scholarly journals Comparing Visual and Image Analysis Techniques to Quantify Fusarium Basal Rot Severity in Mature Onion Bulbs

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Subhankar Mandal ◽  
Christopher S. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Basal Plate ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Visual Scoring ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Fusarium Basal Rot

Development of resistant cultivars for Fusarium basal rot (FBR), a fungal disease caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae (FOC), is a major breeding goal for onion breeding programs around the world. Currently, the selection of FBR-resistant bulbs is based on a visual interval or category scale, which is an entirely subjective method. This study aimed to develop an objective approach using digital image analysis to quantify symptom development in the basal plate of dormant bulbs. Digital image analyses were performed after artificially inoculating dormant bulbs of eighty-five United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Allium cepa accessions with a virulent FOC isolate, ‘CSC-515’. An analysis with confocal microscopy identified bright blue–green autofluorescence from FOC-infected tissue, effectively differentiating diseased from healthy tissue. Visual scoring of the FBR symptom was aided by stereo fluorescence microscopic images captured using a green fluorescence protein dual filter to quantify accurately FBR severity in the basal plate tissue. An automatic stepwise image segmentation method was developed that was relatively more accurate than a visual estimation. This method exhibited comparable reliability and precision to visual scoring, but it tended to underestimate FOC infection. To our best knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study to investigate the potential use of image analysis as a viable alternative to conventional visual scoring for FBR symptom development. This method could be used for developing resistant cultivars for onion breeding programs in the near future.

scholarly journals Comparison of digital image analysis and visual scoring of KI-67 in prostate cancer prognosis after prostatectomy

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Desmeules ◽  
Hélène Hovington ◽  
Molière Nguilé-Makao ◽  
Caroline Léger ◽  
André Caron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Visual Scoring ◽  
Prostate Cancer Prognosis

scholarly journals Improving Fusarium Basal Rot Resistance of Onion Cultivars through Artificial Inoculation and Selection of Mature Bulbs

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Subhankar Mandal ◽  
Christopher S. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Basal Plate ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Fusarium Basal Rot ◽  
Maximum Improvement ◽  
Multiple Cycles

Fusarium basal rot (FBR) of onion, caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae (FOC), results in a substantial storage loss of marketable bulbs. Seedling and field screening methods, which were used to generate FBR resistant long-day and intermediate-day onion cultivars, were found to be ineffective at increasing FBR resistance in short-day onion cultivars. This study attempted to improve the FBR resistance of seven commercial short-day onion cultivars and two check cultivars when evaluated at their mature bulb stage. Mature bulbs were artificially inoculated with 1 cm diameter potato dextrose agar plugs containing conidia of a virulent FOC isolate, CSC-515, at a concentration of 3 × 104 spore mL−1, after transversely cutting the basal plate tissue. Incubated bulbs, which had few or no FBR symptoms, were selected after 20 d using visual scoring, from 1 (no disease) to 9 (>70% basal plate is infected), and combined in seed production cages to produce the selected generation of a cultivar. Multiple cycles of phenotypic recurrent selection were conducted, and the resultant populations were compared with their respective original populations for FBR severity and incidence, from 2016 to 2019, using the same conidial inoculation method. A variable amount of progress was achieved in reducing FBR severity and incidence in the seven cultivars, with maximum improvement in the most advanced selected populations. FBR development in the advanced selected populations differed between mature bulbs of each entry and was influenced by yearly environmental variation. The progress of FOC infections was slower in resistant bulbs when compared to susceptible bulbs. These results indicated a partial or quantitative resistance against FBR. The partial FBR resistant cultivar populations could be used to develop synthetic short-day FBR resistant cultivars after multi-locational and multi-seasonal field trials. These populations could also be used to study the mechanism(s) of FBR resistance in onion, which has yet to be determined.

scholarly journals Screening Winter-sown, Intermediate-day Onion Cultivars for Resistance to Fusarium Basal Rot

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Gutierrez ◽  
Ramon Molina-Bravo ◽  
Christopher S. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Fusarium Basal Rot

Fusarium basal rot (FBR), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae, is a soilborne fungal disease that affects bulb onions (Allium cepa) worldwide. Winter-sown onion cultivars that are resistant to FBR are lacking. The goal of this project was to screen winter-sown onion germplasm for FBR resistance using a mature-bulb field screening at harvest and after 4 weeks in storage. The project was conducted for 2 years, and in each year, 22 winter-sown onion lines were grown in a field known to produce a high incidence of FBR-infected bulbs. At maturity, the basal plates of 20 randomly selected bulbs were cut transversely and each plate was scored for disease severity on a scale of 1 (no diseased tissue) to 9 (70% or more diseased tissue). Bulbs were stored and scored again at 4 weeks after harvest. Severity and incidence increased in storage for both years. NMSU 99-30, `NuMex Arthur', and `NuMex Jose Fernandez' showed the lowest disease severities and incidences in both years. For fields that produce a high incidence of FBR-infected bulbs, these cultivars could be grown with less loss to FBR at harvest and after storage than more FBR-susceptible cultivars. When developing FBR-resistant cultivars, breeding lines should be evaluated over multiple years and bulbs should be stored for 4 weeks before being screened.

scholarly journals An Artificial Inoculation Method to Select Mature Onion Bulbs Resistant to Fusarium Basal Rot

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1840-1847
Author(s):  
Subhankar Mandal ◽  
Christopher S. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Basal Plate ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Field Inoculation ◽  
Inoculation Method ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Onion Bulbs ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Fusarium Basal Rot

Fusarium basal rot (FBR) of onion, which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae (Hanzawa) Snyder & Hansen (FOC) results in a substantial loss of marketable bulbs worldwide. One of the main reasons for the lack of FBR-resistant short-day cultivars is the unreliable screening methods available for the mature bulb stage when significant economic damage occurs. The objective of this study was to develop an artificial inoculation method with better quantification of inoculum for an effective selection of FBR-resistant mature onion bulbs. Mature bulbs of seven New Mexican short-day onion cultivars, along with susceptible and tolerant controls, were selected and evaluated for FBR resistance using mycelial and conidial inoculation methods, respectively. Transversely cut basal plates of mature bulbs were inoculated artificially with mycelia or conidia (12 × 105 spores/mL in 2014 and 3 × 105 spores/mL in 2015 embedded in potato dextrose agar plug) of a virulent FOC isolate ‘CSC-515’. Mature bulb evaluation using a visual rating scale (1 = no disease; 9 = >70% basal plate infected) revealed a high degree of FBR severity and incidence irrespective of the genetic background of the cultivars, minimizing the chance of disease escape, which is a significant problem in field inoculation. An attempt to inoculate intact basal plates postharvest resulted in minimal disease development, suggesting that mechanical resistance was conferred by the dry outer layer of the basal plate. The high selection pressure conferred by the conidial inoculation method developed in this study can effectively screen FBR-resistant onion bulbs to replace an unreliable field screening. Concentrations of the conidia lower than 3 × 105 spores/mL are recommended to detect subtle genetic differences in FBR resistance among the onion cultivars and their selected population.

scholarly journals Quantitative comparison of immunohistochemical staining measured by digital image analysis versus pathologist visual scoring

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony E Rizzardi ◽  
Arthur T Johnson ◽  
Rachel Vogel ◽  
Stefan E Pambuccian ◽  
Jonathan Henriksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Visual Scoring

scholarly journals 057 Hybrid Performance of Male-sterile and Pollinator Inbred Onion Lines

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 398B-398
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Cramer ◽  
Jose L. Mendoza ◽  
Joe N. Corgan
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Fusarium Basal Rot ◽  
Hybrid Lines ◽  
Root Resistance ◽  
Current Emphasis

Current emphasis of onion breeding programs has been to develop male-sterile, maintainer, and pollinator inbred lines for the production of hybrid cultivars. Five short-day, male-sterile inbred lines from the New Mexico State Univ. Onion Breeding Program were crossed to four short-day, pollinator inbred lines in all possible combinations. In addition, six intermediate-day male-sterile inbred lines were crossed with seven intermediate-day, pollinator inbred lines in all possible combinations. The resulting hybrid lines from all crosses were evaluated for maturity, bolting resistance, pink root resistance, Fusarium basal rot resistance, percentage of marketable bulbs, marketable yield, average bulb weight, and percentage of bulbs with single centers. The average performance among male-sterile and among pollinator lines within each group was determined by averaging over hybrid lines that pertained to the respective male-sterile or pollinator line. Among the short-day inbred lines, NMSU 97-28-2 and NMSU 97-109-2 as female parents produced the best hybrid lines, while NMSU 96-17-1 and NMSU 96-51-1 as male parents produced the best hybrid lines. The best hybrid combinations among the short-day parents were NMSU 97-28-2 × 96-17-1 and 97-46-2 × 96-51-1. Among the intermediate-day inbred lines, NMSU 96-196-2 and 96-300-2 as female parents produced the best hybrid lines, while NMSU 96-280-1, NMSU 96-274-1 and 96-395-1 as male parents produced the best hybrid lines. Some of the best intermediate-day hybrid combinations included NMSU 96-300-2 × 96-335-1 and NMSU 96-300-2 × 96-274-1.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Digital Image Analysis of the Larynx

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Yaser Natour ◽  
Christine Sapienza ◽  
Mark Schmalz ◽  
Savita Collins
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Digital Image Analysis
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