scholarly journals Salt Weathering of Natural Stone: A Review of Comparative Laboratory Studies

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1554-1565
Author(s):  
Carlos Alves ◽  
Carlos A. M. Figueiredo ◽  
Jorge Sanjurjo-Sánchez ◽  
Ana C. Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Natural Stone ◽  
Salt Weathering ◽  
Art Objects ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Field Information ◽  
Historical Heritage

Natural stone is an important component of historical heritage (buildings and art objects such as sculptures or rock engravings), and it is still widely used in contemporary works. Soluble salts are the main erosive agent in the built environment, and we review here comparative studies that subject the same rock type to testing with different salt solutions. The results mostly support the accepted notion of the major impact of sodium sulphate, although there are some exceptions. The effects of sodium chloride and calcium sulphate deserve specific discussion given field information on the relevance of these specific salts in the built environment. We relate the information collected to the issues of risk assessment (considering both geochemical conditions and salt effects) and conservation interventions (highlighting the interest of tests that do not produce damage to susceptible materials) and present some methodological suggestions to avoid a case study culture.

scholarly journals Heritage Buildings Conservation in the Light of Sustainable Built Environment: A Case Study of Few Selected Projects in Samarkand City

2020 ◽  
Vol 495 ◽  
pp. 012034
Author(s):  
Anvar Safarov Normatovich ◽  
Dong Wei ◽  
S G Dalibi ◽  
I I Danja ◽  
A A Mukhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Heritage Buildings

scholarly journals Integrated Strategies for Preserving and Enhancing the Historical Heritage of the University of Pavia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Alessandro Greco ◽  
Valentina Giacometti ◽  
Maria Rota ◽  
Ilaria E. Senaldi ◽  
Andrea Penna
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The University

The University of Pavia owns an extensive real estate portfolio, largely consisting of historic buildings still hosting teaching and research activities. This implies a continuous challenge in keeping them efficient, sustainable and completely usable. Indeed, these heritage buildings, alongside an undeniable charm, bring with them deficiencies regarding safety, accessibility, energy efficiency, etc. This work presents an interdisciplinary strategy addressing the issues involved in the management of the multiple needs of conservation and use, complying with modern standards. The legal requirement of a seismic safety assessment was the occasion to launch a comprehensive review of the state of the University building heritage, considering together the different aspects involved, in a perspective of economic sustainability, combining preservation needs and valorisation. The steps of this strategy included a preliminary screening of all the buildings, by simple methods and tools. The aim was to gather homogeneous and comparable information, useful to identify critical structures and/or repeated issues, to allocate resources for deeper analyses and implementation. The case study of San Felice Palace, which presents emblematic features and deficiencies, is illustrated in more detail, with complete seismic safety and accessibility analyses leading to proposals of enhancement interventions.

Impact of the urban heat island on freeze-thaw risk of natural stone in the built environment, a case study in Ghent, Belgium

2019 ◽  
Vol 677 ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Guilbert ◽  
Steven Caluwaerts ◽  
Klaas Calle ◽  
Nathan Van Den Bossche ◽  
Veerle Cnudde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Natural Stone ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Urban Heat

scholarly journals Damage risk analysis of a Timurid heritage located in Iran exposed to outdoor climate change (Ghiassieh school)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012062
Author(s):  
Hamed Hedayatnia ◽  
Marijke Steeman ◽  
Nathan Van Den Bossche
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Outdoor Climate ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Historical Heritage

Abstract The first step to preserving the historical heritage against global warming effects is finding how this phenomenon affects building material degradation. Due to the vulnerability of Iranian heritage to climate change and lack of proper literature, research on climate change’s impact on Timurid heritage buildings in Iran has been determined as the primary research goal. The study is performed by analysing weather data, HAM simulations, and different damage criteria. This paper aims to find an appropriate method to study climate change’s impact on historical buildings. A Timurid historical school is chosen as a case study to better understand the current climate change effects on building components. The analysis shows that the significantly rising air temperature and wind speed, along with reduced rainfall and humidity, causes a notable decrease in building envelope moisture content in addition to an increase in hydrated salt crystallisation cycles during the studied period. These fluctuations may have played a crucial role in the pathologies that can be observed on site, and their continuation and expansion in the future, as the models have predicted, may lead to irreparable damages to the building.

Conservation and Preservation of Nature Reserves, Monuments andSpecial Architectural or Historic Interest in Nigeria: Towards Promotion of Sustainable Cultural Tourism

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-218
Author(s):  
Francis Chuma Osefoh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Developed Nations

Some of the renowned world tourism countries have special peculiarities in character in terms of their nature reserves and built environments; that made them stand out for their attractions and visits. These qualities range from conservation and preservation of nature reserves, built environments- epoch architectural supports over the years; historical heritage; political; religious; socio-economic; cultural; and  high technology that enhance culture. The virtues of multi- ethnic groups and multi- cultural nature gave Nigeria a rich cultural heritage, and she is blessed with natural wonders, unique wildlife, and a very favorable climate. More often than not less attention and importance are placed over the nature reserves and built environments to the detriment of tourism in lieu of other sectors. Summarily the country lacks the culture of conservation and preservation of her abundant resources to promote cultural tourism. Case study strategy was applied in the research tours with reports of personal experiences, documentaries and analyses of sites visited in Europe and Nigeria were highlighted with references to their attributes in terms of structures and features that made up the sites as relate to culture and attraction.The task in keeping rural, city landscapes and nature reserves alive stands out as the secret of communication link from the past to present and the future; which tourism developed nations reap as benefits for tourist attraction.

scholarly journals Barriers on Establishing Passive Strategies in Office Spaces: A Case Study in a Historic University Building

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4563
Author(s):  
Nuno Baía Baía Saraiva ◽  
Luisa Dias Dias Pereira ◽  
Adélio Rodrigues Gaspar ◽  
José Joaquim da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Free Cooling ◽  
Passive Strategies ◽  
The University ◽  
Indoor Conditions

The adaptation of spaces to different usage typologies can be complex in heritage buildings. Facilities were initially planned for a specific type of use that, when changed, require additional measures to ensure a suitable indoor environment. Passive strategies—e.g., free cooling—are commonly used as an alternative without requiring equipment installation. However, its implementation often leads to unsatisfactory conditions. Therefore, it is important to clarify the main barriers to achieving thermal comfort in readapted historic buildings. The present work investigates the thermal comfort conditions reported by workers in office spaces of a historic building in the University of Coimbra. A monitoring campaign was carried out between May and September 2020 to assess indoor conditions’ quality. Due to the current pandemic of COVID-19, offices were not occupied at full capacity. A one-day evaluation of thermal comfort was made using a climate analyzer and six occupants were surveyed on 19 August 2020. The main results highlighted discomfort due to overheating of spaces. The causes were related to the combination of inadequate implementation of the free cooling actions and the building use. Furthermore, it was recommended the installation of HVAC systems in case of full capacity.

scholarly journals When Housing and Communities Were Delivered: A Case Study of Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Rural Reconstruction and Recovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7629
Author(s):  
Haorui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Place Making ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Residential Communities ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Disaster Survivors ◽  
Two Phases

This study contributes to an in-depth examination of how Wenchuan earthquake disaster survivors utilize intensive built environment reconstruction outcomes (housing and infrastructural systems) to facilitate their long-term social and economic recovery and sustainable rural development. Post-disaster recovery administered via top-down disaster management systems usually consists of two phases: a short-term, government-led reconstruction (STGLR) of the built environment and a long-term, survivor-led recovery (LTSLR) of human and social settings. However, current studies have been inadequate in examining how rural disaster survivors have adapted to their new government-provided housing or how communities conducted their long-term recovery efforts. This qualitative case study invited sixty rural disaster survivors to examine their place-making activities utilizing government-delivered, urban-style residential communities to support their long-term recovery. This study discovered that rural residents’ recovery activities successfully perpetuated their original rural lives and rebuilt social connections and networks both individually and collectively. However, they were only able to manage their agriculture-based livelihood recovery temporarily. This research suggests that engaging rural inhabitants’ place-making expertise and providing opportunities to improve their housing and communities would advance the long-term grassroots recovery of lives and livelihoods, achieving sustainable development.

scholarly journals Implementing Sustainability in Retrofitting Heritage Buildings. Case Study: Villa Antoniadis, Alexandria, Egypt

Heritage ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Khalil ◽  
Naglaa Hammouda ◽  
Khaled El-Deeb
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Adaptive Reuse ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Heritage Buildings

Sustainable design is believed to stand on the opposite side of heritage conservation. This view is supported by the fact that sustainable design requires invasive measures to implement new technologies and treatments that challenge the principle of minimum intervention in heritage conservation. Another point of view sees heritage conservation as an already act of sustainable development that protects and preserves social and cultural resources such as heritage buildings and their intangible values. On the other hand, research and practice have proven that heritage buildings can be the subjects of sustainable design projects that achieve outstanding measures of sustainability and energy efficiency while not compromising the authenticity of the heritage value of the building. This sustainable conservation reaches its peak in adaptive-reuse projects of heritage buildings as reusing the building guarantees its ongoing maintenance and promotes its social, cultural and economic values to society, while giving it the ability to withstand modern users’ comfort and energy efficiency standards. This research presents a case study of the adaptive-reuse project of Villa Antoniadis in Alexandria; a heritage building built in the mid-nineteenth century and in the process of a major adaptive-reuse project. The history and significance of the building will be studied as well as the conservation values of the current project, then some proposals for interventions that could achieve more energy efficiency for the project while conserving the building are discussed. The research included a simulation of the building, using building energy modelling software for the current adaptive-reuse project as a base case, and the hypothetical application of different proposed sustainable interventions such as thermal insulation, double glazing, shading, lighting control, natural ventilation, and photovoltaic energy generation, where the energy savings potentials for each proposed intervention were studied. The simulation proved a possible reduction of 36.5% in the cooling, heating and lighting energy consumption as well as generated 74.7% of the energy required for cooling, heating and lighting from renewable energy sources.

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