scholarly journals Development of an Araucaria araucana Beer-like Beverage: Process and Product

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Angélica Durán ◽  
José Reyes-De-Corcuera ◽  
Gustavo Garay ◽  
Pedro Valencia ◽  
Alejandra Urtubia
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Enzymatic Treatment ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Barley Malt ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Araucaria Araucana ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
High Potassium Content

The seed from the Araucaria araucana (in Spanish, piñon) tree, native to Chile and Argentina, is sold mainly as raw seed. Engineering a process to add value to piñon has the potential to positively impact local indigenous communities with very little ecological impact because it is routinely harvested in the wild. This study evaluated the feasibility of using 100% piñon, or as a blend with barley malt, to produce a beer-like beverage, while also evaluating consumer acceptance of the beverage’s piñon characteristics. Prototypes generated based on 93% piñon and 7% oat (enzymatic treatment of α-amylase, glucoamylase, protease and β-glucanase), as well as 50% piñon and 50% barley (no external enzymatic treatment), were evaluated. Overall acceptability by a consumer acceptance panel (21 consumers) rated the 100% piñon and the piñon–barley malt blend 5/9 and 7/9, respectively. The piñon–barley malt blend prototype stood out for its low level of carbohydrates, high potassium content and banana and clove aromas.

DOUBLE BLIND FLUID THERAPY EVALUATION IN PEDIATRIC CHOLERA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 922-931
Author(s):  
Robert A. Gutman ◽  
David J. Drutz ◽  
George E. Whalen ◽  
Raymond H. Watten
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Replacement Solution ◽  
Lactated Ringer's Solution ◽  
High Potassium Content

Pediatric cholera has often had higher morbidity and mortality than adult cholera when treated in the same fashion. Because children have a greater need for free water and, in addition, produce cholera stools which are appreciably lower in sodium concentration than adult stools, the use of isotonic or hypertonic intravenous solutions designed for adults has been held partially responsible for the higher figures. Moreover, such solutions often contain insufficient dextrose, potassium, and alkali for optimal treatment of pediatric cholera. A pediatric cholera replacement solution (PCRS) formulated to overcome these problems was field tested in double blind fashion against lactated Ringer's solution in children with acute cholera. PCRS resulted in more rapid return of normal potassium and bicarbonate values, over-came the tendency toward hypoglycemia, and reduced the need for oral fluids. Despite its hypotonic composition and high potassium content, it produced neither hyponatremia nor hyperkalemia. The utility and safety of plasma specific gravity as a means of objectively quantitating the degree of dehydration in children is emphasized.

scholarly journals Living a dog’s life: a putative gray wolf in a feral dog group

Mammalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Elitsa Popova ◽  
Diana Zlatanova
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Feral Dogs ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractThe gray wolf and the domestic dog are closely related species that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. In settings where unrestrained dogs are present in the wild, hybridization can happen naturally. However, the behavior of the resulting hybrids and their ecological impact is largely understudied. In September–November 2018, a putative gray wolf was repeatedly camera-trapped in a group of 10 presumably feral dogs in a remote mountainous area (the Osogovo Mountain) along the border between Bulgaria and North Macedonia. The most feasible explanation for this individual’s atypical behavior is that it is of hybrid origin (assumption based on phenotype). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented observation of such a kind. A discussion of its recruitment and position in the group is presented, setting the basis for further investigation of the complex interaction between wolves, dogs and hybrids in the wild.

Studies of Ancient Glass and Their Application to Nuclear-Waste Management

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannelore Römich
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Nuclear Waste Management ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Ancient Glass ◽  
Long Term Behavior ◽  
High Potassium Content

AbstractDuring several hundred years of burial in the soil, glass objects, especially those with the high potassium content of medieval compositions, develop heavily corroded surfaces, showing phenomena such as local pitting, laminated layers, and browning effects. The long-term behavior of glass in the soil or in contact with groundwater is not only of interest to glass scientists with a background in archaeology, but also for those with a special interest in nuclear-waste management. Several attempts have been made to propose the decomposition of ancient glasses as an indicator for the performance of buried nuclear-waste glasses. In spite of differences in glass composition and exposure conditions, the development of alteration or corrosion layers with time is a common concern, as shown in this article. Laboratory experiments, representing a simplified model for real conditions, offer the possibility for systematic investigations.

scholarly journals Fruit Quality and Consumer Acceptability of Three Plum Types and 14 Plum Cultivars Grown in Maine for a Local Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-238
Author(s):  
Angela D. Myracle ◽  
Zakkary J. Castonguay ◽  
Amber Elwell ◽  
Renae E. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Ripe Stage

Fruit quality and consumer acceptance were measured in 14 plum cultivars. In 2015, six cultivars of asian plum (Prunus salicina) and one cultivar of american plum (Prunus americana) were harvested partially ripe and tree-ripe. In 2016, three types of plums, asian, american, and european (Prunus domestica), were harvested tree-ripe. Within most cultivars in 2015, partially ripe fruit were rated as highly as tree-ripe fruit using a hedonic rating from 1 to 9 with 1 being dislike extremely and 9 being like extremely. ‘Obilnya’ and ‘Abundance’ were rated higher than ‘Shiro’ and ‘Methley’ at both stages of ripeness and higher than ‘Vanier’ at the partially ripe stage. ‘Early Golden’ and ‘Spring Satin’ were rated higher than ‘Shiro’ and ‘Methley’ at the tree-ripe stage. In 2016, seven cultivars (Obilnya, Kahinta, Superior, Toka, Castleton, Early Italian, and Rosy Gage) were scored at the desired consumer acceptance level. ‘Shiro’ and ‘Caçak’s Best’ received overall acceptability scores below the level of acceptability. Plum type had minimal effect on scores for texture, sweetness, sourness, and overall liking. European cultivars received lower color scores than american and asian plums. Soluble solids concentration (SSC) ranged from 6.7% to 13.6% in asian plums, from 14.8% to 19.8% in american plums, and from 15.3% to 22.1% in european plums. Overall consumer acceptance of american and european cultivars was as good as for asian cultivars.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ALTERING THE N:S RATIO ON CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF LEAF LETTUCE

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 666a-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda McVey McCluskey ◽  
Ellen T. Paparozzi ◽  
Susan L. Cuppett
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Color Appearance ◽  
Sensory Panel ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Grand Rapids ◽  
N:S Ratio ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Leaf Lettuce

Previous research on leaf lettuce has shown that altering the N:S ratio has an effect on plant color and N and S content. It appears that nitrogen rates can be decreased if known rates of sulfur are applied. The next step was to determine what effect altering the N:S ratio in lettuce had on consumer acceptance of the product. `Grand Rapids' lettuce was grown hydroponically at six rates of S (0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, 120 ppm) and four rates of N (30, 60, 120, 240 ppm). Sensory evaluation was performed on 20 of 24 treatments. The sensory panel was composed of 12 panelists who used the nonstructured hedonic scale to evaluate each lettuce treatment on appearance, color, texture, flavor, bitter flavor, and overall acceptability. Results from the sensory evaluation indicate that differences in color, appearance, and bitter flavor were detected between treatments by the panel. Lettuce plants that received higher amounts of N in relation to S were considered less bitter in flavor and, over all, more acceptable than plants which received higher amounts of S in relation to N. These results indicate that altering the N:S ratio will affect consumer acceptance of leaf lettuce.

Kaersutite-bearing gabbroic inclusions and the late dike swarm of Kangerdlugssuaq, East Greenland

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (311) ◽  
pp. 259-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kent Brooks ◽  
R. G. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
High Angle ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Dike Swarm ◽  
Lower Tertiary ◽  
Sheet Silicates ◽  
High Potassium Content

SummaryThe Kangerdlugssuaq late dike swarm, which strikes at a high angle to the well-known East Greenland coastal swarm, is described and chemical analyses presented. The basic members are characterized by a high potassium content. A variety of kaersutite-bearing gabbroic inclusions in one member of this swarm is described in detail and microprobe analyses of clinopyroxenes, amphiboles, plagioclases, sheet silicates, and spinel minerals are presented. On the basis of this evidence it is deduced that these inclusions derive from a cumulate sequence formed at depths of between 5 and 10 km beneath the Lower Tertiary land surface. It is likely that fractionation of such assemblages causes a transition, at relatively low pressure, from undersaturated to oversaturated compositions, but the products appear to be quantitatively minor.

scholarly journals Born to Eat Wild: An Integrated Conservation Approach to Secure Wild Food Plants for Food Security and Nutrition

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Borelli ◽  
Danny Hunter ◽  
Bronwen Powell ◽  
Tiziana Ulian ◽  
Efisio Mattana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Wild Food ◽  
Wild Food Plants ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Integrated Conservation

Overlooked in national reports and in conservation programs, wild food plants (WFPs) have been a vital component of food and nutrition security for centuries. Recently, several countries have reported on the widespread and regular consumption of WFPs, particularly by rural and indigenous communities but also in urban contexts. They are reported as critical for livelihood resilience and for providing essential micronutrients to people enduring food shortages or other emergency situations. However, threats derived from changes in land use and climate, overexploitation and urbanization are reducing the availability of these biological resources in the wild and contributing to the loss of traditional knowledge associated with their use. Meanwhile, few policy measures are in place explicitly targeting their conservation and sustainable use. This can be partially attributed to a lack of scientific evidence and awareness among policymakers and relevant stakeholders of the untapped potential of WFPs, accompanied by market and non-market barriers limiting their use. This paper reviews recent efforts being undertaken in several countries to build evidence of the importance of WFPs, while providing examples of cross-sectoral cooperation and multi-stakeholder approaches that are contributing to advance their conservation and sustainable use. An integrated conservation approach is proposed contributing to secure their availability for future generations.

Stability, correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and quality traits in betelvine (Piper betle L.) genotypes under three different sets of conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Tirkey ◽  
Vibha Ramtake ◽  
S. S. Porte ◽  
P. K. Joshi ◽  
N. Khare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
High Potassium Content

Betelvine (Piper betle L.) is commonly consumed as betel quid or paan with areca nut and/or tobacco; and also utilized in Indian medicine systems and in religious ceremonies. The betel production is highly erratic and so is the income of farmers due to natural climatic factors and spoilage during transport. It is therefore important to improve its productivity per vine and per unit area to meet the demand. Correlation, path coefficient and stability analysis was carried out in fifteen genotypes of betelvine including 3 checks under three protected structures, namely, Bareja (E1), Poly tunnel (E2) and Net tunnel (E3). Among the three structures, Net tunnel was found suitable for the cultivation of betelvine in Chhattisgarh. With respect to quality parameters, Meetha paan (2.65 g/100g) followed by Billori (2.23 g/100g) found to have high protein content. Meetha paan (5.89g/100g) followed by Meetha-cum-bangla (5.36g/100g) was also found to possess high starch content. However, low fiber content was recorded in Meetha pan (1.83g/100g), whereas high potassium content was found in Ramtake meetha (933mg/100g) followed by Bidhan pan (991mg/100g). The genotype, Karapaku possessed high potassium content (2.67mg/g). Hedonic five point scale for organolaptic test showed Meetha paan (2.3/5) followed by Bali paan (2.4/5) were less pungent among genotype studied. Highest shelf life was found in genotype Karapaku and Bhaichigudi (18days). The results indicated that number of leaves per vein were positively correlated with leaf width (0.802 and 0.819) followed by leaf area (0.790 and 0.808), leaf area index (0.782 and 0.800), leaf length (0.745 and 0.759), specific leaf weight (0.681 and 0.709), petiole length (0.658 and 0.705), diameter of internodes (0.484 and 0.559) and R-value (0.112 and 0.110) at both phenotypic and genotypic level, respectively. Path analysis identified leaf width (0.8772) and leaf length (0.4712) had direct effects on leaf yield at phenotypic level. Highest positive direct effect on leaf yield was exerted by leaf area (1.3544) followed by leaf width (0.8986) at genotypic level. These characters can be used as selection criterion in a breeding programme to develop varieties of betelvine with high leaf yield. The stability analysis under three different protected structures viz; E1, E2, E3 indicated that the genotypes, Karapaku, Bhaichigudi and Maghai pan are stable across the environment for leaf yield.

scholarly journals (377) Consumer Acceptance of Mayhaw (Crataegus opca Hook. and Arn.) Fruit Juice Blended with Muscadine (Vitisrotundifolia Michx.) Grape Juice

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1068A-1068
Author(s):  
Alfred F. Trappey ◽  
Charles E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Flavor Preference ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Muscadine Grape ◽  
Hedonic Scale

Growth in juice-based products is supported by an increasing consumer base, which perceives fruit and fruit-based beverages as an integral component of nutritious food types that can benefit health. New flavor combinations, as well as added ingredients (i.e., vitamins) continue to help boost juice appeal as a nutraceutical. New juice-based food products such as blends, jellies, marinades, and pastry fillings could benefit from the unique flavor attributes specific to mayhaw fruit juice. Juice from one cultivar of muscadine grape (Vitisrotundifolia Michx.) `Carlos' (bronze skinned) was mixed with varying levels of juice from one cultivar of mayhaw (Crataegusopaca) `Texas Star' (reddish-orange skinned) fruit. Five different blend combinations were tested for both individual juice quality and for juice-blend compatibility. A consumer preference test was conducted (n = 75) on a 9-point hedonic scale for color, taste, and overall liking. Next to the taste/flavor preference scores for control (6.8), mayhaw juice used as the primary flavor ingredient in blends was the second most preferred of all juices by the panelists. A 50/50 juice blend and 70/30 mayhaw/muscadine blend were the least desirable of the five combinations tested. Juices from 60/40, 30/70, and 40/60 mayhaw/muscadine were considered by the panelists as best in flavor and overall acceptability. “Taste” had the strongest effect on overall acceptability of juice from varying levels of mayhaw juice in combination with muscadine grape juice. Panelists' mean score averages collectively were favorable of 60:40 and 50:50 juice blends and were significant (P < 0.05) toward acceptance of a “mayhaw-muscadine” fruit juice blended drink.

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