scholarly journals Adverse effects of cigarette smoking on exhaled breath carbon monoxide, blood carboxyhemoglobin, and hematological parameters amongst Sri Lankan adult tobacco smokers: A descriptive study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (October) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Prasanna Herath ◽  
Savithri Wimalasekera ◽  
Thamara Amarasekara ◽  
Manoj Fernando ◽  
Sue Turale
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Exhaled Breath

scholarly journals Predictors of Nicotine Dependence among Adult Male Midwakh and Cigarette Smokers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shatah Al Sharbatti ◽  
Rizwana B. Shaikh ◽  
Jayadevan Sreedharan ◽  
Jayakumary Muttappallymyalil ◽  
Michael Weizman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers

Objectives: Midwakh is a popular form of smoking in the Middle East. This study aimed to assess predictors of nicotine dependence among exclusive cigarette and midwakh smokers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2015 in Ajman, UAE. A convenience sampling strategy was used to recruit adult male smokers aged ≥18 years who exclusively smoked either cigarettes or midwakh. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants, with nicotine dependence assessed using the Modified Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. In addition, testing was performed to determine levels of salivary cotinine and exhaled breath carbon monoxide (CO). Results: A total of 88 adult male smokers were included in the study, of which 40 (45.5%) were cigarette smokers and 48 (54.5%) smoked midwakh. Most participants were 26–35 years of age (48.9%), followed by 18–25 years (30.7%) and ≥35 years (20.5%). Use of midwakh was associated with a more than three-fold increase in the risk of moderate to high nicotine dependence in comparison with cigarette smoking. Moreover, for each unit increase in CO level, there was a 10% increase in the risk of nicotine dependency. There was also a significant association between nicotine dependence level and depth of inhalation (P = 0.023).  Conclusion: Type of smoking and CO levels were found to be significant predictors of nicotine dependence among adult male smokers. In particular, greater dependency was observed among midwakh smokers compared to those who smoked cigarettes. Keywords: Tobacco Use; Cigarette Smoking; Addictive Behaviors; Nicotine; Risk Assessment; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; United Arab Emirates.

scholarly journals “Analysis of the Adverse effects of synthetic dyes (hair colour)In comparison with Ayurvedic alternatives –Descriptive study.”

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aruna Jeswani
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Hair Dyes ◽  
Hair Colour

Recently the use of synthetic dyes in hair colour has been increased very rapidly, Not only to cover their white and grey hairs but also to give hair a different fashionable look. For this different colours are also used by people but these hair dyes results in lot of adverse effects. To analyse these effects in comparison with ayurvedic alternatives this study will be carried out & Conclusion done accordingly.

Expired air carbon monoxide and saliva thiocyanate: Relationships to self-reports of marijuana and cigarette smoking

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Biglan ◽  
Cheri Gallison ◽  
Dennis Ary ◽  
Robert Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Expired Air

scholarly journals Real-World Evidence of Differences in Biomarkers of Exposure to Select Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents and Biomarkers of Potential Harm Between Adult E-Vapor Users and Adult Cigarette Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1114-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Oliveri ◽  
Qiwei Liang ◽  
Mohamadi Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Real World ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Lower Health

Abstract Introduction Real-world evidence regarding likely long-term health effects of e-vapor products (EVP) under actual use conditions relative to cigarette smoking is not well studied. Methods In this cross-sectional, observational study, biomarkers of exposure (BOE) to select harmful and potentially harmful constituents and biomarkers of potential harm (BOPH) relevant to smoking-related diseases were measured in exclusive adult EVP users (AEVP, n = 144) and exclusive adult cigarette smokers (AS, n = 73). AEVP used their own brand of EVP for 6+ months following 10+ years of cigarette smoking and AS smoked own brand of cigarettes for 10+ years. Subject recruitment and informed consent were obtained online and urine/blood samples were collected at local clinical laboratories, representing a new paradigm for collecting real-world evidence. Results The levels of total NNAL (NNK metabolite), 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (acrolein metabolite), and carboxyhemoglobin (carbon monoxide measure) were 46% to 86% lower in AEVP compared with AS (p ≤ .0001) as was nicotine equivalents (nicotine and its five metabolites; 36%, p < .01). The levels of some BOPH were significantly lower in AEVP compared with AS for 11-dehydrothromboxane-B2 (29%, p = .04; platelet activation), 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (23%, p = .02; oxidative stress) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (16%, p = .02; endothelial function). Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of a new approach for collecting real-world evidence. Substantially lower levels of BOEs (NNK, nicotine, acrolein, carbon monoxide) and favorable differences in BOPHs (platelet activation, oxidative stress, endothelial function) suggest EVP users may have lower health risks than cigarette smokers. Implications Cigarette smoking causes serious diseases. Switching from a combustible tobacco product to a noncombustible product is a potential harm reduction pathway for adult smokers unable or unwilling to quit. Real-world evidence regarding the relative risk of EVP use compared with cigarettes is not well established. This study provides data specific to BOE to tobacco smoke constituents and biomarkers of potential harm collected under actual use conditions in a real-world setting. The totality of evidence suggests that exclusive EVP use may present lower health risk compared with smoking cigarettes.

scholarly journals Smokeless Tobacco and Its Adverse Effects on Hematological Parameters: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar Shukla ◽  
Tanya Khaitan ◽  
Prashant Gupta ◽  
Shantala R. Naik
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Total Leucocyte Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Inflammatory Status

Background. Smokeless tobacco (SLT) as a drug substance has been used throughout the world although it has dangerous effects on human health. Among the 28 known carcinogens in SLT, tobacco-specific nitrosamines are considered to be the most potent. This has challenged the metabolic condition leading to a rise in the inflammatory status, increased apoptosis, and red blood cell (RBC) membrane damage. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the adverse effects of SLT on hematological parameters and establish a correlation between them. Materials and Methods. A total of 100 subjects (50 SLT users and 50 nonusers) were selected for the study. Complete demographic data and history were taken and clinical examination was done to evaluate any oral mucosal changes. Venous blood samples were taken to analyze the hematological parameters. Results. Significant changes were observed in the complete blood profile in SLT users when compared to nonusers. All the hematological parameters had a negative correlation with form of SLT except for total leucocyte count which had a positive correlation. Conclusion. The current study confers an imperative role into SLT mediated effects on a complete hemogram and might be beneficial in spreading awareness against its usage. It also serves as a forewarning alarm among the population consuming SLT as an alternative to smoking tobacco.

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