scholarly journals 1,1,6-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (TDN) Sensory Thresholds in Riesling Wine

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Andrii Tarasov ◽  
Nicoló Giuliani ◽  
Alexey Dobrydnev ◽  
Christoph Schuessler ◽  
Yulian Volovenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Aroma Compound ◽  
Sensory Thresholds ◽  
Elevated Content ◽  
Rejection Threshold ◽  
Current Article

1,1,6-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (TDN) is an aroma compound responsible for the kerosene/petrol notes in Riesling wines. In the current article, three sensory thresholds for TDN were determined in young Riesling wine: detection threshold (about 4 µg/L), recognition threshold (10–12 µg/L), and rejection threshold (71–82 µg/L). It was demonstrated that an elevated content of free SO2 in wine may have a certain masking effect on the TDN aroma perception. In addition, the influence of wine serving temperature on the recognition of kerosene/petrol notes was studied. It was found, that a lower wine serving temperature (about 11 °C) facilitated identification of the TDN aroma compared to the same wine samples at room temperature.

scholarly journals Factors Underlying Individual Differences in Speech-Recognition Threshold (SRT) in Noise Among Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry E. Humes
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Many older adults have difficulty understanding speech in noisy backgrounds. In this study, we examined peripheral auditory, higher-level auditory, and cognitive factors that may contribute to such difficulties. A convenience sample of 137 volunteer older adults, 90 women, and 47 men, ranging in age from 47 to 94 years (M = 69.2 and SD = 10.1 years) completed a large battery of tests. Auditory tests included measures of pure-tone threshold, clinical and psychophysical, as well as two measures of gap-detection threshold and four measures of temporal-order identification. The latter included two monaural and two dichotic listening conditions. In addition, cognition was assessed using the complete Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-3rd Edition (WAIS-III). Two monaural measures of speech-recognition threshold (SRT) in noise, the QuickSIN, and the WIN, were obtained from each ear at relatively high presentation levels of 93 or 103 dB SPL to minimize audibility concerns. Group data, both aggregate and by age decade, were evaluated initially to allow comparison to data in the literature. Next, following the application of principal-components factor analysis for data reduction, individual differences in speech-recognition-in-noise performance were examined using multiple-linear-regression analyses. Excellent fits were obtained, accounting for 60–77% of the total variance, with most accounted for by the audibility of the speech and noise stimuli and the severity of hearing loss with the balance primarily associated with cognitive function.

Temporal Integration and the Masking Effect of Spatiotemporal Noise

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 216-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
H T Kukkonen ◽  
J Rovamo
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Density ◽  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Critical Duration ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Spatial Noise ◽  
Spatiotemporal Noise

In computer-generated spatiotemporal noise every stimulus frame contains a new static noise sample. The spectral density of white spatiotemporal noise is calculated by multiplying the squared rms contrast of noise by the product of the noise check area and the exposure duration of each noise check. When the exposure duration of each noise check is gradually increased, the spectral density of spatiotemporal noise increases, reaching its maximum when noise becomes static. In static spatial noise both stimulus and noise checks have the same duration. The signal-to-noise ratio is known to be constant at detection threshold. Detection thresholds should thus increase in proportion to the spectral density of spatiotemporal noise, which increases with the duration of the noise checks. We measured detection thresholds for stationary cosine gratings embedded in spatiotemporal noise. The exposure duration of the noise checks was increased from one frame duration to the total exposure duration of the stimulus grating. Noise was thus gradually transformed from spatiotemporal to static spatial noise. The contrast energy threshold increased in proportion to the spectral density of spatiotemporal noise up to a noise check duration found to be equal to the integration time for the stimulus grating without noise. After this, energy thresholds remained constant in spite of the increase in the spectral density of spatiotemporal noise. This suggests that the masking effect of spatiotemporal noise increases with the duration of noise checks up to the critical duration marking the saturation of the temporal integration of the signal.

scholarly journals Methodology for determination of two new sensory thresholds: Compromised acceptance threshold and rejection threshold

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarcísio Lima Filho ◽  
Valéria Paula Rodrigues Minim ◽  
Rita de Cássia dos Santos Navarro da Silva ◽  
Suzana Maria Della Lucia ◽  
Luis Antônio Minim
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Thresholds ◽  
Acceptance Threshold ◽  
Rejection Threshold

Phonological Recoding in Lexical Decision at Recognition Threshold

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph G. Bias ◽  
Leo X. McCusker
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Phonological Recoding ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Spelling Test ◽  
Task Differences ◽  
Poor Spellers

The phonological recoding model of lexical access was tested in two experiments. In Experiment 1, college students were presented words and nonwords at recognition threshold for lexical decision. Nonwords homophonous with real words (homophonous nonwords) and nonwords nonhomophonous with real words (nonhomophonous nonwords) were used. The phonological recoding model predicts more errors on homophonous nonwords as a result of false matches in the subjects' internal lexicons. Blocks of items with homophonous nonwords led to significantly poorer performance as measured by percent correct and d'. Experiment 2 was a replication of Experiment 1 with the addition of a spelling test to eliminate poor spellers. The d' measure again supported the phonological recoding model. These data were compared to those of Stanovich and Bauer (1978) which led to a conclusion against phonological recoding. This discrepancy was considered in light of the task differences, and the presence of a mask was thought to be important. The possible masking effect of successive fixations in reading was considered.

scholarly journals Evolution of MEG: a first MEG-feasible fluxgate magnetometer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Koshev ◽  
A. Butorina ◽  
E. Skidchenko ◽  
A. Kuzmichev ◽  
A. Ossadtchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
Fluxgate Magnetometer ◽  
Optically Pumped ◽  
Yttrium Iron ◽  
Garnet Films ◽  
Solid State Sensor ◽  
Induced Field ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Iron Garnet

AbstractIn the current article we present a first solid-state sensor feasible for magnetoencephalography (MEG), and working at room temperature. The sensor is a fluxgate magnetometer based on yttrium-iron garnet films (YIGM). In this feasibility study we prove the concept of usage the YIGM in terms of MEG by registering a simple brain induced field: the human alpha rhythm 1. All the experiments and results are validated with usage of another kind of high-sensitive magnetometers - optically pumped magnetometer (OPM), which currently appears to be well-established in terms of MEG.

scholarly journals Salt taste perception and blood pressure levels in population-based samples: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
Asako Kudo ◽  
Akihiko Kitamura ◽  
Hironori Imano ◽  
Renzhe Cui ◽  
Mitsumasa Umesawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Taste

AbstractTo examine the associations of salt perception with salt intake and blood pressure levels in general populations, we performed a cross-sectional study in two communities where salt intake level is different, Akita and Osaka in Japan. Taste perception (detection for certain taste and recognition for salt taste) was determined using a Na-impregnated test strip for 1024 Akita and 1199 Osaka adults aged 30–74 years. The proportions of detection for 0·1 % salt were 61, 62, 79, and 79 % in Akita men, Osaka men, Akita women and Osaka women, respectively. The corresponding proportions of not recognising of 1·6 % salt taste (>1·6 %) were 34, 30, 16 and 21 %. Detection threshold was higher in Akita than in Osaka for women aged 60–74 years, and recognition threshold was lower in Akita than in Osaka for women aged 30–59 and 60–74 years. The high detection (≥0·4 %) and recognition (>1·6 %) thresholds of salt taste were associated with higher salt intake scores for Akita men aged 30–59 years, whose detection and recognition thresholds tended be positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) after adjustment for potential confounders. Among Akita elderly men, detection threshold tended to be positively associated with SBP and DBP, while among Akita middle-aged women, recognition threshold was associated with SBP. In conclusion, the high thresholds of salt perception were inversely associated with salt intake for Akita middle-aged men and with blood pressure levels for Akita middle-aged and elderly men and middle-aged women.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Taste Perception for Salt and Blood Pressure in Normotensive and Hypertensive Korean Adults (P12-027-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayong Chung ◽  
Suyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Taste Preference ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Salty Taste

Abstract Objectives It is well known that excessive sodium intake increases the risk for developing cardiovascular diseases. Taste perception contributes food choice and may be important in determining nutrient intake. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between taste perceptions for salt and blood pressure in Korean adults. Methods Detection and recognition thresholds to salt and salty taste preference to the salty bean sprout soup were measured in healthy adults and hypertensive patients (n = 280). Results Recognition threshold to NaCl was significantly higher in hypertensive females than in normotensive females (0.076% and 0.054%, respectively, P < 0.05), while no such difference was found in males. Further, in females, those with higher tertiles of recognition thresholds had significantly higher levels of DBP as compared to those with lowest tertiles (p for trend < 0.05). Preference scores for salty taste were positively correlated with recognition threshold for salt in females (r = 0.208, P = 0.003). Similarly, liking responses to 0.63% NaCl soup and 1.25% NaCl soup were significantly correlated with recognition threshold for salt in females [r = 0.165 (P = 0.025) and r = 0.191 (P = 0.011), respectively). Interestingly, in females with the highest tertiles of recognition threshold, the liking responses to 1.25% NaCl soup were significantly higher in hypertensive patients than in normotensive controls, but no such relationship were found in females with the lower tertiles of recognition threshold (p for interaction = 0.017), suggesting the altered taste acuity for salt in hypertensive patients significantly affects the taste preference for salt. Both detection threshold and recognition threshold were significantly correlated with the salt usage behavior [r = 0.415 (P = 0.015) and r = 0.263 (P = 0.035), respectively] in hypertensive females. Conclusions Findings from the current study suggest that the taste acuity for salt is altered in hypertensive females, which may influence dietary behavior associated with sodium intake. Further study is warranted to find an effective measures to improve taste acuity in hypertensive patients. Funding Sources This report was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government, NRF-2017R1A2B1009697.

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