scholarly journals Global Scope of Hospital Pharmacy Practice: A Scoping Review

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Aya Ahmed Abousheishaa ◽  
Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman ◽  
Hasniza Zaman Huri ◽  
Syahrir Zaini ◽  
Nurul Adha Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Clinical Pharmacy ◽  
Hospital Pharmacy ◽  
English Language ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Pharmacy Services ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Related Factors

The pharmacy profession has undergone tremendous changes over the past few decades. Pharmacists’ roles have expanded their boundaries to encompass more patient-centered services. However, the degree to which these roles are practised may vary. This scoping review is aimed at describing the extent and range of the professional pharmacy services offered in hospital pharmacies across different countries and the barriers underlying inappropriate or incomplete implementation of these services. Studies published in the English language between 2015 and 2019 were retrieved from the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, EBSCO Discovery Service, and Web of Science. A thematic analysis across the included studies produced two main themes. “Scope of practice” comprised three subthemes: pharmaceutical care practice, clinical pharmacy practice, and public health services and “Multiple levels of influence” comprised five subthemes: individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and public policy-related factors. The hospital pharmacy services across countries ranged from traditional drug-centered pharmacy practice to a more progressive, clinically oriented practice. In some countries, there is an apparent inadequacy in the clinical pharmacy services provided compared to other clinical settings. Understanding the current pharmacy practice culture across different health care systems is an essential step towards improving the profession.

scholarly journals Establishing a New Ambulatory Care Practice Site as a Pharmacy Practice Faculty

Pharmacy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasudha Gupta ◽  
Evan Williams
Keyword(s):  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
Clinical Pharmacy ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Pharmacy Services ◽  
Clinical Faculty ◽  
Clinical Pharmacy Services ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Pharmacist Services

There is an imminent need to identify and develop new ambulatory care practice sites with the increase in the number of colleges of pharmacy across the nation. This manuscript provides recommendations to help clinical faculty determine whether a potential pharmacy practice site will be able to provide adequate resources and support to establish a successful practice. This may be challenging to pharmacy practice faculty in settings where clinical pharmacy services have never been utilized. Topics include the pre-work needed prior to approaching a new practice site, assessing the need for physical requirements, meeting key personnel, marketing clinical skills and services, implementing, and evaluating practice site. Preparation includes having a clear vision of the pharmacist services, ensuring that stakeholders have an understanding of the pharmacy services inquiring the site support and resources for the pharmacist, and regularly communicating.

scholarly journals Use of the International Pharmaceutical Federation’s Basel Statements to Assess and Advance Hospital Pharmacy Practice: A Scoping Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Penm ◽  
Betty Chaar ◽  
Rebekah J Moles
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Hospital Pharmacy ◽  
English Language ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Hospital Pharmacists ◽  
The World

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The Basel statements of the International Pharmaceutical Federation, which provide the first global, unified vision for the hospital pharmacy profession, have recently been revised. Originally released in 2008, the Basel statements have since been made available in 21 languages, and thus have the potential for great impact around the world.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct a scoping review to examine the extent and nature of research activity related to the Basel statements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Google Scholar, PubMed, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts were searched using the key term “Basel statements” for relevant research articles. From each included study, data were extracted on geographic location, study design, study outcomes, and use of the Basel statements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search strategy generated 113 results. Further refinement resulted in 14 English-language articles that met the inclusion criteria. Four of these articles focused on adapting the Basel statements to European practice, an initiative of the European Association of Hospital Pharmacists that led to development of the European statements of Hospital Pharmacy. Six studies focused on monitoring hospital pharmacy practice in Uganda, the Pacific island countries, and the Western Pacific Region. These studies provide valuable baseline data to measure and track the development of hospital pharmacy practices in their respective countries and regions. The remaining 4 studies used qualitative methods to explore the barriers to and facilitators of implementation of the Basel statements in South Africa, China, and Australia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Basel statements have led to multiple initiatives around the world, involving more than 70 countries. The European and Western Pacific regions have been the most active. Current initiatives should be continued to ensure identification and resolution of issues related to sustaining their use over time.</p><p><strong>RÉSUMÉ</strong></p><p><strong>Contexte : </strong>Les déclarations de Bâle de la Fédération international pharmaceutique, qui offrent la première vision mondiale unifiée pour la pharmacie hospitalière, ont été révisées récemment. D’abord rendues publiques en 2008, les déclarations de Bâle ont été traduites en 21 langues; elles peuvent ainsi avoir une grande portée partout dans le monde.</p><p><strong>Objectif : </strong>Réaliser un examen de la portée et de la nature des recherches liées aux déclarations de Bâle.</p><p><strong>Méthodes : </strong>Google Scholar, PubMed, et International Pharmaceutical Abstracts ont été interrogés à l’aide du mot clé « déclarations de Bâle » afin de trouver des articles de recherche pertinents. Pour chaque étude retenue, on a extrait des données sur le lieu, le plan de l’étude, les résultats de recherche et l’utilisation des déclarations de Bâle.</p><p><strong>Résultats : </strong>La stratégie de recensement bibliographique a permis de trouver 113 articles. Une sélection plus affinée a permis de cerner 14 articles en anglais qui répondaient aux critères d’inclusion. Quatre articles portaient sur l’adaptation des déclarations de Bâle aux pratiques européennes; une initiative de l’European Association of Hospital Pharmacists qui a mené à l’élaboration des Déclarations européennes de la pharmacie hospitalière. Six portaient sur la surveillance des pratiques de la pharmacie hospitalière en Uganda, dans les États insulaires du Pacifique et dans la région du Pacifique occidental. Ces études fournissent d’importantes données de référence qui en retour permettent de mesurer et de suivre l’évolution des pratiques de la pharmacie hospitalière dans chacun des différents pays et régions. Dans les quatre derniers articles, des méthodes qualitatives ont été employées pour étudier les éléments qui font obstacle ou qui facilitent la mise en oeuvre des déclarations de Bâle en Afrique du Sud, en Chine et en Australie.</p><p><strong>Conclusion : </strong>Les déclarations de Bâle ont mené à de nombreuses initiatives partout dans le monde, auxquelles participent plus de 70 pays. La région de l’Europe et celle du Pacifique occidental ont été les plus actives. Les initiatives actuelles devraient être poursuivies afin d’identifier les enjeux liés au développement durable et de leur trouver des solutions.</p>

scholarly journals Clinical pharmacy services in Brazil, particularly cardiometabolic diseases: a systematic scoping review and meta-analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2131
Author(s):  
Priscila L. Nassur ◽  
Marcela Forgerini ◽  
Patricia C. Mastroianni ◽  
Rosa C. Lucchetta
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Clinical Pharmacy ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Clinical Pharmacy Service ◽  
Pharmacy Services ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Clinical Pharmacy Services ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objective: To map the clinical pharmacy services conducted in Brazil, their characteristics, outcomes, and process measures in general population, as well as the assessment of the clinical impact on people with cardiometabolic diseases (cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases). Methods: A systematic scoping review and meta-analysis were conducted. The electronic searches were re-run in March 2020. To the clinical impact assessment, meta-analyses of cardiometabolic outcomes (i.e., change of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides, total cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glycemia, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol) were led. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration tools. Results: 71 studies were identified (7,402 patients), being the majority quasi-experimental studies (n=41) and published by research groups of Southeast Brazil (n=33). Medication therapy management (n=62) was the most frequent clinical pharmacy service, performed on outpatient setting (n=45), with adults or elderly people (n=58) with hypertension (n=18) or diabetes (n=10). Process measures (n=58) (e.g. resolution of drug related-problem) were widely used as indicator, followed by clinical (n=44) (e.g. change in SBP), humanistic (n=12) (e.g. change in quality-of-life score assessed by Short-Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire), and economic outcomes (n=3) (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for reduction in HbA1c). Regarding the assessment of clinical impact of the services, 20 studies were included in meta-analyses, showing improvement in most cardiometabolic outcomes when considered individual studies. However, the evidence presents high risk of bias, high heterogeneity (median 67-90%) and imprecision, contributing to wide prediction intervals and low reliability. Conclusions: A predominance of studies on cardiometabolic diseases, process measures, and clinical outcomes were identified. Considering the assessment of the clinical impact of clinical pharmacy services in cardiometabolic diseases, an improvement in most cardiometabolic outcomes was showed, however, with low confidence and wide prediction interval. Therefore, development of larger studies with low risk of bias and major homogeneity is necessary for a better comprehension of clinical pharmacy service characteristics, benefits, and the population groups most benefited.

A Model for Inpatient Clinical Pharmacy Practice and Reimbursement

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 989-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Hutchinson ◽  
David P. Vogel ◽  
Kenneth W. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Pharmacy ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Pharmacy Services ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Clinical Pharmacy Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Care Reimbursement

The development and expansion of clinical pharmacy over the past 15 years have resulted in several debates. One debate that was very lively in the late 1970s concerned proper reimbursement for clinical pharmacy services. Although this debate is less heated now, its importance is even more significant with today's major changes in health care reimbursement. This article reviews the key reasons for the original debate and discusses how recent changes have increased and added direction to the debate. A model is presented that the authors believe represents the key to the increasing acceptance of the pharmacist's clinical role.

scholarly journals Health-related stakeholders’ perceptions of clinical pharmacy services in Qatar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesnime Jebara ◽  
Scott Cunningham ◽  
Katie MacLure ◽  
Ahmed Awaisu ◽  
Abdulrouf Pallivalapila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacy ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Pharmacy Services ◽  
Clinical Pharmacy Services ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Innovation Characteristics ◽  
Inner Setting

Abstract Background In Qatar, the National Vision 2030 and the National Health Strategy 2018–2022 articulate the need to improve healthcare delivery by better utilisation of the skilled workforce. In this regard, pharmacy practice is rapidly advancing and several extended pharmacy services are now available in institutionalised settings. Objective This study aimed to determine health-related stakeholders’ perceptions of current clinical pharmacy services in Qatar, and the potential development and implementation of further patient-centred roles. Setting All major organisations and institutions relating to the practice, education, regulation, and governance of pharmacy in Qatar. Method Qualitative, face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals in key strategic positions of policy development and influence (i.e. health-related academic leaders, healthcare policy developers, directors of medicine/pharmacy/nursing, and patient safety leaders). Participants were recruited via a combination of purposeful and snowball sampling, until the point of data saturation was reached. The interview guide was grounded in the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains of innovation characteristics, outer and inner setting, characteristics of individuals, and implementation process. The interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and independently analysed by two researchers using the Framework approach. Main outcome measure Perceptions of stakeholders regarding current and potential for future clinical pharmacy services in Qatar. Results Thirty-seven interviews were conducted with stakeholders of policy influence in healthcare. The interviewees reported a variety of clinical pharmacy services available in Qatar, which they perceived as positively impacting patient care outcomes, pharmacists’ professional autonomy, and the healthcare system in general (innovation characteristics). However, they perceived that these services were mainly performed in hospitals and less in community pharmacy setting (inner setting) and were undervalued by patients and the public (outer setting). Expansion of pharmacists’ clinical activities was supported, with recognition of facilitators such as the skillset and training of pharmacists, potential time release due to automation and well-considered implementation processes (characteristics of individuals, inner setting, process). Conclusion Health-related stakeholders in Qatar have positive perceptions of current clinical pharmacy services and support the expansion of pharmacist’s roles. However, service development needs to consider the issues of patient and public awareness and initially target institutionalised healthcare settings.

Justification for Hospital-Based Nuclear Pharmacy Services

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Laven ◽  
William R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Hospital Pharmacy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Pharmacy Services ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Third Party Reimbursement ◽  
The Cost

Diversification is the greatest survival strategy available to hospital pharmacy today. Nuclear pharmacy is a growing field within institutional pharmacy practice and can help ensure the profession's participation in new technologies and clinical support roles. Nuclear pharmacy practice parallels hospital pharmacy practice in many areas including procurement, compounding, dispensing, quality assessment, and drug use review. Particularly important to the practice of pharmacy are the clinical contributions by nuclear pharmacists in areas such as product selection, drug interactions and interferences, and assisting the physician in the interpretation of nuclear medicine imaging data. Hospital-based nuclear pharmacy services are closely allied with nuclear medicine and radiology, which have felt the effects of changing trends in third party reimbursement. It has been shown repeatedly that nuclear pharmacists can make an impact on the quality of nuclear medicine services, while improving the cost effectiveness of these services. For the past several years, only a few hospital pharmacies have made attempts to provide services to nuclear medicine or radiology departments. Pharmacy has a professional responsibility and obligation to become involved with the use of legend drugs routinely used (or soon to be introduced) within these departments. Nuclear pharmacy is an area in the hospital where pharmacy can make a solid financial impact and broaden its scope of recognition and value.

scholarly journals Advancing ambulatory pharmacy practice through a crisis: Objectives and strategies used in an ambulatory care action team’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Do ◽  
Steph Luon ◽  
Kimberly Boothe ◽  
Martha Stutsky ◽  
Marie Renauer
Keyword(s):  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
Clinical Pharmacy ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Pharmacy Services ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
Action Team

Abstract Purpose The objectives and strategies used by an ambulatory care pharmacy team operating within a large health system’s pharmacy incident command structure during the initial response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are discussed. Summary In a time of crisis, a pharmacy “ambulatory action team” was formed to provide ambulatory clinical pharmacy expertise and meet an immediate and ongoing need to limit nonemergent care during the COVID-19 pandemic. By building a strong communication infrastructure and partnership with ambulatory care providers, clinic medical and operational leaderships, clinical laboratory staff, and infusion centers, the team was able to swiftly execute solutions and respond to new issues and requests. Ambulatory care pharmacy practice continued to advance through provision of services to vulnerable patient populations with chronic conditions that were anticipated to experience gaps in care management during the COVID-19 pandemic. These efforts resulted in expansion of pharmacists’ involvement in collaborative drug therapy management, support of patients’ transition from in-clinic injection to home self-administration, provision of medication assistance support, and management of 1,300 patients via protocol-based warfarin management. Additionally, ambulatory pharmacy services in 15 primary care, anticoagulation, and specialty clinic sites were transitioned to telehealth. The ambulatory action team also implemented several strategies to manage medication therapy associated with COVID-19–related shortages and implemented electronic decision support to guide prescribing of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. Conclusion Building a strong communication infrastructure and a pharmacy ambulatory action team were essential to respond to a crisis and continue ambulatory clinical pharmacy services expansion.

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