Dietary Patterns Derived by Reduced Rank Regression Are Inversely Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Risk across 5 Ethnic Groups in the Multiethnic Cohort

Nutrition research has traditionally focused on single nutrients in relation to health. However, recent appreciation of the complex synergistic interactions among nutrients and other food constituents has led to a growing interest in total dietary patterns. Methods of measurement include summation of food or nutrient recommendations met, such as the United States Department of Agriculture Healthy Eating Index; data-driven approaches — principal components (PCA) and cluster analyses — which describe actual intake patterns in the population; and, most recently, reduced rank regression, which defines linear combinations of food intakes that maximally explain intermediate markers of disease. PCA, a form of factor analysis, derives linear combinations of foods based on their intercorrelations. Cluster analysis groups individuals into maximally differing eating patterns. These approaches have now been used in diverse populations with good reproducibility. In contrast, because it is based on associations with outcomes rather than on coherent behavioral patterns, reduced rank regression may be less reproducible, but more research is needed. However, it is likely to yield useful information for hypothesis generation. Together, the focus on dietary patterns has been fruitful in demonstrating the powerful protective associations of healthy or prudent dietary patterns, and the higher risk associations of Western or meat and refined grains patterns. The field, however, has not fully addressed the effects of diet in subpopulations, including ethnic minorities. Depending on food group coding, subdietary patterns may be obscured or artificially separated, leading to potentially misleading results. Further attention to the definition of the dietary patterns of different populations is critical to providing meaningful results. Still, dietary pattern research has great potential for use in nutrition policy, particularly as it demonstrates the importance of total diet in health promotion.

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Relationship Between Dietary Patterns Derived by Reduced Rank Regression and Risk of Depression in American Adults

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab038_076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 464-464

Author(s):

Peng Zhao ◽

Yemian Li ◽

Jingxian Wang ◽

Yuhui Yang ◽

Danmeng Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

The United States ◽

Reduced Rank Regression ◽

Eating Pattern ◽

Rank Regression ◽

Reduced Rank ◽

High Adherence ◽

Response Variables

Abstract Objectives Depression is one of the most serious mental disorder worldwide. Published studies indicated that nutrients such as folic acid and magnesium may provide a protective effect against it. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether dietary patterns defined by nutrients are associated with the risk of depression. Methods Research data content of 23 464 adults was obtained from the NHANES database. Dietary data were assessed with a valid food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived by reduced rank regression with EPA + DHA, folate, Mg and Zn as response variables. The Patient Health Questionnaire was used to assess depressive symptoms (cutoff = 10). We applied logistic regression analyses to test the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms. Finally, all samples were divided into three groups: low, medium and high adherence to dietary patterns according to the trinomial score of dietary patterns, and the differences of depression risk among the three groups were compared. Results In total, 3 020 cases with depression were observed. We identified a dietary pattern that was strongly associated with EPA + DHA, folate, Mg and Zn (response variables) intake, which was also characterized by the consumption of vegetables, grains, meat, nuts, beans, peas, and lentils, milk, cheese, oils and solid fats. After adjustment for confounders, a statistically significant association was observed (OR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.36,0.50; P < 0.001). In addition, compared with the low-adherence group, increasing adherence to this dietary pattern significantly reduced the risk of depression (medium-adherence: OR = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.55,0.71; high-adherence: OR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.36,0.51; P < 0.001). Conclusions Adults living in the United States have been linked to a lower risk of depression with a high-nutrient eating pattern. Funding Sources National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Key R&D Program of China.

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No Association of Type 2 Diabetes Risk Variants and Prostate Cancer Risk: the Multiethnic Cohort and PAGE: Table 1.

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention ◽

10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0019 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 1979-1981 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kevin M. Waters ◽

Lynne R. Wilkens ◽

Kristine R. Monroe ◽

Daniel O. Stram ◽

Laurence N. Kolonel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Diabetes Risk ◽

Risk Variants ◽

Multiethnic Cohort ◽

Page Table

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A priori-defined diet quality indices, biomarkers and risk for type 2 diabetes in five ethnic groups: the Multiethnic Cohort

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114517002033 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 118 (4) ◽

pp. 312-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Simone Jacobs ◽

Carol J. Boushey ◽

Adrian A. Franke ◽

Yurii B. Shvetsov ◽

Kristine R. Monroe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Japanese American ◽

Dash Score ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Quality Indices ◽

Multiethnic Cohort

AbstractDietary indices have been related to risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) predominantly in white populations. The present study evaluated this association in the ethnically diverse Multiethnic Cohort and examined four diet quality indices in relation to T2D risk, homoeostatic model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and biomarkers of dyslipidaemia, inflammation and adipokines. The T2D analysis included 166 550 white, African American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese American and Latino participants (9200 incident T2D cases). Dietary intake was assessed at baseline using a quantitative FFQ and T2D status was based on three self-reports and confirmed by administrative data. Biomarkers were assessed about 10 years later in a biomarker subcohort (n 10 060). Sex- and ethnicity-specific hazard ratios were calculated for the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), the alternative HEI-2010 (AHEI-2010), the alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). Multivariable-adjusted means of biomarkers were compared across dietary index tertiles in the biomarker subcohort. The AHEI-2010, aMED (in men only) and DASH scores were related to a 10–20 % lower T2D risk, with the strongest associations in whites and the direction of the relationships mostly consistent across ethnic groups. Higher scores on the four indices were related to lower HOMA-IR, TAG and C-reactive protein concentrations, not related to leptin, and the DASH score was directly associated with adiponectin. The AHEI-2010 and DASH were directly related to HDL-cholesterol in women. Potential underlying biological mechanisms linking diet quality and T2D risk are an improved lipid profile and reduced systemic inflammation and, with regards to DASH alone, an improved adiponectin profile.

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Type 2 diabetes risk variants and colorectal cancer risk: the Multiethnic Cohort and PAGE studies

Gut ◽

10.1136/gut.2011.237727 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 60 (12) ◽

pp. 1703-1711 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

I. Cheng ◽

C. P. Caberto ◽

A. Lum-Jones ◽

A. Seifried ◽

L. R. Wilkens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Diabetes Risk ◽

Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽

Risk Variants ◽

Multiethnic Cohort

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Empirically derived dietary patterns and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis on prospective observational studies

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980015001251 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 230-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Zahra Maghsoudi ◽

Reza Ghiasvand ◽

Amin Salehi-Abargouei

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Diabetes Risk ◽

Phytochemical Content

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review prospective cohort studies about the association between dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence, and to quantify the effects using a meta-analysis.DesignDatabases such as PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS and Google Scholar were searched up to 15 January 2015. Cohort studies which tried to examine the association between empirically derived dietary patterns and incident T2DM were selected. The relative risks (RR) and their 95 % confidence intervals for diabetes among participants with highest v. lowest adherence to derived dietary patterns were incorporated into meta-analysis using random-effects models.ResultsTen studies (n 404 528) were enrolled in the systematic review and meta-analysis; our analysis revealed that adherence to the ‘healthy’ dietary patterns significantly reduced the risk of T2DM (RR=0·86; 95 % CI 0·82, 0·90), while the ‘unhealthy’ dietary patterns adversely affected diabetes risk (RR=1·30; 95 % CI 1·18, 1·43). Subgroup analysis showed that unhealthy dietary patterns in which foods with high phytochemical content were also loaded did not significantly increase T2DM risk (RR=1·06; 95 % CI 0·87, 1·30).Conclusions‘Healthy’ dietary patterns containing vegetables, fruits and whole grains can lower diabetes risk by 14 %. Consuming higher amounts of red and processed meats, high-fat dairy and refined grains in the context of ‘unhealthy’ dietary patterns will increase diabetes risk by 30 %; while including foods with high phytochemical content in these patterns can modify this effect.

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