scholarly journals Review of Recent Developments and Understanding of Atterberg Limits Determinations

Geotechnics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Brendan C. O’Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Thread Rolling

Among the most commonly specified tests in the geotechnical engineering industry, the liquid limit and plastic limit tests are principally used for (i) deducing useful design parameter values from existing correlations with these consistency limits and (ii) for classifying fine-grained soils, typically employing the Casagrande-style plasticity chart. This updated state-of-the-art review paper gives a comprehensive presentation of salient latest research and understanding of soil consistency limits determinations/measurement, elaborating concisely on the many standardized and proposed experimental testing approaches, their various fundamental aspects and possibly pitfalls, as well as some very recent alternative proposals for consistency limits determinations. Specific attention is given to fall cone testing methods advocated (but totally unsuitable) for plastic limit determination; that is, the water content at the plastic–brittle transition point, as defined using the hand rolling of threads method. A framework (utilizing strength-based fall cone-derived parameters) appropriate for correlating shear strength variation with water content over the conventional plastic range is presented. This paper then describes two new fine-grained soil classification system advancements (charts) that do not rely on the thread-rolling plastic limit test, known to have high operator variability, and concludes by discussing alternative and emerging proposals for consistency limits determinations and fine-grained soil classification.

scholarly journals Reappraisal of the ASTM/AASHTO Standard Rolling Device Method for Plastic Limit Determination of Fine-Grained Soils

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Amin Soltani ◽  
Brendan C. O’Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Soil Plasticity ◽  
Reference Limit ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Thread Rolling ◽  
Hand Test ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility

Given its apparent limitations, various attempts have been made to develop alternative testing approaches to the standardized rolling-thread plastic limit (PLRT) method (for fine-grained soils), targeting higher degrees of repeatability and reproducibility. Among these, device-rolling techniques, including the method described in ASTM D4318/AASHTO T90 standards, based on original work by Bobrowski and Griekspoor (BG) and which follows the same basic principles as the standard thread-rolling (by hand) test, have been highly underrated by some researchers. To better understand the true potentials and/or limitations of the BG method for soil plasticity determination (i.e., PLBG), this paper presents a critical reappraisal of the PLRT–PLBG relationship using a comprehensive statistical analysis performed on a large and diverse database of 60 PLRT–PLBG test pairs. It is demonstrated that for a given fine-grained soil, the BG and RT methods produce essentially similar PL values. The 95% lower and upper (water content) statistical agreement limits between PLBG and PLRT were, respectively, obtained as −5.03% and +4.51%, and both deemed “statistically insignificant” when compared to the inductively-defined reference limit of ±8% (i.e., the highest possible difference in PLRT based on its repeatability, as reported in the literature). Furthermore, the likelihoods of PLBG underestimating and overestimating PLRT were 50% and 40%, respectively; debunking the notion presented by some researchers that the BG method generally tends to greatly underestimate PLRT. It is also shown that the degree of underestimation/overestimation does not systematically change with changes in basic soil properties; suggesting that the differences between PLBG and PLRT are most likely random in nature. Compared to PLRT, the likelihood of achieving consistent soil classifications employing PLBG (along with the liquid limit) was shown to be 98%, with the identified discrepancies being cases that plot relatively close to the A-Line. As such, PLBG can be used with confidence for soil classification purposes.

scholarly journals Measurement of Degree of Compaction of Fine-Grained Soil Subgrade Using Light Dynamic Penetrometer

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Junhui Zhang ◽  
Yongsheng Yao ◽  
Jianlong Zheng ◽  
Xiangqun Huang ◽  
Tian Lan
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Penetration Ratio ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Measured Water ◽  
Water Contents

To determine the degree of compaction of subgrades filled with fine-grained soil, the compaction test and light dynamic penetrometer (LDP) test were carried out for low liquid-limit clay samples with different water contents in laboratory. Then, a prediction equation of the penetration ratio (PR) defined as the depth per drop of the hammer of LDP, degree of compaction (K), and water content (ω) was built. After that, the existing fine-grained soil subgrades on LDP-based field tests were excavated. The on-site PR values, water contents, and degrees of compaction of slopes were obtained. The estimated degrees of compaction using the prediction equation were compared with measured values of the degree of compaction in field. The results show that there is good consistency between them, and an error within 3.5% was obtained. In addition, the water content should be determined firstly while using the prediction equation which is proposed in this study. Therefore, a numerical method of the water content of a subgrade was developed, and the predicted and measured water contents were compared, which shows a relatively high relativity. Then, the degree of compaction of fine-grained soil subgrades can be calculated according to the predicting equation, which involves the penetration ratio (PR) and the numerically calculated water content as input instead of the measured value in the field.

Mechanization for Remolding Fine Grained Soils and for the Plastic Limit Test

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
SF Etris ◽  
KC Lieb ◽  
VK Sisca ◽  
IC Moore ◽  
AL Batik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Limit Test

scholarly journals STABILITAS STRUKTUR TANAH JENIS EKSPANSIF MENGGUNAKAN KOMBINASI ABU DAUN

UKaRsT ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Rekso Ajiono ◽  
Herlan Pratikto
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Atterberg Limit

Dalam bidang konstruksi Tanah adalah suatu media pijakan inti dari sebuah bangunan. Struktur Tanah yang sebagian banyak terdapat lempung didalam komponennya adalah bersifat Monmorillonite. Tingkat stabilitas tanah yang bersifat Montmorillonite terbilang kurang bagus terhadap daya topang infrastruktur bangunan. Cara stabilitas tanah pada penelitian berikut adalah dengan menggunakan abu daun pada variasi penambahan 5%, 10%, 15% dan 20% dengan melakukan pengujian Water Content dan uji gradasi pada struktur tanah asli yang digunakan sebagai sampel penelitian, Uji tanah sampel diambil dari area perumahan wilis indah kota Kediri yang bersifat Montmorillonite. Pada test uji stabilitas tanah adalah dengan menggunakan benda uji mix tanah montmorillonite dengan abu daun dengan melakukan uji Berat Isi, Batas konsistensi (Atterberg Limit) dan Pemadatan Tanah (Proctor). Pada hasil penelitian struktur tanah asli dikategorikan momoroillonite dan setelah ditambah ampas kopi pada penambahan divariasi maksimal sebesar 20%, nilai Liquid Limit naik menjadi 43% dan nilai Plastic Limit mengalami kenaikan menjadi 31,64%, sehingga index plastic dapat mengalami peningkatan menjadi 11,36%. Saat uji pemadatan dengan kondisi benda uji padat sempurna, berat volume kering tanah asli sebesar 6,72 gr/cm3 dan setelah ditambahkan abu daun sebesar 20% mengalami peningkatan berat volume kering menjadi 10,56 gr/cm3.Kata Kunci: Tanah, Abu daun, Stabilitas Tanah

Microstructural Interpretation of Water Content and Dry Density Influence on the DC-Electrical Resistivity of a Fine-Grained Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 103763
Author(s):  
L. D. Suits ◽  
T. C. Sheahan ◽  
Yves-Laurent Beck ◽  
Sérgio Palma Lopes ◽  
Valéry Ferber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Dc Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grained Soil

scholarly journals Remediation of Clayey Soil Using Silica Fume

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 01017
Author(s):  
Kawther Al-Soudany
Keyword(s):  
Silica Fume ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Pozzolanic Reactivity ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Swell Pressure

This paper evaluates the use of silica fumes as modification of fine-grained soil in order to alter undesirable properties of the native soil and create new useful soils. Silica fume as well as clay material, are used in changing the engineering properties to be compatible and satisfying this is due to their pozzolanic reactivity. The study aims to investigate the uses of these materials in geotechnical engineering and to improve the properties of soils. Four percentages of silica fumes were used in the present study, which is 0, 3, 5 and 7%. Classification, specific gravity, compaction characteristics, swell and swell pressure, CBR and compressive strength tests had been conducted on the prepared and modified soils. Results clarified that the silica fume increasing leads to decrease the plasticity index and liquid limit. Increasing in silica fume causes an increasing in plastic limit and optimum water contents while the maximum dry unit weight values decrease. The compressive shear strength, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), swell and swell pressure is improved by using silica fume so that silica fume can be considered as a successful material in improving the soil properties.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SIRTU TERHADAP NILAI CBR SUBGRADE RUAS JALAN KOYA TENGAH DISTRIK MUARA TAMI KOTA JAYAPURA (QUARRY SIRTU HARAPAN KABUPATEN JAYAPURA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Alfian Adie Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Cement Soil

The problem of the bearing capacity of the subgrade is one of the most important thingsconsidered in a planning and work of a civil building construction. This matterbecause the soil functions as a medium that withstands the load or action of the constructionbuilt on it. Changes in weather and temperature in the field are factors that makeunstable ground. Many stabilizations have been carried out using cement soil, howeverrequires no small cost and also the results of the implementation of the soil stabilizationrelatively short-lived. Therefore, this research was conducted using a mixture ofsirtu with mixed variations of 15%, 20% and 30%. More variety of mixThe added sirtu causes the water content to decrease which will make the power value decreasethe bearing capacity of the soil increases, the value of the plastic limit increases, while the value of the liquid limit and indexthe plasticity of the soil decreases.

scholarly journals STABILISASI TANAH LEMPUNG MENGGUNAKAN KERIKIL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DAYA DUKUNG (CBR) DI LABORATORIUM SEBAGAI BAHAN TIMBUNAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Annisaa Dwiretnani
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Soil Plasticity ◽  
Cbr Test

Clay is a type of soil that has a high shrinkage when the change in water content. Construction of roads built on clay soil often damaged, eg cracked or bumpy roads would be damaged so that road before reaching the age of the plan. This study analyzes the behavior of clay in the area of Mendalo Darat, Provinsi Jambi, get maximum soil density and optimum moisture content with the addition of gravel 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, then tested in the from of nature of the soil, the California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The results, according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) methods. The addition of gravel will cause the properties of the soil Liquid Limit (LL) decreased with Plastic Limit (PL) decreased so that the Plasticity Index (PI) decreased. The addition of gravel will be working actively on the CBR test. From the test results obtained, clay that is stabilized with gravel on variations of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% indicate an increase in crayying capacity soil and significant decrease in plasticity index. On the gravel mixture of 40% there is significant increase in carrying capacity of 11,90% of power support for the original soil, and on the gravel mixture of 40% also decreased index plasticity of 1,21 % of the original soil plasticity index. The smaller the plasticity index, the carrying capacity is getting bigger.Keywords: clay, stabilized, CBR

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