scholarly journals Identifying Areas with Disproportionate Local Health Department Services Relative to Opioid Overdose, HIV and Hepatitis C Diagnosis Rates: A Study of Rural Illinois

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen McLuckie ◽  
Mai Pho ◽  
Kaitlin Ellis ◽  
Livia Navon ◽  
Kelly Walblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Rural Counties

Background: U.S. rural populations have been disproportionately affected by the syndemic of opioid-use disorder (OUD) and the associated increase in overdoses and risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Local health departments (LHDs) can play a critical role in the response to this syndemic. We utilized two geospatial approaches to identify areas of discordance between LHD service availability and disease burden to inform service prioritization in rural settings. Methods: We surveyed rural Illinois LHDs to assess their OUD-related services, and calculated county-level opioid overdose, HIV, and hepatitis C diagnosis rates. Bivariate choropleth maps were created to display LHD service provision relative to disease burden in rural Illinois counties. Results: Most rural LHDs provided limited OUD-related services, although many LHDs provided HIV and HCV testing. Bivariate mapping showed rural counties with limited OUD treatment and HIV services and with corresponding higher outcome/disease rates to be dispersed throughout Illinois. Additionally, rural counties with limited LHD-offered hepatitis C services and high hepatitis C diagnosis rates were geographically concentrated in southern Illinois. Conclusions: Bivariate mapping can enable geographic targeting of resources to address the opioid crisis and related infectious disease by identifying areas with low LHD services relative to high disease burden.

scholarly journals Local Health Department Response to Opioid Use and Abuse

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-598
Author(s):  
Kellie Hall ◽  
Kari OʼDonnell ◽  
Nathalie Robin
Keyword(s):  
Health Department ◽  
Local Health Department ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Opioid Use

scholarly journals INTEGRATING THE ROLES OF STAKEHOLDERS IN PREVENTING THE HIV/AIDS TRANSMISSION IN EAST JAVA, INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Toetik Koesbardiati ◽  
Sri Endah Kinasih ◽  
Siti Mas’udah
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS prevention is very important and absolutely necessary. HIV transmission is now entering a fairly alarming level, in which people with HIV/AIDS in certain subpopulations are emerging. Special steps and resources are thus needed to cope with the condition. There are some phenomena potentially encourage HIV transmissions, such as the increasingly common free sex, homosexuality, the use of unsafe and unsterile syringes in narcotics consumption, commercial sex workers and various high-risk sexual activities. One of the crucial concerns that arises when sending prostitutes back to their hometowns without any coordinated and holistic mechanism is that the prostitutes may cause the spreading of HIV/AIDS in their hometowns. The research objective is to provide the material (input) how the prostitutes themselves may cause the spreading of HIV/AIDS. The research employed descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the implementation and the role division in the closure have been highly coordinated and holistic. The leading sector in the role division is the Social Welfare epartment of the Government in Surabaya. In terms of health aspects for the former prostitutes sent back to their hometowns, there has been no policies related to medical screening designed to identify the disease early. Screening is very important for early diagnosis during the post-closure phase. The screening mechanism is that the Provincial Health Department has to optimize the monitoring, coordination, cooperation, agreements and partnerships with stakeholders such as the Local Health Department and the National/Provincial/Distric AIDS Commission, NGOs that are concerned with the problems of HIV-AIDS, international organizations, professional organizations, community leaders, religious leaders and universities.

scholarly journals Assessing the Relationships Between COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders and Opioid Overdoses in the State of Pennsylvania

2021 ◽  
pp. 002204262110063
Author(s):  
Brian King ◽  
Ruchi Patel ◽  
Andrea Rishworth
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Fentanyl Analogs ◽  
Measure Change ◽  
Using Data ◽  
At Home

COVID-19 is compounding opioid use disorder throughout the United States. While recent commentaries provide useful policy recommendations, few studies examine the intersection of COVID-19 policy responses and patterns of opioid overdose. We examine opioid overdoses prior to and following the Pennsylvania stay-at-home order implemented on April 1, 2020. Using data from the Pennsylvania Overdose Information Network, we measure change in monthly incidents of opioid-related overdose pre- versus post-April 1, and the significance of change by gender, age, race, drug class, and naloxone doses administered. Findings demonstrate statistically significant increases in overdose incidents among both men and women, White and Black groups, and several age groups, most notably the 30–39 and 40–49 ranges, following April 1. Significant increases were observed for overdoses involving heroin, fentanyl, fentanyl analogs or other synthetic opioids, pharmaceutical opioids, and carfentanil. The study emphasizes the need for opioid use to be addressed alongside efforts to mitigate and manage COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals 1042. The Attitude of Patients With HIV about Telehealth for Their HIV Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S550-S551
Author(s):  
Dima Dandachi ◽  
Bich Dang ◽  
Thomas Giordano Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Retention In Care ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Response Distribution ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Clinic Visits

Abstract Background The world is facing a pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 that disrupted our healthcare system and the way we deliver healthcare. For people with HIV (PWH), the ability to be retained in care plays a critical role in improving health outcomes and in preventing HIV transmission. Several definitions exist for retention in care, but they are centered around outpatient clinic visits. It is now more important than ever to understand PWH’s attitudes about using telemedicine for HIV care instead of face-to face clinic visits. Methods We administered a one-time survey to PWH presenting to an outpatient HIV center in Houston, Texas, from February–June 2018. The survey items were used to assess PWH’s attitudes towards and concerns for telehealth and explanatory variables. Results 371 participants completed the survey; median age was 51, 36% were female, and 63% African-American. Overall, 57% of respondents were more likely to use telehealth for their HIV care if available, as compared to one-on-one in-person care, and 37% would use telehealth frequently or always as an alternative to clinic visits. Participants reported many benefits including ability to fit better their schedule, decreasing travel time, and privacy but expressed concerns about the ability to effective communication and examination and the safety of personal information. Factors associated with likelihood of using telehealth include personal factors (US-born, men who have sex with men, higher educational attainment, higher HIV-related stigma perception), HIV-related factors (long standing HIV), and structural factors (having difficulty attending clinic visits, not knowing about or not having the necessary technology). There was no association between participants with uncontrolled HIV, medication adherence, and likelihood of using telehealth. Survey items and response distribution Conclusion Telehealth programs for PWH can improve retention in care. A modification of the definition for retention in care, incorporating telehealth, should be considered. Availability and confidence using various telehealth technologies need to be addressed to increase acceptability and usage of telehealth among PWH. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Predicting Opioid Overdose Readmission and Opioid Use Disorder with Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah McDougall ◽  
Priyanka Annapureddy ◽  
Praveen Madiraju ◽  
Nicole Fumo ◽  
Stephen Hargarten
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Opioid Use
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