scholarly journals Population Health and Paid Parental Leave: What the United States Can Learn from Two Decades of Research

Healthcare ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Burtle ◽  
Stephen Bezruchka
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
The United States ◽  
Paid Parental Leave

The Value of Postponing Pregnancy: California’s Paid Family Leave and the Timing of Pregnancies

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1467-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirlee Lichtman-Sadot
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Hispanic Origin ◽  
Monetary Benefit ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Paid Parental Leave ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Conditioning a monetary benefit on individuals’ family status can create distortions, even in individuals’ seemingly personal decisions, such as the birth of a child. Birth timing and its response to various policies has been studied by economists in several papers. However, pregnancy timing – i.e. the timing of conception – and its response to policy announcements has not been examined. This paper makes use of a 21-month lag between announcing California’s introduction of the first paid parental leave program in the United States and its scheduled implementation to evaluate whether women timed their pregnancies in order to be eligible for the expected benefit. Using natality data, documenting all births in the United States, a difference-in-differences approach compares California births to births in states outside of California before the program’s introduction and in 2004, the year California introduced paid parental leave. The results show that the distribution of California births in 2004 significantly shifted from the first half of the year to the second half of the year, immediately after the program’s implementation. While the effect is present for all population segments of new mothers, it is largest for disadvantaged mothers – with lower education levels, of Hispanic origin, younger, and not married. These results shed light on the population segments most affected by the introduction of paid parental leave and on the equitable nature of paid parental leave policies.

A Better America

2019 ◽  
pp. 160-201
Author(s):  
Lane Kenworthy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Housing Assistance ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
Paid Parental Leave

Abstract: If the United States were to expand some of its existing public social programs and add some additional ones, many ordinary Americans would have better lives. I offer recommendations to add or improve health insurance, paid parental leave, a child allowance, unemployment insurance and wage insurance, sickness insurance, disability assistance, social assistance, pensions, eldercare, housing assistance, early education, apprenticeships, college, affirmative action, full employment, the minimum wage, the Earned Income Tax Credit, profit sharing, infrastructure and public spaces, and paid vacation days and holidays. After outlining the details for each of these, I turn to how much it will cost and how to pay for it.

The Overworked American Parent

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-68
Author(s):  
Maxine Eichner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
The United States ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Paid Parental Leave ◽  
The Government ◽  
Do So

This chapter asks why Americans work such long hours and have so much difficulty balancing work and family lives. The answer, it asserts, lies in our lawmakers’ choice to favor markets over families. Families in the United States have to strike the balance between work and family on their own, with no help from the government. They must do so in an economy characterized by pervasive inequality and insecurity. Other countries help families strike this balance through a range of measures, including limits on mandatory work hours and paid parental leave. They have also intervened to reduce economic inequality and insecurity. In the United States, the result of half a century of failing to regulate markets to support families is that adults wind up working long hours in order to provide for their families. Even workers who succeed in the brutal economic competition that our economy incentivizes do so at significant cost to their family lives. When they get home, these same economic pressures cause parents to spend long hours intensively parenting their kids in efforts to ensure that they too can succeed in the economic competition once they become adults.

Paid parental leave for surgeons in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza M. Slama ◽  
Helen M. Johnson ◽  
Yangyang R. Yu ◽  
Hibba Sumra ◽  
Maria S. Altieri
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
The United States ◽  
Paid Parental Leave

scholarly journals Dual MD–MPH Degree Students in the United States: Moving the Medical Workforce Toward Population Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492097842
Author(s):  
Jo Marie Reilly ◽  
Christine M. Plepys ◽  
Michael R. Cousineau
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Master Of Public Health ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Public Health Training ◽  
The Impact

Objective A growing need exists to train physicians in population health to meet the increasing need and demand for physicians with leadership, health data management/metrics, and epidemiology skills to better serve the health of the community. This study examines current trends in students pursuing a dual doctor of medicine (MD)–master of public health (MPH) degree (MD–MPH) in the United States. Methods We conducted an extensive literature review of existing MD–MPH databases to determine characteristics (eg, sex, race/ethnicity, MPH area of study) of this student cohort in 2019. We examined a trend in the MD community to pursue an MPH career, adding additional public health and health care policy training to the MD workforce. We conducted targeted telephone interviews with 20 admissions personnel and faculty at schools offering MD–MPH degrees in the United States with the highest number of matriculants and graduates. Interviews focused on curricula trends in medical schools that offer an MD–MPH degree. Results No literature describes the US MD–MPH cohort, and available MD–MPH databases are limited and incomplete. We found a 434% increase in the number of students pursuing an MD–MPH degree from 2010 to 2018. The rate of growth was greater than the increase in either the number of medical students (16%) or the number of MPH students (65%) alone. Moreover, MD–MPH students as a percentage of total MPH students more than tripled, from 1.1% in 2010 to 3.6% in 2018. Conclusions As more MD students pursue public health training, the impact of an MPH degree on medical school curricula, MD–MPH graduates, and MD–MPH career pursuits should be studied using accurate and comprehensive databases.

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