scholarly journals Agreement Between Exhaled Breath Carbon Monoxide Threshold Levels and Self-Reported Cigarette Smoking in a Sample of Male Adolescents in Jordan

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 841-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihaya Al-Sheyab ◽  
Khalid Kheirallah ◽  
Linda Mangnall ◽  
Robyn Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Threshold Levels

scholarly journals Predictors of Nicotine Dependence among Adult Male Midwakh and Cigarette Smokers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatah Al Sharbatti ◽  
Rizwana B. Shaikh ◽  
Jayadevan Sreedharan ◽  
Jayakumary Muttappallymyalil ◽  
Michael Weizman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers

Objectives: Midwakh is a popular form of smoking in the Middle East. This study aimed to assess predictors of nicotine dependence among exclusive cigarette and midwakh smokers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2015 in Ajman, UAE. A convenience sampling strategy was used to recruit adult male smokers aged ≥18 years who exclusively smoked either cigarettes or midwakh. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants, with nicotine dependence assessed using the Modified Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. In addition, testing was performed to determine levels of salivary cotinine and exhaled breath carbon monoxide (CO). Results: A total of 88 adult male smokers were included in the study, of which 40 (45.5%) were cigarette smokers and 48 (54.5%) smoked midwakh. Most participants were 26–35 years of age (48.9%), followed by 18–25 years (30.7%) and ≥35 years (20.5%). Use of midwakh was associated with a more than three-fold increase in the risk of moderate to high nicotine dependence in comparison with cigarette smoking. Moreover, for each unit increase in CO level, there was a 10% increase in the risk of nicotine dependency. There was also a significant association between nicotine dependence level and depth of inhalation (P = 0.023).  Conclusion: Type of smoking and CO levels were found to be significant predictors of nicotine dependence among adult male smokers. In particular, greater dependency was observed among midwakh smokers compared to those who smoked cigarettes. Keywords: Tobacco Use; Cigarette Smoking; Addictive Behaviors; Nicotine; Risk Assessment; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; United Arab Emirates.

Expired air carbon monoxide and saliva thiocyanate: Relationships to self-reports of marijuana and cigarette smoking

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Biglan ◽  
Cheri Gallison ◽  
Dennis Ary ◽  
Robert Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Expired Air

scholarly journals Real-World Evidence of Differences in Biomarkers of Exposure to Select Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents and Biomarkers of Potential Harm Between Adult E-Vapor Users and Adult Cigarette Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1114-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Oliveri ◽  
Qiwei Liang ◽  
Mohamadi Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Real World ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Lower Health

Abstract Introduction Real-world evidence regarding likely long-term health effects of e-vapor products (EVP) under actual use conditions relative to cigarette smoking is not well studied. Methods In this cross-sectional, observational study, biomarkers of exposure (BOE) to select harmful and potentially harmful constituents and biomarkers of potential harm (BOPH) relevant to smoking-related diseases were measured in exclusive adult EVP users (AEVP, n = 144) and exclusive adult cigarette smokers (AS, n = 73). AEVP used their own brand of EVP for 6+ months following 10+ years of cigarette smoking and AS smoked own brand of cigarettes for 10+ years. Subject recruitment and informed consent were obtained online and urine/blood samples were collected at local clinical laboratories, representing a new paradigm for collecting real-world evidence. Results The levels of total NNAL (NNK metabolite), 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (acrolein metabolite), and carboxyhemoglobin (carbon monoxide measure) were 46% to 86% lower in AEVP compared with AS (p ≤ .0001) as was nicotine equivalents (nicotine and its five metabolites; 36%, p < .01). The levels of some BOPH were significantly lower in AEVP compared with AS for 11-dehydrothromboxane-B2 (29%, p = .04; platelet activation), 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (23%, p = .02; oxidative stress) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (16%, p = .02; endothelial function). Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of a new approach for collecting real-world evidence. Substantially lower levels of BOEs (NNK, nicotine, acrolein, carbon monoxide) and favorable differences in BOPHs (platelet activation, oxidative stress, endothelial function) suggest EVP users may have lower health risks than cigarette smokers. Implications Cigarette smoking causes serious diseases. Switching from a combustible tobacco product to a noncombustible product is a potential harm reduction pathway for adult smokers unable or unwilling to quit. Real-world evidence regarding the relative risk of EVP use compared with cigarettes is not well established. This study provides data specific to BOE to tobacco smoke constituents and biomarkers of potential harm collected under actual use conditions in a real-world setting. The totality of evidence suggests that exclusive EVP use may present lower health risk compared with smoking cigarettes.

Effects of ventilation on the collection of exhaled breath in humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1371-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keary A. Cope ◽  
Michael T. Watson ◽  
W. Michael Foster ◽  
Shelley S. Sehnert ◽  
Terence H. Risby
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Sulfur Containing

A computerized system has been developed to monitor tidal volume, respiration rate, mouth pressure, and carbon dioxide during breath collection. This system was used to investigate variability in the production of breath biomarkers over an 8-h period. Hyperventilation occurred when breath was collected from spontaneously breathing study subjects ( n = 8). Therefore, breath samples were collected from study subjects whose breathing were paced at a respiration rate of 10 breaths/min and whose tidal volumes were gauged according to body mass. In this “paced breathing” group ( n = 16), end-tidal concentrations of isoprene and ethane correlated with end-tidal carbon dioxide levels [Spearman's rank correlation test ( rs) = 0.64, P = 0.008 and rs = 0.50, P = 0.05, respectively]. Ethane also correlated with heart rate ( rs = 0.52, P < 0.05). There was an inverse correlation between transcutaneous pulse oximetry and exhaled carbon monoxide ( rs = -0.64, P = 0.008). Significant differences were identified between men ( n = 8) and women ( n = 8) in the concentrations of carbon monoxide (4 parts per million in men vs. 3 parts per million in women; P = 0.01) and volatile sulfur-containing compounds (134 parts per billion in men vs. 95 parts per billion in women; P = 0.016). There was a peak in ethanol concentration directly after food consumption and a significant decrease in ethanol concentration 2 h later ( P = 0.01; n = 16). Sulfur-containing molecules increased linearly throughout the study period (β = 7.4, P < 0.003). Ventilation patterns strongly influence quantification of volatile analytes in exhaled breath and thus, accordingly, the breathing pattern should be controlled to ensure representative analyses.

Platelet function after cigarette smoking in relation to nicotine and carbon monoxide

1984 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Renaud ◽  
Denis Blache ◽  
Elise Dumont ◽  
Chantal Thevenon ◽  
Thérèse Wissendanger
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Platelet Function
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