Impact of Nisin and Nisin-Producing Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis on Clostridium tyrobutyricum and Bacterial Ecosystem of Cheese Matrices

Clostridium tyrobutyricum spores survive milk pasteurization and cause late blowing of cheeses and significant economic loss. The effectiveness of nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis 32 as a protective strain for control the C. tyrobutyricum growth in Cheddar cheese slurry was compared to that of encapsulated nisin-A. The encapsulated nisin was more effective, with 1.0 log10 reductions of viable spores after one week at 30 °C and 4 °C. Spores were not detected for three weeks at 4 °C in cheese slurry made with 1.3% salt, or during week 2 with 2% salt. Gas production was observed after one week at 30 °C only in the control slurry made with 1.3% salt. In slurry made with the protective strain, the reduction in C. tyrobutyricum count was 0.6 log10 in the second week at 4 °C with both salt concentration. At 4 °C, nisin production started in week 2 and reached 97 µg/g after four weeks. Metabarcoding analysis targeting the sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that the genus Lactococcus dominated for four weeks at 4 °C. In cheese slurry made with 2% salt, the relative abundance of the genus Clostridium decreased significantly in the presence of nisin or the protective strain. The results indicated that both strategies are able to control the growth of Clostridium development in Cheddar cheese slurries.

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Survival and Growth of Clostridium Species in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-43.6.431 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 431-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. M. EL-GENDY ◽

T. NASSIB ◽

H. ABED-EL-GELLEL ◽

N-EL-HODA HANAFY

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Clostridium Perfringens ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Gas Production ◽

Clostridium Tyrobutyricum ◽

Clostridium Species ◽

Clostridium Sporogenes ◽

Litmus Milk ◽

Genus Clostridium ◽

Survival And Growth

Some bacteria in the genus Clostridium can occur as contaminants in milk. If cheese is made from milk with such contaminants, the bacteria can cause the “late gas” or “late blowing” defect in the cheese. Since hydrogen peroxide can be used to treat milk for cheesemaking, this investigation was initiated to determine effects of the peroxide on viability and growth of Clostridium tyrobutyricum NIZO, C. tyrobutyricum 144, Clostridium perfringens 115 and Clostridium sporogenes T9. Presence of 0.01% hydrogen peroxide in litmus milk retarded but did not prevent growth of and gas production by the clostridia. Presence of 0.02% peroxide inhibited growth and gas production when litmus milk contained, per milliliter, 50 or 100 spores of any of the clostridia being studied. These numbers of clostridial spores are greater than those normally found in raw milk produced under ordinary conditions.

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Rapid Multi-Hybridisation FISH Screening for Balanced Porcine Reciprocal Translocations Suggests a Much Higher Abnormality Rate Than Previously Appreciated

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10020250 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 250

Author(s):

Rebecca E O’Connor ◽

Lucas G Kiazim ◽

Claudia C Rathje ◽

Rebecca L Jennings ◽

Darren K Griffin

Keyword(s):

Semen Analysis ◽

In Situ Hybridisation ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽

Reciprocal Translocations ◽

Chromosome Translocations ◽

Farrowing Rate ◽

Significant Economic Loss

With demand rising, pigs are the world’s leading source of meat protein; however significant economic loss and environmental damage can be incurred if boars used for artificial insemination (AI) are hypoprolific (sub-fertile). Growing evidence suggests that semen analysis is an unreliable tool for diagnosing hypoprolificacy, with litter size and farrowing rate being more applicable. Once such data are available, however, any affected boar will have been in service for some time, with significant financial and environmental losses incurred. Reciprocal translocations (RTs) are the leading cause of porcine hypoprolificacy, reportedly present in 0.47% of AI boars. Traditional standard karyotyping, however, relies on animal specific expertise and does not detect more subtle (cryptic) translocations. Previously, we reported development of a multiple hybridisation fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) strategy; here, we report on its use in 1641 AI boars. A total of 15 different RTs were identified in 69 boars, with four further animals XX/XY chimeric. Therefore, 4.5% had a chromosome abnormality (4.2% with an RT), a 0.88% incidence. Revisiting cases with both karyotype and FISH information, we reanalysed captured images, asking whether the translocation was detectable by karyotyping alone. The results suggest that chromosome translocations in boars may be significantly under-reported, thereby highlighting the need for pre-emptive screening by this method before a boar enters a breeding programme.

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The influence of milk pasteurization temperature and pH at curd milling on the composition, texture and maturation of reduced fat cheddar cheese

International Journal of Dairy Technology ◽

10.1111/j.1471-0307.1998.tb02631.x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

T P GUINEE ◽

M A FENELON ◽

E O MULHOLLAND ◽

B T O'KENNEDY ◽

N O'BRIEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cheddar Cheese ◽

Reduced Fat ◽

Milk Pasteurization

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Influence of the phosphorus and nitrogen source on nisin production in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis batch fermentations using a complex medium

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/bf00170422 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 17-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Luc De Vuyst ◽

Erick J. Vandamme

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Source ◽

Lactococcus Lactis ◽

Complex Medium ◽

Nisin Production ◽

Lactococcus Lactis Subsp

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Antimicrobial Activity of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Isolated from a Stranded Cuvier’s Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris) against Gram-Positive and -Negative Bacteria

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9020243 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 243

Author(s):

Akihiko Suzuki ◽

Miwa Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Lactococcus Lactis ◽

Marine Organism ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Gas Production ◽

Beaked Whale ◽

Carbohydrate Utilization ◽

Nisin Z ◽

Ziphius Cavirostris ◽

Cuvier’S Beaked Whale ◽

Subtilis Subsp

In the present study, we isolated and characterized Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) subsp. lactis from a female Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) stranded in Shizuoka, Japan. Only five isolates (CBW1-5), grown on Lactobacilli de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar plates prepared using 50% artificial seawater, were positive in L. lactis species-specific primer PCR. Their 16S rRNA sequences were highly similar to those of L. lactis subsp. lactis JCM 5805T. The Gram reaction, motility, gas production from glucose, catalase production, and growth conditions were consistent with those of the type strain. Additionally, carbohydrate utilization of the strains was consistent with previously reported marine organism-derived strains. The pH-neutralized cell-free culture supernatant of strain CBW2 inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis ATCC 6051 and Vibrio alginolyticus ATCC 17749, whereas protease treatment eliminated or diminished its inhibitory activity. The strain possesses a precursor of the nisin structural gene (nisA), which showed 100% homology with nisin Z, and nisin biosynthesis-related genes (nisB, nisC, nisT, nisP, nisF, nisI, and nisRK), suggesting that the strain produces a nisin-like substance. This study provides fundamental information on whale-derived L. lactis subsp. lactis which may be useful for reducing the carriage of B. subtilis subsp. subtilis and V. alginolyticus.

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Optimization of Thin-Film Winding Conditions Considering Viscoelastic Property and Thickness Variation and its Experimental Verification

ASME-JSME 2018 Joint International Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems and Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment ◽

10.1115/isps-mipe2018-8563 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Yuta Sunami ◽

Hiromu Hashimoto

Keyword(s):

Viscoelastic Property ◽

Stress Condition ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Thickness Variation ◽

Plastic Films ◽

Roll To Roll ◽

Condition Optimization ◽

Wound Rolls ◽

Predicted Values ◽

Significant Economic Loss

Plastic films are produced using roll-to-roll systems, which allow the film to be wound into a roll and stored in a small space. Roll defects, however, can cause significant economic loss, and gage bands remain an open area of research. More recently, plastic films have become thinner, so we must now reconsider wrinkling and slippage, problems which depend on the in-roll stress condition. Therefore, predicting the stress condition is essential to preventing defects occurring in wound rolls. In addition, the in-roll stress will change over time as a result of viscoelastic properties. This study theoretically investigates and experimentally verifies winding condition optimization and in-roll stress in consideration of the viscoelastic property and web thickness profile at a constant rewinding tension. Results show that the predicted values are in agreement with the measured values.

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PREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN BLACK BENGAL GOATS IN BANGLADESH

Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15646 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (1-2) ◽

pp. 51-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. S. Rahman ◽

S. Mithu ◽

M. T. Islam ◽

M. J. Uddin ◽

R. R. Sarker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epidemiological Data ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Confirmatory Test ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Significant Economic Loss ◽

Sera Samples ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Brucellosis is an important bacterial zoonotic disease causing significant economic loss in dairy industries worldwide including Bangladesh. But limited studies are devoted to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in goat in all districts of Bangladesh. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in Black Bengal goats in Nilphamari Sadar and Kishoreganj upazillas of Nilphamari district of Bangladesh using Rose Bengal Test (RBT) as screening test and I-ELISA as confirmatory test. A total of 154 sera samples from Black Bengal goats were collected from Nilphamari district. Epidemiological data on the selected Black Bengal goats were collected using a structured questionnaire. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be 2.59% in Black Bengal goats. A significantly (p<0.01) higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in Black Bengal goats with the history of previous abortion (33.33%). An insignificant (p>0.05) but higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in adult Black Bengal goats (>24 months) than young. The prevalence was relatively higher in cross-bred than pure Black Bengal goats, in female than male and in pregnant than non-pregnant Black Bengal goats. The result of the study will provide baseline data for control of brucellosis in goat in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15646

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