scholarly journals S-type Dissolved Oxygen Distribution along Water Depth in a Canyon-shaped and Algae Blooming Water Source Reservoir: Reasons and Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwei Huang ◽  
Chun Yang ◽  
Chengcheng Wen ◽  
Gang Wen
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Water Stratification ◽  
Sediment Bottom ◽  
And Control ◽  
Oxygen Minimum

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a crucial indicator of water quality. DO usually shows a monotonic decrease along water depth during thermal stratification in reservoir, whereas metalimnetic oxygen minimum (MOM) is observed in some cases. Although MOM phenomena have been reported in different areas, the characteristics of different reservoirs are greatly different, and few comprehensive studies have been published regarding MOM in Chinese drinking water source reservoirs. The DO distribution along water depth was determined and the detailed reasons were clarified by two-years of field monitoring. In addition the effect of water lifting aerators (WLAs) on DO improvement was investigated in the Lijiahe Reservoir in Northwest China. A typical S-type DO distribution with two anaerobic water layers, below the epilimnion (10–25 m water depth) and above the sediment (bottom water), was observed derived from the decomposition of dead algae or organic matter and the restriction of DO vertical exchange. Moreover, after WLAs’ operation since 10 June 2018, the water body was completely mixed and DO was rich and uniform along water depth by eliminating the water stratification and inhibiting algae growth. The deep understanding of the DO distribution in a deep canyon-shaped reservoir and the technical support for reservoir restoration are meaningful for optimizing reservoir management.

scholarly journals Environmental Problems and Countermeasures of Drinking Water Sources in Northwest China

2020 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Li Yan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
System Establishment ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
And Control ◽  
Source Management

Through sorting out the current situation of environmental protection of urban centralized drinking water sources in Northwest China, and systematically analyzing the main problems and deficiencies in the process of standardization of centralized drinking water sources. Corresponding countermeasures are proposed from the aspects of system establishment and water source construction, source protection area division, water quality improvement, environmental supervision, etc., which provide references for the next step of water source management, environmental remediation and risk prevention and control.

scholarly journals Implications for Emergency Response to the Severe Odor Incident Occurred in Source Water: Potential Odorants and Control Strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyuan Guo ◽  
Zhaoxia Li ◽  
Tianming Chen ◽  
Bairen Yang ◽  
Cheng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
And Control

Abstract Sudden odor incidents occurring in the source water have been a severe problem for water suppliers. In order to apply emergency control measures effectively, it is necessary to identify the target compounds responsible for odor incidents rapidly. The present work identified the odorants and explored emergency disposal mechanisms for sudden and severe odors in the QT River's drinking water source (HZ city, China). Medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors with strong intensities were detected in the source water. The effect of conventional treatments of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) on odors' removal was limited, which was evident by the presence of medicinal, chemical, and musty odors with moderate intensities in the effluent of DWTP. Total seventeen odorants were identified successfully in the source water of QT River and the effluent of DWTP. The measured OAVs and reconstituting the identified odorants explained 87%, 87%, 89%, and 94% of medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors, respectively, in the source water of the QT River and 90%, 87%, and 88% of medicinal, chemical, and musty odors in the effluent. Styrene, phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2-tert-butylphenol, and 2-methylphenol were associated with the medicinal odor, while propyl sulfide, diethyl disulfide, propyl disulfide, and indole were related to the septic odor. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) were responsible for the musty odor, and cyclohexanone, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and nitrobenzene were involved with the chemical odor. Based on the characteristics of identified odorants, powdered activated carbon (PAC) was applied to control the odors in the QT River. The results indicated that the medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors could be removed entirely after adding 15 mg/L PAC, which effectively controlled emergency odor problems. Overall, the study would offer a scientific basis and operational reference for emergency odor management and control in DWTP with similar complicated odor incidents.

Countermeasures of Non-Point Source Pollution Prevention and Control in Wohushan Waterhead Area

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1466-1469
Author(s):  
Li Hua Mao ◽  
Xue Mei Han
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution

Wohushan reservoir is an important drinking water source for south urban area of Jinan, however, the water quality of Wohushan reservoir is not safe, and agricultural non-point source pollution is the main reason that caused the water quality deteriorate. This paper analysed the sources of non-point source pollution through datum of population and agriculture production and other economic and social activities in Wohushan reservoir area. The water quality effect of domestic sewage, house refuse, live stock dung, and unreasonable use of fertilizer and pesticide were discussed as emphasis. Further more, the factors of the non-point source pollution were summarized according to policy, statute, economic, technology etc. At last, countermeasures of non-point source pollution prevention and control were proposed based on the source and pathway control of contaminates including perfect law system, strengthen policy guidance, increase funding, use fertilizer and pesticide reasonably, popularize biotechnology and methane tank, carry out efficient eco-agriculture construction, etc.

Global return flow ratio

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Dug Wells

Population using an improved drinking water source (piped water into dwellings, yards or plots; public taps or standpipes; boreholes or tubewells; protected dug wells; or protected springs and rainwater) that is located on premises and available when needed and which is free of faecal and priority chemical contamination. Basin Pollution Quality Waste

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal Variation in Nutrient Profiles and Exchange Fluxes at the Sediment-Water Interface in Yuqiao Reservoir, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen ◽  
Wu ◽  
Yang ◽  
Jiang ◽  
Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Total N ◽  
Yuqiao Reservoir ◽  
Nutrient Profiles ◽  
Main Component

Nutrients released from sediments have a significant influence on the water quality in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs. To clarify the internal nutrient load and provide reference for eutrophication control in Yuqiao Reservoir, a drinking water source reservoir in China, pore water profiles and sediment core incubation experiments were conducted. The nutrients in the water (soluble reactive P (SRP), nitrate-N (NO3−-N), nitrite-N (NO2−-N), and ammonium-N (NH4+-N)) and in the sediments (total N (TN), total P (TP) and total organic carbon (TOC)) were quantified. The results show that NH4+-N was the main component of inorganic N in the pore water. NH4+-N and SRP were higher in the pore water than in the overlying water, and the concentration gradient indicated a diffusion potential from the sediment to the overlying water. The NH4+-N, NO3−-N, and SRP fluxes showed significant differences amongst the seasons. The NH4+-N and SRP fluxes were significantly higher in the summer than in other seasons, while NO3−-N was higher in the autumn. The sediment generally acted as a source of NH4+-N and SRP and as a sink for NO3−-N and NO2−-N. The sediments release 1133.15 and 92.46 tons of N and P, respectively, to the overlying water each year.

scholarly journals Are children’s stools in Ghana disposed of safely? Evidence from the 2014 Ghana demographic and health survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Safe Disposal ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Northern Zone

Abstract Background Safe disposal of children’s faeces has always been one of the main challenges to good hygiene in Ghana. Although it has been proven that children’s faeces are more likely to spread diseases than adults’ faeces, people usually mistake them for harmlessness. This study, therefore, sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with safe disposal of children’s faeces in Ghana. Methods Data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey was used for the analysis. A sample size of 2228 mother-child pairs were used for the study. The outcome variable was disposal of children stools. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors with safe child stool disposal. Results The prevalence of safe child stool disposal in Ghana was 24.5%. Women in the middle [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.62; Confidence Interval (CI) = 3.00–7.10], Coastal Zone [AOR = 4.52; CI = 2.82–7.22], mothers whose children were aged 12–17 [AOR = 1.56; CI = 1.15–2.13] and 18–23 months [AOR = 1.75; CI = 1.29–2.39], and mothers whose household had improved type of toilet facility [AOR = 2.04; CI = 1.53–2.73] had higher odds of practicing safe children’s faeces disposal. However, women from households with access to improved source of drinking water [AOR = 0.62; CI = 0.45–2.7] had lower odds of practicing safe children’s faeces disposal. Conclusion Approximately only about 25 out of 100 women practice safe disposal of their children’s faeces in Ghana. The age of the child, ecological zone, the type of toilet facilities, and the type of drinking water source are associated with the disposal of child faeces. These findings have proven that only improved sanitation (i.e. drinking water and toilet facilities) are not enough for women to safely dispose of their children’s faeces. Therefore, in addition to provision of toilet facilities especially in the northern zone of Ghana, there is also the need to motivate and educate mothers on safe disposal of children’s stools especially those with children below 12 months. More so, mothers without access to improved toilet facility should also be educated on the appropriate ways to bury their children’s stools safely.

Divergent responses of diverse microalgae commonly found in drinking water source water to UV-C treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Roszell ◽  
Po-Shun Chan ◽  
Brian Petri ◽  
Ted Mao ◽  
Kathleen Nolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Uv C
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