scholarly journals Influence of Vehicle Speed on the Characteristics of Driver’s Eye Movement at a Highway Tunnel Entrance during Day and Night Conditions: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Qin ◽  
Li-Li Dong ◽  
Wen-Hai Xu ◽  
Li-Dong Zhang ◽  
Arturo Leon
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Highway Tunnel ◽  
Tunnel Entrance

scholarly journals Evaluation of Effectiveness of Speed Reduction Markings on Driving Speed in Highway Tunnel Entrance and Exit Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Tong Zhu ◽  
Changshuai Wang ◽  
Chenxuan Yang ◽  
Runqing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Design Criterion ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Highway Tunnel ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Driver Support Systems ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
Tunnel Entrance

Tunnels are critical areas for highway safety because the severity of crashes in tunnels tends to be more serious. Controlling vehicle speed is regarded as a feasible measure to reduce the accident rate in the tunnel entrance and exit areas. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of three types of speed reduction markings (SRMs) in tunnel entrance and exit zones by conducting a driving simulation experiment. For this study, 25 drivers completed the driving tasks in the day and night scenarios. The vehicle speed and acceleration data were collected for analysing and the relative speed contrast, time mean speed and acceleration were adopted as indices to evaluate the effectiveness of SRMs. The repeated ANOVA test results revealed that SRMs have a significant effect in reducing vehicle speed, especially in the exit zone. Colour Anti-skid Markings (CASMs) produced a more obvious deceleration in the entrance zone. In the entrance zone, a similar downward trend was performed in the situation of NSRMs and SRMs, but a lower speed occurred in case of SRMs. Besides, CASMs work better and cause an obvious gap of 10 km/h in daytime and 5 km/h at night compared to the speed without SRMs. In the exit zone, the present study supports the conclusion that the drivers are prone to accelerate. Our results showed that the drivers accelerated in case of NSRMs, while they slowed down in case of SRMs. Thus, SRMs are necessarily implemented in the highway tunnel entrance and exit zones. Our study also indicates that though CASMs result in lower speed at night, the Transverse Speed Reduction Markings(TSRMs) have a better performance than CASMs in daytime. The investigation provides essential information for developing a new marking design criterion and intelligent driver support systems in the highway tunnel zones.

scholarly journals Discussion on Landscape and Greening Technology of Highway Structural Tunnel Entrance

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 03035
Author(s):  
Liu Ming ◽  
Liu Zhiqiang ◽  
Qiang Rongrong
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Practical Stability ◽  
Tunnel Engineering ◽  
Portal Area ◽  
Highway Tunnel ◽  
Exposed Part ◽  
Tunnel Portal ◽  
Tunnel Entrance

Highway tunnel entrance is not only the exposed part of mountain in the tunnel engineering, but also an integral part of the highway breaking through the mountain. On the premise of ensuring the safety of tunnel entrance, it is important to realize the unity of safety and practical “stability” and landscape greening “beauty” of the expressway tunnel through reasonable aesthetic landscape greening design. In combination with the topographic and geomorphological conditions as well as the regional and humanistic conditions of the highway tunnel portal area, this paper introduces the cultural landscape and plant greening engineering of highway tunnel entrance by reference to the successful experience of tunnel entrance landscape greening, and puts forward the requirements for landscape and greening technology of highway tunnel entrance in accordance with the provisions of relevant regulations.

scholarly journals Long-Term Follow-up Investigation of Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Without Atonia Without Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1273-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambra Stefani ◽  
David Gabelia ◽  
Birgit Högl ◽  
Thomas Mitterling ◽  
Philipp Mahlknecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Optimization Design of Shading Shed Transmittance in Highway Tunnel Entrance

2012 ◽  
Vol 605-607 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Guo Chun Zhang ◽  
Han Bai ◽  
Hao Xue Liu ◽  
Bin Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Design Algorithm ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Highway Tunnel ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Tunnel Entrance

Shading shed transmittance of highway tunnel entrance should be designed to be compatible with the driver visual characteristics. By using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, change law between pupil area and illumination was found through driver visual characteristics experiments in tunnel entrance. Optimal design algorithm of shading shed transmittance in highway tunnel entrance was established. Nanwutai tunnel on Baotou to Maoming highway are selected as research case to prove the model. The results of this study provide evidence that the model has obvious superiority.

Research on the Safe Lighting of Minor Radius Curve Spiral Tunnels

2011 ◽  
Vol 99-100 ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xin Fu ◽  
Hui Ren ◽  
Jian Hua Wang ◽  
Tian Le Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Minor Radius ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Human Eyes ◽  
Tunnel Portal ◽  
Tunnel Entrance

Abstract: Based on the engineering background of Sichuan Ganhaizi spiral tunnel, this thesis studied the surrounding environment of portal and simulated the whole portal section, and then analyzed the effect of natural light on the portal illumination at different times. With the research on the brightness reduction and human eyes’ adaptation to it, the thesis calculated the discount rate k and obtained the requirements of vehicle speed at Ganhaizi tunnel entrance. Finally, the thesis put forward that some light reduction facilities such as vegetation outside the portal should be used, and on a clear day, from 12:00 to 15:00, the uphill tunnel portal illumination is significantly higher than other sections, thus at this time artificial lighting should be used to modulate entrance lighting.

Psychophysiological Correlates of the Spontaneous K-Complex

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Scott ◽  
Werner Karle ◽  
Alan Switzer ◽  
Joseph Hart ◽  
Richard Corriere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
Major Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Psychophysiological Correlates

A pilot study covering three nights and two studies were carried out to investigate the psychophysiological correlates of the spontaneous K-complex in relation to intense psychotherapy. The pilot study produced evidence that the K-complex was not consistent and stable within or across nights and that its variability might be sensitive to psycho-emotional influences. In the first major study 2 subjects were recorded non-consecutively over a 3-wk. period during experience of intensive therapy while in the second 6 subjects were studied before and after two therapeutic sessions. Results indicated that nights after therapy differed significantly from baseline nights and a significant interaction took place between subjects and therapy on one or more variables of the K-complex and several eye movement indices. Some relationship to length of time in therapy was also noted. These findings were interpreted to indicate a possible relationship between complete expression of feeling and the occurrence of phasic events in the sleeping EEG.

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