scholarly journals A Novel, Reliable and Real-Time Solution for Triage and Unique Identification of Victims of Mass Casualty Incidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Fay Misichroni ◽  
Angelos Stamou ◽  
Paul Kuqo ◽  
Nikolaos Tousert ◽  
Anastasios Rigos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Crisis Managers

A mass casualty incident may result in tens or hundreds of victims. Triage, being the procedure of classifying victims according to their medical emergency, and the unique identification of victims are equally crucial procedures for effectively managing the crisis with respect to personnel (emergency medical services and non-medical civil protection practitioners) and assets (ambulances, medical equipment, hospital beds, etc.). The solution developed in this work aims at reducing the time needed for triage and identification procedures, and at the same time enhancing the situation awareness of crisis managers. Our system consists of (a) electronic wearable triage tags, aiming at replacing the legacy paper tags, supporting enhanced actuating and connectivity functionalities, visually presenting the status of the medical emergency of the victims and uniquely identifying them, (b) a mobile application, connected in real time with a cloud-based data aggregation node, enabling the emergency personnel to control the wearable device and to record the personal and medical emergency information of the victims, (c) an interoperability layer, supporting different connectivity options and capable of secure and reliable distribution of the collected data to multiple systems, such as Command and Control (C2s) systems of civil protection agencies, and (d) a web application, graphically presenting the victims’ medical emergencies and their personal information in aggregated and in-detail views, intended to be utilized by crisis managers in tactical and strategic levels of command. The efficiency of our system has been demonstrated in multiple civil protection full-scale exercises across Europe.

scholarly journals Modeling Uncertain and Dynamic Casualty Health in Optimization-Based Decision Support for Mass Casualty Incident Response

2015 ◽  
pp. 411-423
Author(s):  
Duncan T. Wilson ◽  
Glenn I. Hawe ◽  
Graham Coates ◽  
Roger S. Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Mass Casualty Incidents ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Health Model

When designing a decision support program for use in coordinating the response to Mass Casualty Incidents, the modelling of the health of casualties presents a significant challenge. In this paper we propose one such health model, capable of acknowledging both the uncertain and dynamic nature of casualty health. Incorporating this into a larger optimisation model capable of use in real-time and in an online manner, computational experiments examining the effect of errors in health assessment, regular updates of health and delays in communication are reported. Results demonstrate the often significant impact of these factors.

Real-time geotracking and cataloging of mass casualty incident markers in a search and rescue training simulation: Pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Kendall Park, BS ◽  
Kourtney Meiss ◽  
Luke Guerdan ◽  
Ev Cheng ◽  
Josiah Burchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Training Simulation

Objective: Search and rescue after mass casualty incidents relies on robust data infrastructure. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA’s) Task Force 1 (TF1) trains its volunteers to locate and virtually tag scene incidents using a global positioning satellite (GPS) device programmed with markers for each incident (Iron Sights). The authors performed a pilot study comparing Iron Sights™ to a Wi-Fi-based real-time incident geolocation and virtual tagging dashboard (Panacea™) in creating a dynamic common operating picture.Design: Twenty-nine stations were placed at a predefined scene incident, each featuring a set of varying waypoint markers using standard FEMA/TF1 nomenclature. Two volunteers performed the experiment for both the Iron Sights and Panacea systems, digitally tagging all station waypoints.Setting: TF1 simulation training field. Main outcome measure(s): Metrics compared included GPS location precision, marker accuracy, and delay between scene sweep and common operational picture (COP) generation.Results: Two hundred and sixty-one waypoints were digitally tagged after excluding three stations for missing data. The average GPS location difference for all waypoints between Iron Sights and Panacea was 3.65 m. Marker tagging accuracy between Iron Sights and Panacea was equivalent and not statistically different (78.8 percent vs 66.2 percent, respectively, p = 0.11). Waypoints were tagged in 26.59 minutes and 10.55 minutes on average, respectively. Time from scene sweep to virtual COP generation was 7.97 minutes for Iron Sights after complete scene sweep and 37 seconds for Panacea for each waypoint posting in real-time.Conclusions: Panacea generated the COP in real-time compared to a delay with Iron Sights while maintaining the same location precision and marker accuracy. This pilot trial successfully demonstrated the ability to provide real-time actionable intelligence to incident commanders during mass casualty search and rescue missions. Larger field trials are recommended to refine the system and broaden its capabilities.

1600: REAL-TIME TRACKING OF MASS CASUALTY INCIDENT MARKERS IN A SEARCH-AND-RESCUE TRAINING SIMULATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 475-475
Author(s):  
Kendall Park ◽  
Salman Ahmad ◽  
John Gillis ◽  
Prasad Calyam ◽  
Amy Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Real Time Tracking ◽  
Training Simulation

scholarly journals Prehospital Triage by Lay Person First Responders: A Scoping Review and Proposal for a new Prehospital Triage Tool

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Wesley D Jetten ◽  
Jeroen Seesink ◽  
Markus Klimek
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Life Support ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Mass Casualty Incidents ◽  
Lay People ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Healthcare Experience ◽  
Prehospital Triage

Abstract Objective: The primary aim of this study is to review the available tools for prehospital triage in case of mass casualty incidents and secondly, to develop a tool which enables lay person first responders (LPFRs) to perform triage and start basic life support in mass casualty incidents. Methods: In July 2019, online databases were consulted. Studies addressing prehospital triage methods for lay people were analyzed. Secondly, a new prehospital triage tool for LPFRs was developed. Therefore, a search for prehospital triage models available in literature was conducted and triage actions were extracted. Results: The search resulted in 6188 articles, and after screening, a scoping review of 4 articles was conducted. All articles stated that there is great potential to provide accurate prehospital triage by people with no healthcare experience. Based on these findings, and combined with the pre-existing prehospital triage tools, we developed a, not-yet validated, prehospital triage tool for lay people, which may improve disaster awareness and preparedness and might positively contribute to community resilience. Conclusion: The prehospital triage tool for lay person first responders may be useful and may help professional medical first responders to determine faster, which casualties most urgently need help in a mass casualty incident.

The potential benefits of enzymatic debridement in multi-casualty burns incidents

Trauma ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146040862110025
Author(s):  
John Kiely ◽  
Ibrahim Natalwala ◽  
Joseph Stallard ◽  
Orla Austin ◽  
Umair Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Wound Debridement ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Goal Directed Fluid Therapy ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Enzymatic Debridement

Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement (ED) is a topical treatment that is growing in popularity for the non-surgical management of burn wounds. Although initially used for small injuries, experience has grown in using it for burns >15% Total Burns Surface Area (TBSA). A household explosion resulted in burns to multiple patients, with four requiring burn wound debridement. This case report demonstrates their management using ED. Four adult male patients were treated with ED, mean age 38.4 years. Their injuries ranged from 5–24% TBSA (mean 14.9%), with a high proportion of intermediate-deep dermal injury to their faces and limbs. Our centre has performed enzymatic debridement since 2016 and all senior burns surgeons and burns intensive care specialists in the team are experienced in its use. We perform enzymatic debridement using Nexobrid™ (Mediwound Ltd., Israel). Three patients were managed on a single theatre list, using ED for their burns at 19, 16 and 23 hours post-injury. One patient had ED of his injuries on intensive care at 18 hours. Patients with >15% TBSA were treated in a critical care setting with goal directed fluid therapy. Through the use of enzymatic debridement we were able to achieve burn debridement for four patients in under 24 hours. While not a true mass casualty incident, our experience suggests that for an appropriately resourced service it is likely to have advantages in this scenario. We suggest that burns services regularly using this technique consider inclusion into mass casualty protocols, with training to staff to enable provision in such an incident.

Intentional mass-casualty incident simulation-based training: a qualitative study into nursing students’ perceptions and experiences

2021 ◽  
pp. 105051
Author(s):  
Luis Martin-Ibañez ◽  
Pablo Roman ◽  
María del Mar Diaz-Córtes ◽  
Cayetano Fernández-Sola ◽  
José Granero-Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Simulation Based
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