scholarly journals The Novel Halovirus Hardycor1, and the Presence of Active (Induced) Proviruses in Four Haloarchaea

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Mike Dyall-Smith ◽  
Friedhelm Pfeiffer ◽  
Pei-Wen Chiang ◽  
Sen-Lin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
Major Capsid Protein ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Protein Database ◽  
Tape Measure Protein ◽  
Virus Stock ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Haloarcula Hispanica

The virus Hardycor1 was isolated in 1998 and infects the haloarchaeon Halorubrum coriense. DNA from a frozen stock (HC1) was sequenced and the viral genome found to be 45,142 bp of dsDNA, probably having redundant, circularly permuted termini. The genome showed little similarity (BLASTn) to known viruses. Only twenty-two of the 53 (41%) predicted proteins were significantly similar to sequences in the NCBI nr protein database (E-value ≤ 10−15). Six caudovirus-like proteins were encoded, including large subunit terminase (TerL), major capsid protein (Mcp) and tape measure protein (Tmp). Hardycor1 was predicted to be a siphovirus (VIRFAM). No close relationship to other viruses was found using phylogenetic tree reconstructions based on TerL and Mcp. Unexpectedly, the sequenced virus stock HC1 also revealed two induced proviruses of the host: a siphovirus (Humcor1) and a pleolipovirus (Humcor2). A re-examination of other similarly sequenced, archival virus stocks revealed induced proviruses of Haloferax volcanii, Haloferax gibbonsii and Haloarcula hispanica, three of which were pleolipoviruses. One provirus (Halfvol2) of Hfx. volcanii showed little similarity (BLASTn) to known viruses and probably represents a novel virus group. The attP sequences of many pleolipoproviruses were found to be embedded in a newly detected coding sequence, split in the provirus state, that spans between genes for integrase and a downstream CxxC-motif protein. This gene might play an important role in regulation of the temperate state.

scholarly journals Kazachstania siamensis sp. nov., an ascomycetous yeast species from forest soil in Thailand

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savitree Limtong ◽  
Wichien Yongmanitchai ◽  
Moe Moe Tun ◽  
Hiroko Kawasaki ◽  
Tatsuji Seki
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Ascomycetous Yeast ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Large Subunit Rdna

Two strains (S-34T and S-35) of a novel ascomycetous yeast species belonging to the genus Kazachstania were isolated from soil from a mixed deciduous forest in Amphoe Wang Nam Khiao, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The D1/D2 domains of the large-subunit rDNA sequences of the two strains were identical and also indicated a close relationship with respect to Kazachstania aquatica, Kazachstania unispora, Kazachstania aerobia, Kazachstania servazzii and Kazachstania solicola. The most closely related species, K. aquatica, has 14 nucleotide substitutions and three gaps in 566 nt. The phenotypic characteristics of the two strains were typical of those of members of the genus Kazachstania. These characteristics include the formation of a single globose ascospore in an unconjugated and persistent ascus, multilateral budding, the absence of arthrospores and ballistospores, the fermentation of glucose, the inability to assimilate nitrate, negative diazonium blue B and urease reactions, and the presence of ubiquinone Q-6. The novel strains can be distinguished from K. aquatica on the basis of a number of phenotypic characteristics and represent a novel species in the genus Kazachstania, for which the name Kazachstania siamensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S-34T (=CBS 10361T=NBRC 101968T=BCC 21230T).

scholarly journals COVID-19: An Updated Insight of the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghunath Satpathy ◽  
Prangya Ranjan Rout
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Current State ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The City ◽  
Trial Phase

Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) out-broke in the city of Wuhan in China and widely spread across the globe in a pandemic manner, causing societal and economic disruptions. Though the origin of the novel virus is still a debating topic, it is certain that SARS-CoV-2 acquired human to human transmission capacity. Regardless of aggressive containment and quarantine approaches, the number of confirmed cases continues to rise and being reported due to its highly infectious nature. As of the time, there is a little scope for the antiviral drugs or vaccines for the treatment of coronavirus infection; due to the vigorous mutation rate in the viral genome. However, existing anti-parasite drugs like ivermectin and chloroquine could effectively inhibit the virus has been reported. Few of the vaccines have come up with certain degree of efficacy and many are under the clinical trial phase. The research on novel coronavirus is still in the preliminary stage. In this chapter, we systematically summarize the origin, transmission route, molecular characterization, pathogenic mechanism, contagious nature, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, mutation and infection as well as prevention strategy of coronavirus disease based on the recently available literature. In addition to this, this chapter presents updated insights of the current state of knowledge pertaining to novel coronavirus and can be referred for potential future studies.

scholarly journals Cryptococcus rajasthanensis sp. nov., an anamorphic yeast species related to Cryptococcus laurentii, isolated from Rajasthan, India

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puja Saluja ◽  
G. S. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Large Subunit ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
The Novel ◽  
D2 Domain ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Anamorphic Yeast ◽  
Physiological Tests

Two novel anamorphic yeast strains (S-15LT and 3-C1) were isolated from the inflorescences of plants collected in two different towns in Rajasthan State, India. Sequencing of the D1/D2 domains of the large-subunit (LSU) rDNA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions suggested they are strains of the same species. Phenotypic characteristics such as the absence of fermentation, the absence of sexual structures and ballistoconidia, the assimilation of myo-inositol and d-glucuronate, and positive Diazonium blue B and urease reactions indicated that these strains belong to the genus Cryptococcus. The novel strains differed from Cryptococcus laurentii in six physiological tests and differed from other related species in more than six tests. A phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rDNA and the ITS regions placed these strains in the Bulleromyces clade within the order Tremellales, with C. laurentii as their closest described relative. The novel strains showed 1.6 and 7.5 % divergence in the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rDNA and ITS regions, respectively, with respect to C. laurentii. The divergence from other species was more than 3 % for the D1/D2 domain and more than 9 % for the ITS region. On the basis of the phenotypic and molecular data, strains S-15LT and 3-C1 represent a novel species within the genus Cryptococcus, for which the name Cryptococcus rajasthanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S-15LT (=MTCC 7075T=CBS 10406T).

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Spatial Activity and Anxiety Levels in the COVID-19 Pandemic from Evolutionary Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1110
Author(s):  
Olga Semenova ◽  
Julia Apalkova ◽  
Marina Butovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
General Level ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Health Attitudes ◽  
Spatial Activity ◽  
Sexual Specialization ◽  
The Face ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Virus Spreading

Despite the enforced lockdown regime in late March 2020 in Russia, the phenomenon of the continued virus spreading highlighted the importance of studies investigating the range of biosocial attributes and spectrum of individual motivations underlying the permanent presence of the substantial level of spatial activity. For this matter, we conducted a set of surveys between March and June 2020 (N = 492). We found that an individual’s health attitude is the most consistent factor explaining mobility differences. However, our data suggested that wariness largely determines adequate health attitudes; hence, a higher level of wariness indirectly reduced individual mobility. Comparative analysis revealed the critical biosocial differences between the two sexes, potentially rooted in the human evolutionary past. Females were predisposed to express more wariness in the face of new environmental risks; therefore, they minimize their mobility and outdoor contacts. In contrast to them, the general level of spatial activity reported by males was significantly higher. Wariness in the males’ sample was less associated with the novel virus threat, but to a great extent, it was predicted by the potential economic losses variable. These findings correspond to the evolutionary predictions of sexual specialization and the division of family roles.

scholarly journals Sympodiomyces attinorum sp. nov., a yeast species associated with nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1891-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange C. Carreiro ◽  
Fernando C. Pagnocca ◽  
Maurício Bacci ◽  
Marc-André Lachance ◽  
Odair C. Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Species ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Large Subunit Rrna ◽  
Waste Deposit

Four strains of a novel yeast species were isolated from laboratory nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens in Brazil. Three strains were found in older sponges and one was in a waste deposit in the ant nests. Sequencing of the D1/D2 region of the large-subunit rRNA gene showed that the novel species, named Sympodiomyces attinorum sp. nov., is phylogenetically related to Sympodiomyces parvus. Unlike Sympodiomyces parvus, Sympodiomyces attinorum can ferment glucose, assimilate methyl α-d-glucoside, salicin and citrate, and grow at 37 °C, thus enabling these two species to be distinguished. Differentiation from other related species is possible on the basis of other growth characteristics. The type strain of Sympodiomyces attinorum is UNESP-S156T (=CBS 9734T=NRRL Y-27639T).

scholarly journals COVID 19 Dawn from Wuhan: “The Number Game”

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-568
Author(s):  
Sumit Chawla ◽  
Harinder Singh ◽  
Bharti Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Novel Virus

On 31st December 2019, China informed local WHO office of "cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology detected in Wuhan. As of 6th May 2020, there are nearly 3.6 million cases of corona virus infection and approximately 0.25 million deaths worldwide. The real-time data regarding the actual number of cases, as it originates from the epicenter is the key to the estimation of the case fatality rate, hospitalization rates, expected timeline of arrival of contagion, and other epidemiological data. The novel virus has no available literature pertaining to its epidemiological parameters, on which experts can base their estimates and hence the challenge in planning for epidemic management. Bolstering this challenge are the reports alleging under-reporting by Chinese authorities. Alleged toned down numbers could have led to erroneously low estimates contributing to inadequate public health response globally. We conducted a simulation on epidemiological model of COVID-19 to find out expected time off arrival of infections and mortality in different countries and compared this to actual data.

scholarly journals Diving into the Subconscious of Women and Nature: Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing as an Ecofeminist Novel

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Hyma Santhosh
Keyword(s):  
Margaret Atwood ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Life Worth Living ◽  
Female Community ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
Self Discovery

Woman and nature can be considered the best creations of god. Both together keep the earth alive and balanced through the process of creation. The male dominated practices have destroyed the nature as well as women. This paper deals with the different aspects of Eco-feminism through the novel Surfacing by Margaret Atwood. The narrator’s quest to the wilderness of Canada in search for her father which leads to a quest of self-discovery in the lap of nature becomes the major focus of this paper. The unknown protagonist becomes a representative of the entire female community. The realization that women are just an object to be conquered and violated by men is what leads to the ‘surfacing’ of the protagonist. In complete harmony with nature excluding clothes, language, food etc. the protagonist goes crazy which gives her more happiness that with her other relationships. The paper also tries to analyse the close relationship between women and nature and how the virgin nature and woman are destroyed by the invasion of the male community. Repressed gender roles, submissiveness, self-realization through nature and the challenges faced by women that are presented. The concept of women and nature as both victims of the male dominated society is also emphasized. This novel is the perfect literary example of an Eco-feminist work that portrays the destruction of women and nature even in the minutest episodes in the novel. Nature is a treasure-house of many myths that lay hidden in the beliefs, rights and rituals of the aboriginals which are passed from one generation to another. In the same manner women also are the sustainer's of many myths that the male society has made upon her. The mother i.e. both woman and nature is examined here.In a vast country like Canada,nature comprises to its majority through its wilderness.This wilderness hides many priceless virtues and knowledge that can be learnt only in complete harmony with nature.Surfacing is not just the journey of a woman but it is the quest that the female gender thrives for.This paper combines the theories of eco-criticism, eco-feminism and to analyse the novel Surfacing into a biological whole that merges nature, man and the beliefs of man that make existence meaningful and life worth living. In an era of rapid industrialization and materialism, it is necessary to go on a quest back to nature and learn how life was easier in the lap of nature. Great writers like Shakespeare,Chaucer and Wordsworth were able to carve out such master pieces only because of their relationship with the purest and virgin nature which is the greatest teacher for mankind of all times.

scholarly journals Ogataea mangiferae sp. nov., a methylotrophic yeast isolated from mango leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_6) ◽  
pp. 1855-1859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Raquel O. Santos ◽  
Elisa S. Faria ◽  
Marc-André Lachance ◽  
Carlos A. Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Methylotrophic Yeast ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mango Leaves

Five strains of a novel methanol-assimilating yeast species were isolated from mango (Mangifera indica) leaves collected at the campus of the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Brazil. The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit of the rRNA gene showed that this species belongs to the Ogataea clade and is related to O. allantospora, O. chonburiensis, O. dorogensis, O. kodamae, O. paradorogensis and Candida xyloterini (Ogataea clade). The novel species differs in the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit of the rRNA gene by 12 to 40 substitutions from these Ogataea species. The name Ogataea mangiferae sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species. The type strain of Ogataea mangiferae sp. nov. is UFMG-CM-Y253T ( = CBS 13492T). The Mycobank number is MB 811646.

COGNITIVE FOUNDATIONS OF IMPLEMENTING NOVEL GENRE CHARACTERISTICS (based on the analysis of “Never Let Me Go” by Kazuo Ishiguro)

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
N.N. Boldyrev ◽  
◽  
B.S. Zhumagulova ◽  
D.T. Kurmanbayeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Theoretical Assumption ◽  
Matrix Space ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Kazuo Ishiguro ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Individual Interpretation

The article analyses the role of chronotope in implementing genre characteristics of different types of novels within the frame of one novel in a cognitive approach perspective. The authors proceed from the theoretical assumption that the content of any novel represents a multidimensional knowledge of the matrix format comprising various types of conceptual domains as specific cognitive contexts. These contexts refer to the knowledge not only about the plot and the composition of the novel, but also about its genre characteristics and their individual interpretation by the author of the novel. Accordingly, they choose cognitive matrix analysis as the methodological basis of the research. Particular attention is focused on the analysis of general principles and mechanisms of the author's individual interpretation and implementation of the concept of chronotope, suggested by M.M. Bakhtin, within the framework of a specific novel. In relation to the novel under discussion the authors of the article model chronotope in the form of the cognitive matrix SPACE-TIME CONTINUUM and analyze its conceptual structure as it is seen by the author of the novel, as well as his choice of means of its representation in language. The results of the cognitive matrix and linguistic analysis lead to the conclusion that typical genre features of the novel are implemented through characteristics of the basic concepts of the respective conceptual domains and means of their linguistic representation. The article also argues close relationship between all of these characteristics and the dominant role of some of them in relation to the others.

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