scholarly journals Physical Activity as a Regulatory Variable between Adolescents’ Motivational Processes and Satisfaction with Life

Author(s):  
Mikel Vaquero Solís ◽  
Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel ◽  
Miguel Ángel Tapia Serrano ◽  
Juan J. Pulido ◽  
Damián Iglesias Gallego

Framed within Self-Determination Theory, the objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs, levels of motivation, physical activity, and satisfaction with life. Methods: A total of 487 students participated, comprising males (n = 262) and females (n = 225), aged between 14 and 16 years (M = 15.02; SD = 0.87), from different secondary schools. Results: A regression analysis was carried out (structural equation modeling) that revealed the existence of two theoretical lines, one positive and the other negative, where the satisfaction of basic psychological needs was positively related to autonomous motivation and physical activity, which predicted satisfaction with life. On the other hand, the frustration of basic psychological needs was positively related to controlled motivation, whereas controlled motivation (introjected regulation and extrinsic regulation) was inversely associated with physical activity and satisfaction with life. Conclusion: The results show the importance of motivational processes in physical activity, and the effects of physical activity on satisfaction with life in adolescents who spend more time engaged in physical activity.

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Bitrián ◽  
Isabel Buil ◽  
Sara Catalán

PurposeGamification is a tool with great potential to motivate individuals to increase their physical activity. That is why sport apps for mobile devices, such as Nike+ or Strava, have integrated game elements. There is, however, little evidence of gamification's effectiveness in this field. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to analyze the impact of game elements included in gamified sports' apps on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (i.e. competence, autonomy and relatedness). Similarly, the research analyzes the impact of these needs on autonomous motivation.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve these goals, data were collected from users of gamified sport apps, using an online questionnaire. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results showed that interaction in the app with achievement-related game elements satisfied the needs for competence, autonomy and relatedness; social-related elements satisfied the need for relatedness; and immersion-related elements satisfied the needs for competence and autonomy. Similarly, satisfaction of the needs for autonomy and relatedness while using the app is crucial to experience autonomous motivation.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study provide guidelines for practitioners and app developers.Originality/valueBased on self-determination theory, the paper provides new insights into the relationship between game elements included in sport apps and individuals' basic psychological needs and motivation.


2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Sylvester ◽  
Martyn Standage ◽  
Tavinder K. Ark ◽  
Shane N. Sweet ◽  
Peter R.E. Crocker ◽  
...  

In this study, we examined whether perceived variety in exercise prospectively predicts unique variance in exercise behavior when examined alongside satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs (for competence, relatedness, and autonomy) embedded within self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2002), through the mediating role of autonomous and controlled motivation. A convenience sample of community adults (N = 363) completed online questionnaires twice over a 6-week period. The results of structural equation modeling showed perceived variety and satisfaction of the needs for competence and relatedness to be unique indirect positive predictors of exercise behavior (through autonomous motivation) 6 weeks later. In addition, satisfaction of the need for autonomy was found to negatively predict controlled motivation. Perceived variety in exercise complemented satisfaction of the needs for competence, relatedness, and autonomy in predicting motivation and (indirectly) exercise behavior, and may act as a salient mechanism in the prediction of autonomous motivation and behavior in exercise settings.


2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Kimiecik ◽  
Rose Marie Ward ◽  
Elizabeth Sohns

College students typically fall short of public health guidelines for healthy diet and physical ac-tivity, and a significant percentage engage in binge drinking and marijuana use. The main objective ofthis study was to examine the association between overall well-being and these health and risk behaviors.Students (n=363) completed online questionnaires measuring well-being (basic psychological needs, eu-daimonic well-being, subjective vitality, and intrinsic and extrinsic life aspirations), diet, physical activity,and substance use.Within a structural equation modeling framework, the model fit the data, x2(n=334,241)=504.65, p<.001, CFI=.96, TLI=.95, RMSEA=.057, CI90 [.05-.06]. Basic psychological needswas significantly related to intrinsic life aspirations (β=.50), extrinsic life aspirations (β=.42), subjectivevitality (β=.53), alcohol use (β=.21), diet (β=.36), and physical activity (β=.20). To a lesser extent,eudaimoniawas associated with allpreviously mentioned variablesbesides alcohol use.These results suggestthat interventions targeting college students may need to consider the motivational influence of generalwell-being underlying health and risk behaviors.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6360
Author(s):  
María Del Pilar Vílchez Conesa ◽  
Francisco Parra Plaza ◽  
Constantino Arce ◽  
Cristina De Francisco

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among basic psychological needs and burnout in a sample of athletes (N = 639). It was hypothesized that psychological needs satisfaction was negatively associated with burnout syndrome and the frustration of these needs related positively. Burnout was measured with the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), satisfaction of basic psychological needs with the Basic Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale (BNSSS), and frustration with the Psychological Needs Thwarting Scale (PNTS). Data analysis was conducted under the approach of structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that satisfaction of basic psychological needs had a negative direct effect on burnout of −0.67 (p < 0.001) while the frustration of these needs had a direct effect of 0.18 (p < 0.001). In addition, the total model explained 59% of the total variance of burnout. All individual parameters of the model were statistically significant and the overall fit of the model was satisfactory. It can be concluded that satisfying the basic psychological needs of the athletes can protect them against burnout.


2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1376-1391
Author(s):  
Sílvia Lopes ◽  
Maria José Chambel ◽  
Francisco Cesário

Purpose This research focused on agency work. Previous studies highlighted the importance of motivations to understand workers’ attitudes, behaviors and well-being. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the contribution of perceptions of support from organizations to autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment, the relationship of motivations with workers’ well-being and the mediating role of motivations between perceptions of organizational support (POS) and workers’ well-being. Design/methodology/approach The hypotheses were tested with a sample of 3,983 temporary agency workers and using structural equation modeling. Findings The authors verified that POS from the agency contributed to both autonomous motivation and controlled motivation for temporary agency employment, whereas POS from the client company only contributed to autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment. Moreover, autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment was positively associated with workers’ well-being. Contrary to expectations, controlled motivation for temporary agency employment was not significantly associated with workers’ well-being. As predicted, autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment was a mediator in the relationship between POS and workers’ well-being. Research limitations/implications The study relies on self-reported data, and it does not have a longitudinal design. Practical implications An important implication of this research study is that organizations, through the support provided to the workers, may contribute positively to increase workers’ autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment, and, in turn, more autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment relates to higher levels of workers’ well-being. Originality/value The study innovates by including in the same model variables that may contribute to workers’ motivation for temporary agency employment as well as the outcomes that may arise from workers’ motivation for temporary agency employment.


2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Hodge ◽  
Chris Lonsdale ◽  
Susan A. Jackson

In this exploratory study, we examined hypothesized antecedents (basic psychological needs) and consequences (dispositional flow) of athlete engagement (AE); plus the extent to which AE mediated the relationship between basic needs and flow. Structural equation modeling with a sample of 201 elite Canadian athletes (60.20% female, mean age = 22.92 years) showed that needs satisfaction (particularly competence & autonomy) predicted athlete engagement (30% explained variance); and needs satisfaction and athlete engagement predicted dispositional flow (68% explained variance). AE partially mediated the relationship between needs satisfaction and flow. Practical suggestions are offered for needs-supportive coaching programs designed to increase both AE and flow.


2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110168
Author(s):  
Filipe Rodrigues ◽  
Luis Cid ◽  
Diogo Teixeira ◽  
Diogo Monteiro

This research explored the nature of basic psychological needs in physical activity settings by applying relatively advanced methodological procedures for psychometric assessment. We first re-examined the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) by reviewing its applicability for physical activity domains among Portuguese respondents. We demonstrated the use of Bifactor Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) and discussed the practical implications of these models. Next, we tested contextual measurement invariance in order to examine needs universality. Our participants were gym exercisers (n = 1935), physical education students (n = 1449), and athletes (n = 1631), all of whom completed the adapted and validated version of the scale in their respective practice physical activity domains. All models under analysis displayed acceptable to excellent fit; the bifactor ESEM model displayed the best fit. We conducted ancillary bifactor measures to assess scale dimensionality and found that the BPNES is best interpreted as a multidimensional instrument. Through testing for multigroup analysis, the bifactor ESEM did not show contextual invariance. In conclusion, the BPNES should be predominantly used as a multidimensional instrument when assessing basic needs in separate physical activity domains. Basic psychological needs are perceived differently between seemingly similar physical activity contexts. Researchers should measure basic needs as a global factor and use context validated sub-scales.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Marco Batista ◽  
Jorge Santos ◽  
Samuel Honório ◽  
Helena Mesquita ◽  
João Serrano ◽  
...  

La práctica deportiva por deportistas veteranos es una realidad evidente y con perspectivas de expansión. El objetivo fue determinar variables predictivas de bienestar subjetivo en deportistas veteranos, teniendo en cuenta la teoría de la autodeterminación. Se elaboró un modelo de ecuación estructural y un modelo de mediación. Participaron 840 deportistas veteranos portugueses, de entre 30 y 76 años (M = 42.54 DT = 7.28). Se utilizó la Escala de Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas en el Ejercicio (Moutão, Cid, Alves, Leitão y Vlachopoulos, 2012), el Cuestionario de Regulación Conductual en el Deporte (Monteiro, Moutão y Cid, 2018), la Escala de Afectos Positivos y Negativos (Galinha y Pais -Ribeiro, 2005) y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (Neto, 1993). El modelo mostró los siguientes índices de ajuste: χ2 = 674,554, p <.001, χ2 / fd = 4.08, CFI = .94; IFI = .94; TLI = .92; GFI = 0,92; RMSEA = .062; SRMR = .061. En los deportistas veteranos, la percepción de satisfacción de la necesidad psicológica básica de autonomía conduce a conductas de motivación autónoma, promoviendo estas, mayores niveles de bienestar subjetivo. La motivación autónoma resultó ser una variable mediadora significativa entre la necesidad psicológica básica de autonomía y la producción de afectos positivos. También hubo efectos indirectos de la variable mediadora sobre las variables de satisfacción con la vida y afectos negativos, así como efectos directos y totales de la variable independiente y las variables de consecuencia bajo análisis. The practice of sports by veteran athletes is an evident reality and with prospects for expansion. The objective was to determine predictive variables of subjective well-being in veteran athletes, taking into account the theory of self-determination. A structural equation model and a mediation model were developed. In this study participated 840 Portuguese veteran athletes, between the ages of 30 and 76 (M = 42.54 DT = 7.28). The Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (Moutão, Cid, Alves, Leitão e Vlachopoulos, 2012), the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (Monteiro, Moutão e Cid, 2018), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Galinha e Pais-Ribeiro, 2005) and the Life Satisfaction Scale (Neto, 1993) were used. The model showed the following adjustment indices: χ2 = 674,554, p <.001, χ2 / fd = 4.08, CFI = .94; IFI = .94; TLI = .92; GFI = .92; RMSEA = .062; SRMR = .061. In the veteran athletes, the perception of satisfaction of the basic psychological need for autonomy leads to autonomously motivated behaviors, promoting these, higher levels of subjective well-being. Autonomous motivation proved to be a significant mediating variable between the basic psychological need for autonomy and the production of positive affects. There were also indirect effects of the mediating variable on the variables of satisfaction with life and negative affects, as well as direct and total effects of the independent variable and the consequence variables under analysis. A prática desportiva por atletas veteranos é uma realidade evidente e com perspetivas de expansão. Objetivou-se determinar variáveis preditivas de bem-estar subjetivo em atletas veteranos, atendendo à teoria da autodeterminação. Elaborou-se um modelo de equação estrutural e um modelo de mediação. Participaram 840 atletas veteranos portugueses, entre os 30 e os 76 anos (M=42.54 DT=7.28). Utilizou-se o Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (Moutão, Cid, Alves, Leitão e Vlachopoulos, 2012), o Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (Monteiro, Moutão e Cid, 2018), a Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos (Galinha e Pais-Ribeiro, 2005) e a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (Neto, 1993). O modelo mostrou os seguintes índices de ajuste: χ2 = 674.554, p < .001, χ2/fd = 4.08, CFI = .94; IFI = .94; TLI = .92; GFI = .92; RMSEA = .062; SRMR = .061. Nos aletas veteranos, a perceção de satisfação da necessidade psicológica básica de autonomia leva a comportamentos motivados autonomamente, promovendo estes, níveis mais elevados de bem-estar subjetivo. A motivação autónoma revelou-se uma variável mediadora significativa entre a necessidade psicológica básica de autonomia e a produção de afetos positivos. Registaram-se ainda efeitos indiretos da variável mediadora sobre as variáveis de satisfação com a vida e afetos negativos, assim como, efeitos diretos e totais da variável independente e as variáveis de consequência em análise.


Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Alexandre Silva Batista ◽  
Jorge Santos ◽  
Samuel Honório ◽  
João Rocha ◽  
João Serrano ◽  
...  

Abstract. The practice of sports by veteran athletes is a reality with an expansion perspective. The objective was to determine predictive variables of healthy lifestyles and satisfaction with life in veteran athletes, according to the Self-determination Theory (SDT). A structural equation model and a mediation model has developed. The number of participants were 680 Portuguese veteran athletes, aged between 30 and 90 years old (M=43.78 DT=8.61). The Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale, the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire, the Healthy Lifestyles Questionnaire and the Life Satisfaction Scale were used. This model has shown the following adjustments indices: χ2 = 729.116, p < .001, χ2/df = 4.41, CFI = .92; IFI = .92; TLI = .91; GFI = .91; RMSEA = .068; SRMR = .064. As a conclusion, in veteran athletes, the perception of satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, leads to autonomously motivated behaviours, promoting better eating and resting habits, as well as high satisfaction with life, and a lower consumption of tobacco. Autonomous motivation has not proved to be a significant mediating variable between the basic psychological need for autonomy, lifestyles and satisfaction with life. Resumen. La práctica de deportes por deportistas veteranos es una realidad evidente y con perspectivas de expansión. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las variables predictivas para estilos de vida saludables y satisfacción con la vida en deportistas veteranos, desde la Teoría de la Autodeterminación. Se desarolló un modelo de ecuación estructural y un modelo de mediación. Participaron 680 deportistas veteranos portugueses, entre los 30 y 90 años (M=43.78 DT=8.61). Se utilizó la Escala de Necesidades Psicologicas Básicas, el Cuestionario de Regulación Comportamental en el Deporte, el Cuestionário de Estilos de Vida Saludables y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida. El modelo demostró los siguientes índices: χ2 = 729.116, p < .001, χ2/df = 4.41, CFI = .92; IFI = .92; TLI = .91; GFI = .91; RMSEA = .068; SRMR = .064. Como conclusiones, em los deportistas veteranos, la percepción de satisfacción de la necesidad psicológica básica de autonomía conduce a comportamientos motivados de manera autónoma, promoviendo estos, mejores hábitos de alimentación y descanso, alta satisfacción con la vida y menos consumo de tabaco. La motivación autónoma no demostró ser una variable mediadora significativa entre la necesidad psicológica básica de autonomía y estilos de vida y satisfacción con la vida.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (46) ◽  

This study aimed to test a predictive model for behavioral engagement in physical education (PE) in the light of self-determination postulates (basic psychological needs  intrinsic motivation  behavioral engagement) as well as to analyze the invariance of this model according to physical activity (PA) levels. A sample of 468 12-16 physical education (PE) students completed different validated instruments. The hypothesized sequence was tested through a structural equation model. Fitting indices revealed that the model was suitable to predict engagement (χ2 [112] = 310.65, p < .001, χ2 /df = 2.77, CFI = .94, TLI =.92, RMSEA = .06, SRMR = .06). All the hypothesized relationships were significant except for the association between relatedness and intrinsic motivation (p>.05). Findings from the invariance analyses indicated that competence became more important among adolescents showing higher levels in autonomous motivation and PA while autonomy became more relevant among students showing lower levels in autonomous motivation and PA. Results thus suggest that strategies used to facilitate engagement in PE classes should be adapted to students according to the PA they usually perform.


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