scholarly journals Social and Demographic Factors Associated with Postnatal Depression Symptoms among HIV-Positive Women in Primary Healthcare Facilities, South Africa

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Kebogile Elizabeth Mokwena ◽  
Nontokozo Lilian Mbatha
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Background: Mothers living with HIV are at risk for mental health problems, which may have a negative impact on the management of their HIV condition and care of their children. Although South Africa has a high prevalence of HIV, there is a dearth of studies on sociodemographic predictors of postnatal depression (PND) among HIV-positive women in South Africa, even in KwaZulu Natal, a province with the highest prevalence of HIV in the country. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine sociodemographic factors associated with the prevalence of postnatal depression symptoms among a sample of HIV-positive women attending health services from primary healthcare facilities in Umhlathuze District, KwaZulu Natal. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from 386 HIV-positive women who had infants aged between 1 and 12 weeks. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPNDS), to which sociodemographic questions were added, was used to collect data. Results: The prevalence of PND symptoms among this sample of 386 HIV-positive women was 42.5%. The age of the mothers ranged from 16 to 42 years, with a mean of 29 years. The majority of the mothers were single or never married (85.5%; n = 330), living in a rural setting (81.9%; n = 316%), with a household income of less than R 2000 (estimated 125 USD) per month (64.9%; n = 120). The government child support grant was the main source of income for most of the mothers (53%; n = 183). PND symptoms were significantly associated with the participant’s partner having other sexual partners (p-value < 0.001), adverse life events (p-value = 0.001), low monthly income (p-value = 0.015), and being financially dependent on others (p-value = 0.023). Conclusion: The prevalence of PND symptoms among the sample is high, with a number of social and demographic factors found to be significantly associated with PND. This requires the consideration of sociodemographic information in the overall management of both HIV and postnatal depression. Addressing the impact of these factors can positively influence the health outcomes of both the mother and the baby.

scholarly journals Clinical and Obstetric Risk Factors for Postnatal Depression in HIV Positive Women: A Cross Sectional Study in Health Facilities in Rural KwaZulu-Natal

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8425
Author(s):  
Nontokozo Lilian Mbatha ◽  
Kebogile Elizabeth Mokwena ◽  
Sphiwe Madiba
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Positive Women

Postnatal depression (PND) remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in different socio-economic backgrounds in South Africa. This study determined the prevalence of and clinical and obstetric risk factors for PND symptoms among HIV positive women in health facilities in a rural health district in South Africa. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to measure PND from 386 women who had delivered a live infant. More than half (58.5%) tested HIV positive during the current pregnancy. The prevalence of PND symptoms was 42.5%. Logistic regression analysis yielded significant associations between clinical and obstetric variables of pre-term baby (p-value < 0.01), baby health status p-value < 0.01), baby hospitalization, (p-value < 0.01), and knowing the baby’s HIV status (p-value = 0.047). Maternal variables associated with PND were level of education (p-value < 0.01), monthly income (p-value < 0.01), and source of income (p-value = 0.05). At multivariate analysis, none of the clinical and obstetrical risk factors were independently associated with the PND. The high prevalence of PND symptoms underscore the need to integrate routine screening for PND in prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV programmes to enable early diagnosing and treatment of PND.

scholarly journals Depression symptoms, HIV testing, linkage to ART, and viral suppression among women in a high HIV burden district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A cross-sectional household study

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532098204
Author(s):  
Kaymarlin Govender ◽  
Dick Durevall ◽  
Richard G Cowden ◽  
Sean Beckett ◽  
Ayesha BM Kharsany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Achieving the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets by 2020 is contingent on identifying and addressing mental health challenges that may affect HIV testing and treatment-related behaviors. This study is based on survey data from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2014–2015). HIV positive women who reported higher depression scores had a lower odds of having tested previously for HIV (15–25 years: AOR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.83, 0.98]; 26–49 years: AOR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.84, 0.96]). Because HIV testing behavior represents a gateway to treatment, the findings suggest mental health may be one challenge to attaining the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets.

scholarly journals The perceived role of ward-based primary healthcare outreach teams in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Landiwe S. Khuzwayo ◽  
Mosa Moshabela
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
User Perceptions ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Background: The aim of ward-based outreach teams (WBOTs) is to improve access to primary healthcare (PHC) services including health promotion and disease prevention in South Africa. Limited information is available in South Africa on user perceptions of services provided by WBOTs in rural households.Aim: The study aimed to explore community awareness and perception of WBOTs, as well people’s motivation to engage and use WBOT services.Setting: The study was conducted between July and September 2015 in iLembe district, KwaZulu-Natal.Methods: This was exploratory-descriptive qualitative research. Purposive sampling technique was used in this study. A total of 16 key informant interviews and 4 focus group discussions were conducted. The voice recordings were transcribed in isiZulu and translated into English.Results: Four themes emerged from the data analysis, namely bringing services closer, organising services, expanding services and forming bridges. Respondents demonstrated insightful knowledge and understanding of services provided by WBOTs. They expressed an appreciation of the way WBOT services brought healthcare closer to people and serve to bridge the gap between the community and local healthcare facilities. Respondents identified unclear WBOT work schedules and the failure to carry medication other than vitamin A as the main challenges. However, WBOTs did deliver medication for controlled chronic patients in their households.Conclusion: The study suggests that WBOTs provide a commendable service, but need to expand their service package to further increase access to PHC services and cater for community health needs.

scholarly journals Rates of virological suppression and drug resistance in adult HIV-1-positive patients attending primary healthcare facilities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 3141-3148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian M Hunt ◽  
E. Kainne Dokubo ◽  
Simbarashe Takuva ◽  
Tulio de Oliveira ◽  
Johanna Ledwaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Virological Suppression ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Rates of virological suppression and drug resistance in adult HIV-1-positive patients attending primary healthcare facilities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 3222-3222
Author(s):  
Gillian M Hunt ◽  
E Kainne Dokubo ◽  
Simbarashe Takuva ◽  
Tulio de Oliveira ◽  
Johanna Ledwaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Virological Suppression ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals The Need for Universal Screening for Postnatal Depression in South Africa: Confirmation from a Sub-District in Pretoria, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 6980
Author(s):  
Kebogile Mokwena ◽  
Itumeleng Masike
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Postnatal Depressive Symptoms

Although postnatal depression (PND) is a worldwide public health problem, it is relatively higher in developing countries, including countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Postnatal depression is not routinely screened for in primary healthcare facilities in South Africa, despite its reported compromise on mother and child health. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of, as well as factors associated with, postnatal depression in a sample of clinic attendees in a sub district in Tshwane, South Africa. A quantitative and cross-sectional survey was conducted in a sample of 406 women in three healthcare facilities. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to collect data from women who had infants between the ages of 0 and 12 months. The cut-off point for the EPDS for the depressed category was a score of 13 out of a maximum of 30. The majority of the women (57.14%, n = 232) had scores of 13 and above, which is indicative of postnatal depressive symptoms. On logistic regression, postnatal depressive symptoms were significantly associated with lack of support in difficult times (p < 0.001, 95% CI 10.57–546.51), not having the preferred sex of the baby (p = 0.001, 95% CI 0.37–0.58), low household income (p < 0.001, 95% CI 1.23–1.67), and an older baby (p = 0.005, 95% CI 1.21–1.49). The results show the high proportion of women who have postnatal depression but remain undiagnosed and untreated, and therefore confirm the need for routine screening for postnatal depressive symptoms in primary healthcare facilities, which are used by the majority of women in South Africa.

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