Hp1-1 as a Genetic Marker Regulating Inflammation and the Possibility of Developing Diabetic Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes—Cohort Studies

Background: This study assessed the influence of the haptoglobin phenotype on markers regulating inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The haptoglobin phenotypes, soluble form of CD163 receptor (sCD163), p53 concentrations and high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), interleukin 10 (IL-10) secretion in serum were assayed via ELISA tests. In the first part of the project, patients were divided into three groups which differed by the haptoglobin phenotype, and afterwards into two groups according to the criterion of the presence or absence of cardiovascular disease. Results: Diabetic patients with haptoglobin phenotype 1-1 (Hp1-1) had a significantly higher concentration of IL-10 and sCD163 compared to haptoglobin phenotype 2-1 (Hp2-1) and haptoglobin phenotype 2-2 (Hp2-2). Moreover, diabetic patients with Hp1-1 had a significantly lower concentration of p53 and HMGB1 compared to diabetic patients with Hp2-1 and Hp2-2. The results have shown that diabetics with Hp2-1 had a significantly lower postprandial glucose level compared to diabetics with Hp2-2. Apart from that, there were no differences in the occurrence of haptoglobin variants between patients with or without cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: Our study provides new data for a relationship between the type of haptoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes and the concentration of factors that regulate the body’s inflammation. We have shown that the Hp1-1 can serve as a genetic marker of inflammatory processes.

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Study on the prevalence of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20192239 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 786

Author(s):

Eda Dayakar ◽

C. Sathya Sree ◽

E. Sanjay

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common health problem globally. Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor to develop cardiovascular disease in diabetics. They present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study consisting of 46 (23 male and 23 female) known type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Age, gender, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI) was recorder in all the diabetic patients. Fasting blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL levels were measured using standard methods and recorded.Results: The average total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and VLDL were 200±42mg/dl, 169.62±89.79mg/dl, 132.45±36.38mg/dl,39.1±16.6mg/dl and 35.85±17.09mg/dl respectively. The incidence of occurrence of hypercholesterolemia was 58.6% and hypertriglyceridemia 36.9%. Increased levels of LDL were observed in 30 (65.2%) patients and reduced HDL was observed in 43 (93.4%) patients. The incidence rate of dyslipidaemia was higher in female diabetic patients when compared to male diabetic patients.Conclusions: Awareness on the dyslipidaemia and its risk factors should be provided to the type 2 diabetic patients as they are more prone to get cardiovascular disease and lipid profile also should be monitored regularly along with blood glucose levels.

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Correlation between glycated hemoglobin HbA1c and serum lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes

Libyan Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.54361/ljmr.15204 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

Asmaa Alboueishi

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Diabetic Patients

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a common risk factor for diabetes that leads to cardiovascular disease, one of the causes of death of diabetic patients. Theaimof this study was to investigate the association between HbA1c levels and serum lipids in Libyan patients withtype 2 diabetes. Material and methods: The study was conducted in 2019 on 325 patients (174 males, 151 females) with type 2 diabetes referred to a private clinical laboratory in Tripoli, Libya. Blood samples were collected for measurement of HbA1c, fasting blood glucose and serum lipid concentrations. Diabetes was defined according to the American Diabetes Association criteria.The data were analyzed using an independent t-test and Pearson’scorrelation test.Results: The ages of the patients ranged from 40 to 83 years, with a mean of 51.52 ± 14.32 years SD. No significant correlation between HbA1c and age was noted (r=0.011, p=0.063). There was a significant positive correlation betweenHbA1c level and fasting blood glucose (r =0.641, p=0.000), low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.240, p = 0.000), total cholesterol (r = 0.223, p = 0.000) and triglycerides(r=0.140,p 0.067). The correlation between HbA1c and high-density lipoprotein-C was negative but not significant (r= -0.088, p = 0.123). Conclusion: HbA1c could be used as a predictor of dyslipidemia and thus it may serve as anindicator of the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.

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A study of prevalence of silent coronary artery disease in asymptomatic type II diabetes mellitus

10.17727/jmsr.2021/9-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Moogaambiga S ◽

Kirubhakaran K ◽

Devi PL ◽

Santhosh P

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Treadmill Test ◽

Silent Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Artery Disease

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetics. However diabetic patients do not present with typical anginal symptoms or may be even asymptomatic and silent coronary artery disease (CAD) is prevalent in diabetics. Moreover silent CAD is not different from symptomatic CAD with respect to prognosis and adverse effects. Aim: The study was done to demonstrate the prevalence of silent myocardial ischemic changes in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with normal resting ECG by doing a stress exercise test. Methodology: This descriptive study was done in 100 patients with type 2 diabetes more than 2 years who did not have any history of cardiovascular disease or symptoms. Detailed history was taken and investigations such as HbA1c, fasting and postprandial blood sugar, serum creatinine, urine examination were done. Resting ECG, Echocardiogram was found to be normal and they were subjected to a treadmill test. Results: Among the 100 participants 18 persons (18%) had positive ECG findings in treadmill test. A positive association was found between the duration of diabetes and prevalence of positive treadmill test. Conclusion: There is significant prevalence of silent CAD in diabetic patients and they tend to present with advanced disease at presentation and have poorer prognosis compared to non diabetic population. Hence it is necessary to screen early for silent CAD in diabetics to improve disease outcomes.

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Plasma Level of Urate among Sudanese with Type 2 Diabetes in Khartoum state, Sudan.

International Journal for Innovation Education and Research ◽

10.31686/ijier.vol2.iss12.282 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (12) ◽

pp. 24-29

Author(s):

Salma Hussein Elhassan ◽

Bader Eldien Hassan Elabid ◽

Sara osman Yousif

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Plasma Level ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Plasma Urate

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the risk for cardiovascular disease is increased three to four fold in type 2 diabetes mellitus as compared to non-diabetic population. Hyperuricaemia has been reported to be a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to assess the plasma level of urate in Sudanese patients with type 2 diabetes in comparison with apparently healthy (non-diabetic) volunteers as controls.Methods: This is a descriptive, cross- sectional and hospital-based study conducted during the period from March to May 2011 in Jabir Abu Elez diabetic center and Nurein medical center, both in Khartoum state, Sudan. The study group included 52 NIDDM cases and 30 healthy controls of either sex matched for age and gender. Fasting venous samples were collected from both cases and controls. Serum levels of uric acid, and lipid profile were assayed using commercial reagent kits from Biosystem Company.Results: In the current study there was a significant increase in plasma urate in type 2 diabetic patients as compared to the control group. There was a significant increase in lipid profile with exception to high density lipoprotein which was significantly reduced. There was insignificant correlation of plasma urea, and lipid profile with both; body mass index and the duration of diabetes.Conclusion: Hyperuricemia is significantly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and can increase the morbidity and mortality of diabetes if not managed in time. Elevated plasma urate levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes.

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Diabetic retinopathy as an independent predictor of subclinical cardiovascular disease: baseline results of the PRECISED study

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000845 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e000845 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rafael Simó ◽

Jordi Bañeras ◽

Cristina Hernández ◽

José Rodríguez-Palomares ◽

Filipa Valente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Type 2 Diabetic ◽

Subclinical Cvd

ObjectiveDetection of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) has significant impact on the management of type 2 diabetes. We examined whether the assessment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is useful for identifying patients at a higher risk of having silent CVD.Research design and methodsProspective case–control study comprising 200 type 2 diabetic subjects without history of clinical CVD and 60 age-matched non-diabetic subjects. The presence of subclinical CVD was examined using two parameters: (1) calcium coronary score (CACs); (2) composite of CACs >400 UA, carotid plaque ≥3 mm, carotid intima–media thickness ratio >1, or the presence of ECG changes suggestive of previous asymptomatic myocardial infarction. In addition, coronary angio-CT was performed. DR was assessed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and retinography.ResultsType 2 diabetic subjects presented higher CACs than non-diabetic control subjects (p<0.01). Age, male gender, and the presence of DR were independently related to CACs >400 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 0.76). In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between the degree of DR and CACs <10 AU. The variables independently associated with the composite measurement of subclinical CVD were age, diabetes duration, the glomerular filtration rate, microalbuminuria, and the presence of DR (AUROC 0.71). In addition, a relationship (p<0.01) was observed between the presence and degree of DR and coronary stenosis.ConclusionsThe presence and degree of DR is independently associated with subclinical CVD in type 2 diabetic patients. Our results lead us to propose a rationalized screening for coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes based on prioritizing patients with DR, particularly those with moderate–severe degree.

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Acarbose Treatment and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Nationwide Seven-Year Follow-Up Study

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2014/812628 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jui-Ming Chen ◽

Cheng-Wei Chang ◽

Ying-Chieh Lin ◽

Jorng-Tzong Horng ◽

Wayne H.-H. Sheu

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Acarbose Treatment ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Objective. To investigate the potential benefits of acarbose treatment on cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes by using nationwide insurance claim dataset.Research Design and Methods. Among 644,792 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients without preexisting CVD in a nationwide cohort study, 109,139 (16.9%) who had received acarbose treatment were analyzed for CVD risk. Those with CVD followed by acarbose therapy were also subjected to analysis.Result. During 7 years of follow-up, 5,081 patients (4.7%) developed CVD. The crude hazard ratio (HR) and adjusted HR were 0.66 and 0.99, respectively. The adjusted HR of CVD was 1.19, 0.70, and 0.38 when the duration of acarbose use was <12 months, 12–24 months, and >24 months, respectively. Adjusted HR was 1.14, 0.64, and 0.41 with acarbose cumulative doses <54,750 mg, 54,751 to 109,500 mg, and >109,500 mg, respectively.Conclusion. In patients with type 2 diabetes without preexisting CVD, treatment with acarbose showed a transient increase in incidence of CVD in the initial 12 months followed by significant reductions of CVD in prolonged acarbose users. After the first CVD events, continuous use of acarbose revealed neutral effect within the first 12 months. The underlying mechanisms require further investigations.

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Association of circulating oxidized LDL-C/LDL-C ratio with severity of coronary atherosclerosis and other emerging biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-962747/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bo Feng

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Oxidized Ldl ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Potential Biomarker

Abstract Background Atherosclerosis cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes. But there are still no simpler and more effective biomarkers which can predict the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a novel CVD biomarker that also increase in diabetic patients. The aim of present study was to evaluate the associations of circulating oxLDL/LDL-C ratio with severity of coronary atherosclerosis and other emerging biomarkers of cardiovascular disease such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), interleukin 33 (IL33) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods 152 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited in our study. Plasma levels in oxLDL, FGF21, IL33 and VCAM-1 were measured by ELISA. oxLDL/LDL-C ratio was calculated. Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) was performed in all patients. Patients were allocated into four groups according to CCTA findings and Gensini score: normal, mild, moderate and severe coronary atherosclerosis group. Association between the oxLDL/LDL-C ratio and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis were evaluated using logistic regression models and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Results Correlation analysis showed that oxLDL/LDL-C ratio was positively associated with severity of coronary atherosclerosis (p < 0.05). After adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, the positive correlation between severity of coronary atherosclerosis and oxLDL/LDL-C ratio still existed (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.31- 3.14, p < 0.01). OxLDL/LDL-C ratio in severe group was significantly higher than which in the other three groups respectively (p< 0.001). The cut-off value of oxLDL/LDL-C ratio in predicting severe coronary atherosclerosis was more than 0.091 with specificity of 66.5% and sensitivity of 75%. Only IL33 correlated positively with oxLDL/LDL-C ratio (r = 0.274, p<0.01). However, VCAM-1 had a similar trend with oxLDL/LDL-C ratio in these four groups. Conclusions OxLDL/LDL-C ratio is considered as a potential biomarker in diabetic patients for early recognition and intervention of severe coronary atherosclerosis, and will be more effective if tested IL33 and VCAM-1 at the same time.

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HIGH BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL INCREASE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Folia Medica Indonesiana ◽

10.20473/fmi.v52i2.5228 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

Laili Zahrina Marchelia ◽

Purwati Purwati ◽

Rio Wironegoro

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Type 2 Dm

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is the 10th leading cause of death in the world and had a risk 4.06 times greater to have cardiovascular disease (CVD). Fasting plasma glucose and 2-hours postprandial glucose level as diagnostic tests to evaluate DM and also as a predictive factors to CVD. This research uses descriptive analytic research with cross sectional design. The subject of this study is Type 2 DM patients came to Dr Soetomo hospital from January-October 2014. Data was recorded from medical records of patients and was analyzed with Chi Square test with p<0.05. As result, there is 102 Type 2 DM patients with 36 patients have CVD manifestation and 66 patients without complication. There is a significant association between fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hours postprandial glucose (2hPPG) level, and CVD manifestation (p=0.00). So FPG and 2hPPG have a significant association with CVD manifestation. There are other factors that influencing the formation of CVD, hence, further research is needed.

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Relationship Between Fasting and Postprandial Glucose Levels and the Gut Microbiota

10.21203/rs.3.rs-917351/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yui Mineshita ◽

Hiroyuki Sasaki ◽

Hyeon-ki Kim ◽

Shigenobu Shibata

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Free Living ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

The Relationship ◽

Free Living Conditions

Abstract Postprandial hyperglycemia increases the risk of mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, the gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease are known to be correlated. Currently, fasting blood glucose is the primary index for the clinical diagnosis of diabetes; however, postprandial blood glucose is associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and mortality. Therefore, the dynamic change in blood glucose levels under free-living conditions is considered an important and better marker than fasting glucose levels, to study the relationship between glucose levels and microbiota. Here, we investigated the relationship between fasting and postprandial glucose levels and microbiota under free-living conditions, for one week in the older adults. The results revealed a significant correlation between peak glucose levels after dinner and the gut bacteria, particularly, Bacteroides, Clostridiales Clostridiaceae group, Anaerostipes, Clostridiales [Mogibacteriaceae] group, Holdemania, and Bilophila. Together, these findings suggest that the glucose levels after dinner are a better predictor of microbiota conditions than fasting glucose levels.

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Importance of Prandial Glucose Regulation in the Management of Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases ◽

10.2478/rjdnmd-2013-0010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 77-84

Author(s):

Rodica Teodora Străchinariu

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Glucose Regulation ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Apparent Paradox

AbstractThere is a worldwide epidemic increase in the number of type 2 diabetes (T2DM)patients who frequently associate with cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are datasuggesting that glycemic control does not substantially reduce CVD risk buthyperglycemia increases the risk of CVD. This apparent paradox could be explainedby the role of post-prandial hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of cardiovascularcomplications in T2DM. There is numerous evidences, both experimental andclinical, for this association but controversies on this topic persist. The aim of thispaper was to review the current literature regarding the role of postprandial glucosein the genesis of CVD in T2DM.

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