Identifying Dietary Patterns Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Korean Adults Using Reduced Rank Regression

Nutrition research has traditionally focused on single nutrients in relation to health. However, recent appreciation of the complex synergistic interactions among nutrients and other food constituents has led to a growing interest in total dietary patterns. Methods of measurement include summation of food or nutrient recommendations met, such as the United States Department of Agriculture Healthy Eating Index; data-driven approaches — principal components (PCA) and cluster analyses — which describe actual intake patterns in the population; and, most recently, reduced rank regression, which defines linear combinations of food intakes that maximally explain intermediate markers of disease. PCA, a form of factor analysis, derives linear combinations of foods based on their intercorrelations. Cluster analysis groups individuals into maximally differing eating patterns. These approaches have now been used in diverse populations with good reproducibility. In contrast, because it is based on associations with outcomes rather than on coherent behavioral patterns, reduced rank regression may be less reproducible, but more research is needed. However, it is likely to yield useful information for hypothesis generation. Together, the focus on dietary patterns has been fruitful in demonstrating the powerful protective associations of healthy or prudent dietary patterns, and the higher risk associations of Western or meat and refined grains patterns. The field, however, has not fully addressed the effects of diet in subpopulations, including ethnic minorities. Depending on food group coding, subdietary patterns may be obscured or artificially separated, leading to potentially misleading results. Further attention to the definition of the dietary patterns of different populations is critical to providing meaningful results. Still, dietary pattern research has great potential for use in nutrition policy, particularly as it demonstrates the importance of total diet in health promotion.

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Dietary Patterns Derived by Reduced Rank Regression Are Inversely Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Risk across 5 Ethnic Groups in the Multiethnic Cohort

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.3945/cdn.117.000620 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. e000620 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Simone Jacobs ◽

Janine Kroeger ◽

Matthias B Schulze ◽

Laura K Frank ◽

Adrian A Franke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Diabetes Risk ◽

Reduced Rank Regression ◽

Rank Regression ◽

Reduced Rank ◽

Multiethnic Cohort

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Relationship Between Dietary Patterns Derived by Reduced Rank Regression and Risk of Depression in American Adults

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab038_076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 464-464

Author(s):

Peng Zhao ◽

Yemian Li ◽

Jingxian Wang ◽

Yuhui Yang ◽

Danmeng Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

The United States ◽

Reduced Rank Regression ◽

Eating Pattern ◽

Rank Regression ◽

Reduced Rank ◽

High Adherence ◽

Response Variables

Abstract Objectives Depression is one of the most serious mental disorder worldwide. Published studies indicated that nutrients such as folic acid and magnesium may provide a protective effect against it. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether dietary patterns defined by nutrients are associated with the risk of depression. Methods Research data content of 23 464 adults was obtained from the NHANES database. Dietary data were assessed with a valid food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived by reduced rank regression with EPA + DHA, folate, Mg and Zn as response variables. The Patient Health Questionnaire was used to assess depressive symptoms (cutoff = 10). We applied logistic regression analyses to test the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms. Finally, all samples were divided into three groups: low, medium and high adherence to dietary patterns according to the trinomial score of dietary patterns, and the differences of depression risk among the three groups were compared. Results In total, 3 020 cases with depression were observed. We identified a dietary pattern that was strongly associated with EPA + DHA, folate, Mg and Zn (response variables) intake, which was also characterized by the consumption of vegetables, grains, meat, nuts, beans, peas, and lentils, milk, cheese, oils and solid fats. After adjustment for confounders, a statistically significant association was observed (OR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.36,0.50; P < 0.001). In addition, compared with the low-adherence group, increasing adherence to this dietary pattern significantly reduced the risk of depression (medium-adherence: OR = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.55,0.71; high-adherence: OR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.36,0.51; P < 0.001). Conclusions Adults living in the United States have been linked to a lower risk of depression with a high-nutrient eating pattern. Funding Sources National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Key R&D Program of China.

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Dietary Patterns and Mild Cognitive Impairment Risk in Korean Adults over 50 Years Old

Preventive Nutrition and Food Science ◽

10.3746/pnf.2021.26.2.132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 132-145

Author(s):

Kyoung Yun Kim ◽

Jung-Mi Yun

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Korean Adults

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Can dietary patterns help us detect diet–disease associations?

Nutrition Research Reviews ◽

10.1079/nrr2005107 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 241-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 149

Author(s):

Karin B. Michels ◽

Matthias B. Schulze

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Data Driven ◽

Dietary Composition ◽

Reduced Rank Regression ◽

Rank Regression ◽

Reduced Rank ◽

Disease Associations ◽

Factor And Cluster Analysis ◽

And Cluster Analysis

The role of diet in promoting health and preventing disease is difficult to elucidate due to its complex network of foods and nutrients. Besides total energy intake, dietary composition is probably the most important discriminator within and between populations. Dietary composition is reflected in dietary patterns, which have recently gained popularity. The present paper reviews the most commonly applied methods to identify dietary patterns, data-driven methods such as factor and cluster analysis, investigator-driven methods such as indices and score, and methods combining the two, namely reduced rank regression. We describe the techniques and their application, discuss strengths and limitations, and discuss the usefulness of dietary pattern analyses.

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The association between dietary patterns derived by reduced rank regression and depressive symptoms over time: the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516001318 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (12) ◽

pp. 2145-2153 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Esther Vermeulen ◽

Karien Stronks ◽

Marjolein Visser ◽

Ingeborg A. Brouwer ◽

Aart H. Schene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Reduced Rank Regression ◽

Rank Regression ◽

Reduced Rank ◽

Red And Processed Meat

AbstractThis study aimed to identify dietary patterns using reduced rank regression (RRR) and to explore their associations with depressive symptoms over 9 years in the Invecchiare in Chianti study. At baseline, 1362 participants (55·4 % women) aged 18–102 years (mean age 68 (sd 15·5) years) were included in the study. Baseline data collection started in 1998 and was repeated after 3, 6 and 9 years. Dietary intake information was obtained using a country-specific, validated FFQ with 188 food items. For baseline diet, dietary pattern scores in quartiles (Q) were derived using RRR with the nutrients EPA+DHA, folate, Mg and Zn as response variables. Continuous depression scores from the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale were used for assessing depressive symptoms. The derived dietary pattern was rich in vegetables, olive oil, grains, fruit, fish and moderate in wine and red and processed meat, and was labelled as ‘typical Tuscan dietary pattern’. After full adjustment, an inverse association was observed between this dietary pattern and depressive symptoms at baseline (Q1 v. Q4, B −2·77; 95 % CI −4·55, −0·98). When examining the relationship between the above-mentioned dietary pattern at baseline and depressive symptoms over 9 years, a similar association was found after full adjustment for confounding factors (Q1 v. Q4, B −1·78; 95 % CI −3·17, −0·38). A diet rich in vegetables, olive oil, grains, fruits, fish and moderate in wine and red and processed meat was consistently associated with lower CES-D scores over a 9-year period in the Tuscan population.

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