scholarly journals Analysis of Toxic Metals in Liquid from Electronic Cigarettes

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naudia Gray ◽  
Mary Halstead ◽  
Nathalie Gonzalez-Jimenez ◽  
Liza Valentin-Blasini ◽  
Clifford Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
The Impact

As the technology of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including e-cigarettes, evolves, assessing metal concentrations in liquids among brands over time becomes challenging. A method for quantification of chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, tin, and lead in ENDS liquids using triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was developed. The method’s limits of detection (LODs) were 0.031, 0.032, 3.15, 1.27, 0.108, 0.099, 0.066 µg/g for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, and Pb respectively. Liquids analyzed were from different brands and flavors of refill bottles or single-use, rechargeable, and pod devices from different years. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy further evaluated the device components’ compositions. Refill liquids before contacting a device were below lowest reportable levels (LRL) for all metals. Copper and zinc were elevated in liquids from devices containing brass. Cadmium was <LRL in all liquids and was not observed in device components. Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, and Pb, reported in µg/g, ranged from <LRL to 0.396, 4.04, 903, 454, 0.898, and 13.5 respectively. Elevated metal concentrations in the liquid were also elevated in aerosol from the corresponding device. The data demonstrates the impact of device design and materials on toxic metals in ENDS liquid.

scholarly journals Analysis of Toxic Metals in Electronic Cigarette Aerosols Using a Novel Trap Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Halstead ◽  
Naudia Gray ◽  
Nathalie Gonzalez-Jimenez ◽  
Mark Fresquez ◽  
Liza Valentin-Blasini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Aerosol Generation ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Mainstream Cigarette Smoke

Abstract Since 2006 the domestic popularity and sales of electronic cigarettes (i.e., electronic nicotine delivery systems or ENDS) have grown rapidly. Although the constituents of the aerosol produced by ENDS have been previously investigated, differences in puff regimens and aerosol trapping schema in published literature often complicate result comparisons and data interpretation. As the ENDS product designs continue to evolve, there is a critical need to develop and validate robust methodologies for laboratory testing, appropriate aerosol generation and trapping media required for accurate determinations of ENDS aerosol metals deliveries. A simple, high metals purity, fluoropolymer trap was developed and validated that meets standard machine puffing regimen (CORESTA Recommended Method 81) specifications and exhibits negligible acid extractable metal backgrounds. Using a standard machine puffing regimen in combination with a fluoropolymer condensation trap, aerosol was generated and collected from select ENDS devices for analysis of chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, tin, and lead with triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Devices tested spanned a range of commercial products, including flavored variants of JUUL pods, refillable tank systems, rechargeable cartridges, and single-use ENDs devices. Results showed that for aerosols generated under a fixed puffing regimen (50 puffs/collection), metal concentrations ranged from below the detection limits (LOD) to 614 ng copper and 339 ng zinc per 10 puffs. Cadmium concentrations were below LOD for all devices tested. Device specific aerosol levels of Sn and Pb ranged from below LOD to low nanogram levels. Cr and Ni were transported in aerosols at levels equivalent to, or slightly higher than in mainstream cigarette smoke using a standard smoking regimen. The generally lower levels of specific metals, Cd and Pb, transmitted in ENDS aerosols compared to mainstream cigarette smoke reflect possible reduction of harm for smokers who substitute the use of ENDS as cessation devices in place of smoking cigarettes.

scholarly journals Methodical assurance of the assessment of toxic and essential elements in human biological matrices

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Gileva ◽  
T. S. Ulanova ◽  
G. A. Viekhman ◽  
A. V. Nedoshitova ◽  
E. V. Stenno
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biological Matrices ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Monitoring Group ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
The Impact

There is considered the complex of methodical modalities for the determination of elements (vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, selenium, strontium, thallium, lead, cadmium, arsenic) in the biological matrices of population for the practical use in the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring and biomonitoring in areas with the high anthropogenic load. Guidelines developed on the basis of mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) confirmed as Methodological Instructions on Control (In Russian:MUK 4.1.3230-14) allowed to implement a hygienic estimation of the pollution of biological matrices of the adult population residing in the territory exposed to the impact of emission from ferrovanadium enterprises (city of Chusovoy, the Perm region). According to results of the study in the monitoring group in the blood there was established a significant excess of the content vanadium, manganese, nickel, strontium, cadmium and reduced selenium content, in urine - an excess of vanadium and chromium, relatively to the control group.

scholarly journals Analysis of trace elements released from glass ionomer restorative materials by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Ozmen ◽  
Emre Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Copper Zinc

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to determine the amount of trace elements released from a traditional glass ionomer, a bulk-fill glass ionomer, a resin-modified glass ionomer, a glass carbomer fill and a compomer material stored in ultra-distilled water. Methods Ten cylindrical (10×2mm) specimens were prepared from each material. Each sample was stored in 50mL ultra-distilled water at 37°C for fourteen days, and rinsed twice daily. The amount of elements in the solutions was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results Aluminum, boron, nickel, copper, zinc, barium and lead were detected in all solutions. The traditional glass ionomer and resin-modified glass ionomer released arsenic, the bulk-fill glass ionomer and compomer released selenium, and the resin-modified glass ionomer and compomer released antimony. Only the resin-modified glass ionomer released iron. Conclusion All materials tested released some trace elements, but the rates were quite low. Therefore, these glass ionomer materials can be used safely in dentistry.

scholarly journals Toxic Metals in Liquid and Aerosol from Pod-Type Electronic Cigarettes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naudia Gray ◽  
Mary Halstead ◽  
Liza Valentin-Blasini ◽  
Clifford Watson ◽  
R Steven Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
High Background ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Aerosol Emissions ◽  
Metal Delivery

Abstract High-quality, accurate data on liquid contents and aerosol emissions from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS, e.g., e-cigarettes) are crucial to address potential health concerns as these devices evolve and mature. Metals are an important class of ENDS constituents that merit attention as they have various health implications. Proper sampling, handling and aerosol trapping materials are essential to generate accurate quantitative metal data and to reduce the likelihood of inaccurate results originating from inappropriate collection vessels and materials that contribute to high background levels. Published methods that meet these criteria were applied to the analyses of chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, tin and lead in liquid and aerosol from mint/menthol and tobacco flavors of currently popular pod-based devices from three manufacturers. Metal concentrations from pods that had not been used for generating aerosol ranged from below our lowest reportable level to 0.164 µg/g for Cr, 61.3 µg/g for Ni, 927 µg/g for Cu, 14.9 µg/g for Zn, 58.2 µg/g for Sn and 2.56 µg/g for Pb. Cadmium was included in our analyte panel and was not present above detection limits in liquid or aerosol. Aerosol metal concentrations (using a 55-mL puff) ranged from below our lowest reportable level to 29.9 ng/10 puffs for Cr, 373 ng/10 puffs for Ni, 209 ng/10 puffs for Cu, 4,580 ng/10 puffs for Zn, 127 ng/10 puffs for Sn and 463 ng/10 puffs for Pb. Our results showed some metal delivery from all the products examined and highly variable metal levels between manufacturer, brand and package.

Citizen science campaign reveals widespread fallout of contaminated dust from mining activities in the central Peruvian Andes

Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 678-682
Author(s):  
James B. Molloy ◽  
Donald T. Rodbell ◽  
David P. Gillikin ◽  
Kurt T. Hollocher
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cerro De Pasco ◽  
Local Concern

Abstract Inadequate management of mine tailings at Cerro de Pasco, one of Peru’s largest mining complexes, has resulted in elevated concentrations of Pb, As, Cu, Zn, and Ag in surface soil horizons across the Junín Plain, central Peru. During June 2016, in response to local concern over mine contamination, teams of local citizens armed with sample bags, plastic trowels, and GPS receivers acquired 385 surface soil samples and 9 plant samples from agricultural lands from an area ∼1000 km2 on the Junín Plain. Metal concentrations were determined by acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, and results revealed elevated levels of Pb, As, Cu, Zn, and Ag in all samples within a 10 km radius of the center of mining activities, and measurable contamination at least 30 km to the south-southwest, in the direction of prevailing winds. Dust traps emplaced for a 12 month period confirmed that contamination is ongoing. High metal concentrations in grasses growing on contaminated soils revealed that a portion of the total metal contamination is removed from the soil and held in grass tissue, where it can be ingested by graminivores, especially llama, alpaca, and sheep, thereby entering the human food supply.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document