Research on the Safe Lighting of Minor Radius Curve Spiral Tunnels

2011 ◽  
Vol 99-100 ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xin Fu ◽  
Hui Ren ◽  
Jian Hua Wang ◽  
Tian Le Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Minor Radius ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Human Eyes ◽  
Tunnel Portal ◽  
Tunnel Entrance

Abstract: Based on the engineering background of Sichuan Ganhaizi spiral tunnel, this thesis studied the surrounding environment of portal and simulated the whole portal section, and then analyzed the effect of natural light on the portal illumination at different times. With the research on the brightness reduction and human eyes’ adaptation to it, the thesis calculated the discount rate k and obtained the requirements of vehicle speed at Ganhaizi tunnel entrance. Finally, the thesis put forward that some light reduction facilities such as vegetation outside the portal should be used, and on a clear day, from 12:00 to 15:00, the uphill tunnel portal illumination is significantly higher than other sections, thus at this time artificial lighting should be used to modulate entrance lighting.

Review of the Current State and Future Development in Standardizing Natural Lighting in Interiors

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Darula
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Computer Tools ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Current State ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Window Design

Three elements mainly wind, water and sun seemed to determine in ancient ages the basic phenomena of life on Earth. Architectural history documented the importance of sun influence on urban and building construction already in layouts of Mesopotamian and Greek houses. Not only sun radiation but especially daylight played a significant role in the creation of indoor environment. Later, in the 20th century, a search of interaction between human life in buildings and natural conditions were studied considering well­being and energy conscious design recently using computer tools in complex research and more detail interdisciplinary solutions. At the same time the restricted daytime availability of natural light was supplemented by more efficient and continually cheaper artificial lighting of interiors. There are two main approaches to standardize the design and evaluation of indoor visual environment. The first is based on the determination of the minimum requirements respecting human health and visibility needs in all activities while the second emphasizes the behaviour and comfort of occupants in buildings considering year­around natural changes of physical quantities like light, temperature, noise and energy consumption. The new current standardization basis for daylight evaluation and window design criteria stimulate the study of methodology principles that historically were based on the overcast type of sky luminance pattern avoiding yearly availability of sky illuminance levels. New trends to base the daylight standardization on yearly or long­term availability of daylight are using the averages or median sky illuminance levels to characterise local climatological conditions. This paper offers the review and discussion about the principles of the natural light standardization with a short introduction to the history and current state, with a trial to focus on the possible development of lighting engineering and its standards in future.

scholarly journals Discussion on Landscape and Greening Technology of Highway Structural Tunnel Entrance

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 03035
Author(s):  
Liu Ming ◽  
Liu Zhiqiang ◽  
Qiang Rongrong
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Practical Stability ◽  
Tunnel Engineering ◽  
Portal Area ◽  
Highway Tunnel ◽  
Exposed Part ◽  
Tunnel Portal ◽  
Tunnel Entrance

Highway tunnel entrance is not only the exposed part of mountain in the tunnel engineering, but also an integral part of the highway breaking through the mountain. On the premise of ensuring the safety of tunnel entrance, it is important to realize the unity of safety and practical “stability” and landscape greening “beauty” of the expressway tunnel through reasonable aesthetic landscape greening design. In combination with the topographic and geomorphological conditions as well as the regional and humanistic conditions of the highway tunnel portal area, this paper introduces the cultural landscape and plant greening engineering of highway tunnel entrance by reference to the successful experience of tunnel entrance landscape greening, and puts forward the requirements for landscape and greening technology of highway tunnel entrance in accordance with the provisions of relevant regulations.

Ocean-finding in marine turtles: the importance of low horizon elevation as an orientation cue

Behaviour ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (8) ◽  
pp. 863-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Col Limpus ◽  
Ruth L. Kamrowski
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Marine Turtles ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Horizon Line ◽  
Nesting Beaches

Sea finding behaviour in hatchling sea turtles is widely believed to be guided by orientation towards the brightest horizon and away from high silhouettes. We propose that the horizon profile at the lowest angle of elevation is a more important cue for ocean finding than light intensity. Examples of hatchling orientation occurring at natural nest sites, at preselected beach release sites, and within a walled wooden arena under various conditions in the field, are presented. We conclude that hatchlings orient as follows: (1) Hatchlings move towards the horizon line at the lowest angle of elevation; (2) Hatchlings move away from high silhouettes, in a direction that remains close to the horizon line at the lowest angle of elevation; (3) Should a conflict exist regarding the direction of lowest horizon elevation, hatchlings move towards the brightest lowest horizon. This refinement to current theory explains numerous instances of natural non-ocean-finding behaviour in marine turtles, which occur both by day and by night, and in the absence of artificial lighting. We propose that the disruption caused to hatchling orientation by artificial lighting close to nesting beaches occurs because bright lights mask the horizon line as a cue by making it impossible to discern, causing the hatchlings to move towards the only visible “horizon” — the artificial lights. Consequently, we recommend that managers of sea turtle rookeries where turtles have an ocean-finding problem should manipulate the beach profile to ensure the direction of the ocean matches the lowest angle of elevation, in combination with light reduction strategies — as the most effective means of preventing disrupted orientation.

Evaluation of the noise from a Shinkansen tunnel portal with a tunnel entrance hood

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017.27 (0) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Kaoru MURATA ◽  
Yukie OGATA ◽  
Toshiki KITAGAWA ◽  
Kenichi KURIBAYASHI
Keyword(s):  
Tunnel Portal ◽  
Tunnel Entrance

Instability Mechanism of Du Yun Pass Tunnel Entrance Weathered Stacking Area Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
Yao Rong ◽  
Cheng Ke Zhang ◽  
Meng Yun Mao ◽  
Lu Lin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pile Foundation ◽  
Stability Problem ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Instability Mechanism ◽  
Construction Scheme ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Tunnel Portal ◽  
Tunnel Entrance

The stability of the tunnel portal section under poor terrain and geological condition has always been the focus of construction safety. The stability problem has become more complex for the erosion accumulation area under the valley. In this paper, firstly the stability of the tunnel portal is classified. Combined with engineering cases, the FEM numerical method is used to simulate the supporting structure and construction process of the tunnel. Based on the distribution of the plastic zone and displacement of surrounding rock, the mechanism of the instability of the tunnel portal is analyzed. Through the optimized construction scheme that arranges pile foundation in tunnel arch foundation, the bearing capacity of foundation has been greatly improved, which has effectively prevented the instability of surrounding rock caused by the slope deformation and foundation settlement. The conclusions that have been drawn in this paper can be used for reference for related projects.

scholarly journals Hygienic assessment of intraschool environment in rural and urban secondary school institutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1193-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna V. Mylnikova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The One ◽  
Special Studies

The purpose of the research is to assess the intra-environment indices in urban and rural secondary schools. In the course of special studies there was given the hygienic assessment of the climate, illumination and air quality of classrooms. In classrooms in rural schools microclimate indices were established to fail to meet hygienic requirements mainly on the temperature and humidity parameters. In rural schools, the temperature was decreased to 16-17 °C in 19.0 ± 8.6% of classrooms, humidity was elevated to 63.1% in 25.7 ± 7.4% of classrooms. Among urban schools the humidity in 49.6 ± 4.4% of classrooms reduced to 23.3 ± 0.3%, in 20.8 ± 5.4% of offices it was increased to 71.9 ± 0.9%. The coefficient of the natural illumination in rural schools has been reduced to 0.86-1.4% in 33.9 ± 14.2% of classrooms. In 25.1 ± 2.3% of classrooms in urban schools the level of natural light ratio was below the normative values and varied in the range of 0.32-1.3%. It is noted that in the offices of informatics natural light indices are significantly lower than in the classrooms for core subjects. The artificial lighting in urban schools was found to be lower than hygienic standards on the desks by 1.9 times, 2.2 times - at the board. There were obtained statistically significant handshaking health problems of urban schoolchildren due to intraenvironmental factors. The c dimate in surveyed gyms in rural schools is different in the low temperature and high humidity. The hygienic assessment of the air pollution classrooms’ medium was executed for a range of chemicals: formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter. Concentrations of formaldehyde; nitrogen dioxide, suspended solids in the air in classrooms in urban schools appeared to be higher than in rural schools. Carbon monoxide concentrations in classrooms in rural schools was found to exceed their values in urban schools. The air in classrooms of the one of the cities was found to be differed by a specific atmosphere for its chemical - hydrogen fluoride, in concentrations exceeding the maximum allowed concentration by 3-3.5 times.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Applied to Natural Light and Artificial Lighting Hybrid Dimming Control System

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Tae-Kyung Sung ◽  
Chung-Sik Lee ◽  
Byung-Chul Kim ◽  
Che-Bong Joung ◽  
Seung-Hoo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Control System ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Dimming Control

An Experimental Verification of a Conceptual Heat-Pipe Radiator

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
T. S. Ravigururajan ◽  
M. L. Goryca
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Heat Pipes ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Wide Range

The radiator and its vulnerability to damage is one of the main criteria in automotive design. This study employed heat pipes in simulated radiators to transfer waste heat to the surrounding environment. A small-scale heat-pipe radiator module was designed using a computer program. Experimental tests were performed on this module to validate the design methodology and to study the vulnerability characteristics. The tests were conducted for a wide range of operating parameters such as air velocity, coolant flow rates, and the number of heat pipes damaged. The study indicated that a heat-pipe radiator may provide the necessary “limp home” capability to a vehicle, even with 50 percent of the pipes damaged. Also, with the radiators operating at less than peak load (slower vehicle speed), the undamaged heat pipes substantially compensated for the damaged heat pipes, adding to the reliability of the system.

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