scholarly journals Soil Liquefaction Assessment Using Soft Computing Approaches Based on Capacity Energy Concept

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Zhixiong Chen ◽  
Hongrui Li ◽  
Anthony Teck Chee Goh ◽  
Chongzhi Wu ◽  
Wengang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Soft Computing ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Liquefaction Resistance ◽  
Energy Concept

Soil liquefaction is one of the most complicated phenomena to assess in geotechnical earthquake engineering. The conventional procedures developed to determine the liquefaction potential of sandy soil deposits can be categorized into three main groups: Stress-based, strain-based, and energy-based procedures. The main advantage of the energy-based approach over the remaining two methods is the fact that it considers the effects of strain and stress concurrently unlike the stress or strain-based methods. Several liquefaction evaluation procedures and approaches have been developed relating the capacity energy to the initial soil parameters, such as the relative density, initial effective confining pressure, fine contents, and soil textural properties. In this study, based on the capacity energy database by Baziar et al. (2011), analyses have been carried out on a total of 405 previously published tests using soft computing approaches, including Ridge, Lasso & LassoCV, Random Forest, eXtreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost), and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) approaches, to assess the capacity energy required to trigger liquefaction in sand and silty sands. The results clearly prove the capability of the proposed models and the capacity energy concept to assess liquefaction resistance of soils. It is also proposed that these approaches should be used as cross-validation against each other. The result shows that the capacity energy is most sensitive to the relative density.

Evaluating cyclic liquefaction potential using the cone penetration test

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
P K Robertson ◽  
CE (Fear) Wride
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Cone Penetration Test ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Liquefaction Resistance ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Research Workshop

Soil liquefaction is a major concern for structures constructed with or on sandy soils. This paper describes the phenomena of soil liquefaction, reviews suitable definitions, and provides an update on methods to evaluate cyclic liquefaction using the cone penetration test (CPT). A method is described to estimate grain characteristics directly from the CPT and to incorporate this into one of the methods for evaluating resistance to cyclic loading. A worked example is also provided, illustrating how the continuous nature of the CPT can provide a good evaluation of cyclic liquefaction potential, on an overall profile basis. This paper forms part of the final submission by the authors to the proceedings of the 1996 National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research workshop on evaluation of liquefaction resistance of soils.Key words: cyclic liquefaction, sandy soils, cone penetration test

A Neural Network Model for Evaluating Gravel Liquefaction Using Dynamic Penetration Test

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 2620-2623
Author(s):  
Qing Xu ◽  
Fei Kang ◽  
Jun Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Gravelly Soil ◽  
Gravelly Soils ◽  
Dynamic Penetration

Evaluation of liquefaction potential of soils is important in geotechnical earthquake engineering. Significant phenomena of gravelly soil liquefaction were reported in 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Thus, further studies on the liquefaction potential of gravelly soil are needed. This paper investigates the potential of artificial neural networks-based approach to assess the liquefaction potential of gravelly soils form field data of dynamic penetration test. The success rates for occurrence and non-occurrence of liquefaction cases both are 100%. The study suggests that neural networks can successfully model the complex relationship between seismic parameters, soil parameters, and the liquefaction potential of gravelly soils.

A Study of Liquefaction Resistance of Composite Foundation of CFG and Stone Columns

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 897-900
Author(s):  
Chun Mei Zhang ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Guan Peng Zhi
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Composite Foundation ◽  
Stone Columns ◽  
Liquefaction Resistance ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Saturated Sands

Liquefaction of saturated sands remains an important topic in Geotechnical earthquake engineering. Amongst various review measures available,the use of CFG Column and stone columns Composite foundation to prevent liquefaction can achieves good results. In this paper, a detailed review on effectiveness of densification, drainage and reinforcement of CFG column and stone columns Composite foundation for the resistance of soil liquefaction during earthquakes is presented.

scholarly journals Effects of fines content on liquefaction strength and dynamic settlement of reclaimed soil

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lien-Kwei Chien ◽  
Yan-Nam Oh ◽  
Chih-Hsin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Volumetric Strain ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Liquefaction Resistance ◽  
Fines Content ◽  
Reclaimed Soil ◽  
Dynamic Settlement

In this study, the reclaimed soils in the Yunlin area of west Taiwan are adopted as test samples. The specimens were prepared by moist tamping at different relative densities and fines contents. Triaxial liquefaction tests were performed to evaluate the liquefaction strength and liquefaction-induced settlement. The test results show that the liquefaction strength of reclaimed soil increases as the relative density increases. In addition, under constant relative density, the liquefaction strength decreases as the fines content increases. Based on the test results and one-dimensional consolidation theory, the volumetric strain and settlement can be evaluated by dry density and fines content of the reclaimed soil. The results show that the settlement ratio decreases as the relative density increases. The figures and results can be references for the evaluation of liquefaction strength and liquefaction-induced settlement. The results are useful for liquefaction strength and settlement analysis for planning, design, and related research on land reclamation engineering.Key words: reclaimed soil, liquefaction resistance, fines content, settlement.

Experimental Research on Liquefaction Behavior of Saturated Silt in Anhui Area

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 943-946
Author(s):  
Wu Gang Wang ◽  
Shu Wang Yan ◽  
Xiao Qiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Excess Pore Pressure ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Liquefaction Resistance ◽  
Silty Soil ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Structure Collapse

The liquefaction for saturated silty foundation can be usually incurred under dynamic loading, such as vehicular loading and earthquakes. The silty soil liquefaction caused by earthquake is mostly the direct reason for the foundation invalidation and the structure collapse. To analyze the liquefaction behavior of saturated silty soil from Anhui Province under high seismic shock, a series of dynamic triaxial tests are carried out under the given density of remolded saturated silt with different confining pressure conditions varying from 1 m to 10 m depth in the laboratory. The increasing law of liquefaction resistance of the remolded saturated silt in Anhui province, dynamic intensity and the process of excess pore pressure are obtained from the dynamic triaxial test research. Meanwhile, the maximum liquefaction depth and the dynamic deformation properties are also illuminated based on dynamic triaxial tests, which can provide scientific data to further make engineering measures preventing the silty foundation from liquefying.

scholarly journals Interpretive Structural Modeling and MICMAC Analysis for Identifying and Benchmarking Significant Factors of Seismic Soil Liquefaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Ahmad ◽  
Xiao-Wei Tang ◽  
Jiang-Nan Qiu ◽  
Feezan Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Matrix Multiplication ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Significant Factors

Seismic soil liquefaction is considered as one of the most complex geotechnical earthquake engineering problems owing to the uncertainty and complexity involved in soil parameters, seismic parameters, and site condition factors. Each one of these parameters contains a variety of factors that trigger liquefaction and have varying degrees of importance. However, estimating accurate and reliable liquefaction-induced hazards requires identification and benchmarking of the most influential factors that control soil liquefaction. Seismic soil liquefaction factors were identified by Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach and analyzed through Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and the Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) methodologies. The ISM model presented the relationships between fifteen seismic soil liquefaction factors and their benchmarking position from higher to lower-level significant factors in hierarchy. MICMAC is used to examine the strength of the relationship between seismic soil liquefaction significant factors based on their driving and dependence power. This research characterizes the identification and benchmarking of the seismic soil liquefaction factors and their relationships. The results show that the factors—duration of earthquake, peak ground acceleration, drainage condition, and standard penetration test (SPT) blow counts—influence seismic soil liquefaction directly and soil type is the governing factor that forms the base of the ISM hierarchy and consequently triggers seismic soil liquefaction. The results provide a more accurate way of selecting significant factors for establishment of seismic soil liquefaction potential and liquefaction-induced hazards risk assessment models.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Liquefaction Properties and Post-Liquefaction Volumetric Strain of Calcareous Sand in Dredger Fill Site

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenghua Zhao ◽  
Yanlin Zhao ◽  
Jiang He ◽  
Zhenzhong Cao ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Volumetric Strain ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Calcareous Sand ◽  
Liquefaction Resistance ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Pressure Development ◽  
Dredger Fill

In this study, dynamic triaxial cyclic tests were conducted to examine the liquefaction properties and post-liquefaction volumetric strain of calcareous sand from a dredger fill site in the midst of the islands and reefs of the South China Sea. The test results indicated that there were some differences in micromorphology and composition between the calcareous sand obtained via dredging and natural calcareous sand. Axial cyclic stress attenuation can lead to higher cyclic vibration than actual liquefaction vibration, and the modified method can eliminate the effect of axial cyclic stress attenuation. Saturated calcareous sand liquefies under undrained and cyclic loading conditions, and the liquefaction resistance of the calcareous sand decreases with an increase of the effective confining pressure in the dense state. Calcareous sand obtained via dredging exhibited a higher liquefaction resistance compared with other types of calcareous sand. Furthermore, the proposed pore pressure development modified model better describes the pore pressure growth of the calcareous sand from the filling site. The fitting parameters of this model exhibited a high correlation with the relative density. Moreover, the post-liquefaction volumetric strain of the calcareous sand is larger than that of quartz sand, exhibiting a linear relationship with relative density.

scholarly journals Calibration of Finn Model and UBCSAND Model for Simplified Liquefaction Analysis Procedures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5283
Author(s):  
Jui-Ching Chou ◽  
Hsueh-Tusng Yang ◽  
Der-Guey Lin
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Analysis Procedure ◽  
Liquefaction Resistance ◽  
Simplified Procedure ◽  
Liquefaction Analysis

Soil-liquefaction-related hazards can damage structures or lead to an extensive loss of life and property. Therefore, the stability and safety of structures against soil liquefaction are essential for evaluation in earthquake design. In practice, the simplified liquefaction analysis procedure associated with numerical simulation analysis is the most used approach for evaluating the behavior of structures or the effectiveness of mitigation plans. First, the occurrence of soil liquefaction is evaluated using the simplified procedure. If soil liquefaction occurs, the resulting structural damage or the following mitigation plan is evaluated using the numerical simulation analysis. Rational and comparable evaluation results between the simplified liquefaction analysis procedure and the numerical simulation analysis are achieved by ensuring that the liquefaction constitutive model used in the numerical simulation has a consistent liquefaction resistance with the simplified liquefaction analysis procedure. In this study, two frequently used liquefaction constitutive models (Finn model and UBCSAND model) were calibrated by fitting the liquefaction triggering curves of most used simplified liquefaction analysis procedures (NCEER, HBF, JRA96, and T-Y procedures) in Taiwan via FLAC program. In addition, the responses of two calibrated models were compared and discussed to provide guidelines for selecting an appropriate liquefaction constitutive model in future projects.

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