacting ERRs.

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Possible Corruption Risks to Successful Implementation of REDD+ in Bangladesh

The Chittagong University Journal of Science ◽

10.3329/cujs.v41i1.51912 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Md Danesh Miah ◽

SM Raihan Abedin

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Climate Change ◽

Financial Management ◽

Global Climate ◽

Forest Degradation ◽

Benefit Sharing ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Preparatory Phase ◽

Potential Risks ◽

Global Initiative

Deforestation and forest degradation are the important causal agents to global climate change. REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation along with conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks and sustainable management of forest) is a recently adopted global initiative to mitigate global climate change by conserving the forests and its carbon. Bangladesh is still in the preparatory phase of the REDD+ program. Assessing the potential risks of corruption is important to the setting up of strategies of REDD+ implementation. So, a study was conducted in the Madhupur, Sreemangal and Rangamati forest areas to assess these risks. The study was conducted through three types of surveys and interviews. It was found that there is a chance of potential corruption risks while implementing REDD+ program in Bangladesh. Political leaders and other powerful groups may manipulate the policy making and development strategies of REDD+. Financial management, benefit sharing and procurement management in the REDD+ program should be considered in the corruption risks analysis. There is a chance of diversion or embezzlement of REDD+ funds, laundering of money and elite capture of REDD+ benefits. Over estimation of costs and collusions in the bidding may also occur while implementing REDD+. For the successful and transparent implementation of REDD+, this possible risks should be taken into consideration. This study can be partially useful to fixing up the REDD+ strategies in Bangladesh. The Chittagong Univ. J. Sci. 40(1) : 1-20, 2019

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