scholarly journals Cause Analysis of Unsafe Behaviors in Hazardous Chemical Accidents: Combined with HFACs and Bayesian Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Li ◽  
Tiezhong Liu ◽  
Yongkui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Hazardous Material ◽  
Chemical Accidents ◽  
Legal Supervision ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
Unsafe Behaviors

Hazardous chemical accidents (HCAs) seriously endanger public life, property, and health. Human and organizational factors are important causes of many kinds of accidents. In order to systematically explore the influencing factors of unsafe behaviors in HCAs in China, the method of human factors analysis and classification system based on the Bayesian network (BN-HFACs) was introduced. According to the 39 investigation reports of HCAs in China, the origin Bayesian network (BN) was obtained and the failure sensitivity of every node in BN was calculated. The results have shown that hazardous material environment (1.63) and mechanical equipment (0.49) in the level of preconditions of unsafe behavior have the same direction failure effect with operation error, while there is no factor has the same direction failure effect with operation violate. Some factors in organization influence and unsafe supervision, such as organization climate (0.34), operation guidance (0.37), planned operation (0.22), and legal supervision (0.19), are also important reasons for operational errors, while resource management (0.12), hidden investigation (0.18) and legal supervision (0.13) have an impact on operation violates. Moreover, there are still close relationships between other hierarchical elements, such as the operation guidance effect on the hazardous material environment (6.60), and the organizational climate has the most obvious impact on other factors at the level of organizational factors. Based on the above research conclusions, suggestions for individual, enterprise, and government were put forward, respectively, and the limitations of this study were also clarified.

scholarly journals A multi-objective evaluation method based on connection numbers theory of hazardous chemical accidents emergency medical rescue capability

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Yapeng Wang ◽  
Jinguo Zhang ◽  
Yundou Wang ◽  
Xiaowen Xiong ◽  
Xin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Index System ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Evaluation Index ◽  
Chemical Accidents ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Partial Connection

Background: An objective, comprehensive and scientific evaluation of emergency medical rescue capability (EMRC) is of great realistic significance in assisting the health administrative department to grasp the overall response capability of all emergency medical rescue teams, enabling each team to have a full understanding of its own strengths and weakness and improve itself accordingly. At present, the research on the evaluation of EMRC in Hazardous Chemicals Accidents (HCA) is not systematic and in-depth, and the existing research results also have some shortcomings, such as, the lack of strong theoretical support for the evaluation index system, the relatively single function of evaluation methods, and so on. Objectives: The objective of this article is to research the evaluation index system and a new evaluation method of EMRC in HCA to overcome the above shortcomings. Methods: It establishes an emergency medical rescue capability model by employing the competency model and then constructs the evaluation index system on the basis of the analysis of all the factors of emergency medical rescue capability in hazardous chemical accidents and sets up an evaluation model based on the theory of connection numbers and partial connection numbers. It determines the competence ranking of several emergency medical rescue teams and the competence state of an individual emergency medical rescue team by calculating the connection principal value, and it also predicts how the emergency medical rescue capability will develop based on the values of partial connection numbers. Results: The example shows that the calculation process of this model is relatively simple, and its assessment results are objective and authentic, and moreover, its multi-functions can make up for the deficiency of the simplified function of other evaluation models. Conclusion: This method is scientific and rational to some extent and can provide reference for evaluation problems of the same kind.

scholarly journals Acute Chemical Incidents With Injured First Responders, 2002-2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Melnikova ◽  
Jennifer Wu ◽  
Alice Yang ◽  
Maureen Orr
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Hazardous Material ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Chemical Incidents ◽  
Awareness Level

AbstractIntroductionFirst responders, including firefighters, police officers, emergency medical services, and company emergency response team members, have dangerous jobs that can bring them in contact with hazardous chemicals among other dangers. Limited information is available on responder injuries that occur during hazardous chemical incidents.MethodsWe analyzed 2002-2012 data on acute chemical incidents with injured responders from 2 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry chemical incident surveillance programs. To learn more about such injuries, we performed descriptive analysis and looked for trends.ResultsThe percentage of responders among all injured people in chemical incidents has not changed over the years. Firefighters were the most frequently injured group of responders, followed by police officers. Respiratory system problems were the most often reported injury, and the respiratory irritants, ammonia, methamphetamine-related chemicals, and carbon monoxide were the chemicals more often associated with injuries. Most of the incidents with responder injuries were caused by human error or equipment failure. Firefighters wore personal protective equipment (PPE) most frequently and police officers did so rarely. Police officers’ injuries were mostly associated with exposure to ammonia and methamphetamine-related chemicals. Most responders did not receive basic awareness-level hazardous material training.ConclusionAll responders should have at least basic awareness-level hazardous material training to recognize and avoid exposure. Research on improving firefighter PPE should continue. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:211–221)

Free Software Implementation Experiences for the Promotion of the Liquid Society

2012 ◽  
pp. 176-187
Author(s):  
C. De Pablos Heredero ◽  
D. López Berzosa
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Software Implementation ◽  
Organizational Complexity ◽  
Information And Communication

Information and communication technologies have changed the way in which citizens interact with Public Administrations. Digital literacy is key for the development of the Liquid Society, and Public Administrations must take the lead in promoting more efficient, universal, and user oriented public services. The migration to open source standards allows Public Administration to offer more democratic, universal, and efficient channels for establishing relationships with citizens. In this article, the authors present international experiences that show how certain Public Administrations have migrated to open source software to promote digital literacy in the contexts they are operating. The final results depend on contextual and organizational factors, including the need to change, the political support and the existence of available technological resources, the organizational climate, motivation levels of human resources, and the kind of leadership for the project or the organizational complexity. Change efforts have strategic and organizational impacts that the organization must evaluate beforehand.

Free Software Implementation Experiences for the Promotion of the Liquid Society

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
C. De Pablos Heredero ◽  
D. López Berzosa
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Organizational Complexity ◽  
Information And Communication

Information and communication technologies have changed the way in which citizens interact with Public Administrations. Digital literacy is key for the development of the Liquid Society, and Public Administrations must take the lead in promoting more efficient, universal, and user oriented public services. The migration to open source standards allows Public Administration to offer more democratic, universal, and efficient channels for establishing relationships with citizens. In this article, the authors present international experiences that show how certain Public Administrations have migrated to open source software to promote digital literacy in the contexts they are operating. The final results depend on contextual and organizational factors, including the need to change, the political support and the existence of available technological resources, the organizational climate, motivation levels of human resources, and the kind of leadership for the project or the organizational complexity. Change efforts have strategic and organizational impacts that the organization must evaluate beforehand.

scholarly journals Understanding the Sociocognitive Process of Construction Workers’ Unsafe Behaviors: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Ye ◽  
Hongzhe Yue ◽  
Jingjing Yang ◽  
Hongyang Li ◽  
Qingting Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Cognitive Failure ◽  
Unsafe Behavior ◽  
Unsafe Behaviors ◽  
Social Organizational

Previous literature has recognized that workers’ unsafe behavior is the combined result of both isolated individual cognitive processes and their interaction with others. Based on the consideration of both individual cognitive factors and social organizational factors, this paper aims to develop an Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) approach to explore construction workers’ sociocognitive processes under the interaction with managers, coworkers, and foremen. The developed model is applied to explore the causes of cognitive failure of construction workers and the influence of social groups and social organizational factors on the workers’ unsafe behavior. The results indicate that (1) workers’ unsafe behaviors are gradually reduced with the interaction with managers, foremen, and workers; (2) the foreman is most influential in reducing workers’ unsafe behaviors, and their demonstration role can hardly be ignored; (3) the failure of sociocognitive process of construction workers is affected by many factors, and cognitive process errors could be corrected under social norms; and (4) among various social organizational factors, social identity has the most obvious effect on reducing workers’ unsafe behaviors, and preventive measures are more effective than reactive measures in reducing workers’ unsafe behaviors.

scholarly journals Does team cohesion always positively influence team innovation? A chain mediation model

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Kun Shi ◽  
Haoxiang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Team Cohesion ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Team Innovation ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Intermediary Role ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Innovation Behavior

This study explores the chain-mediating mechanism between organizational climate and team job crafting on team cohesion and team innovation behavior, based on the input-mediator-outcome-input (IMOI) theory .Using 229 valid samples, the result shows that team cohesion, organizational climate and team job crafting can significantly positively predict team innovation behavior; team job crafting plays an intermediary role between team cohesion and team innovation behavior; organizational climate and team job crafting play a chain mediating role between team cohesion and team innovation behavior. When other factors are taken into account, team cohesion is not always a positive factor in team innovation behavior This research attempted to combine the organizational factors with the mediating mechanism of team job crafting on team innovation behavior, and provide theoretical and practical guidance for the organizations on team innovation.

scholarly journals Management of Constipation in Long-term Care Hospitals and its Ward Manager and Organization Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manami Takaoka ◽  
Ayumi Igarashi ◽  
Asako Futami ◽  
Noriko Yamamoto-Mitani
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Staff Nurses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Bowel Movement Frequency ◽  
Hospital Study

Abstract Background Studies examining organizational factors that may influence constipation management in long-term care (LTC) hospitals are lacking. This study aimed to clarify the practice of constipation management in LTC hospitals and to explore its factors, including ward manager’s perception, organizational climate, and constipation assessment.Methods In this cross-sectional questionnaire survey of ward managers and staff nurses working in LTC wards, we determined daily assessment and practices regarding constipation management. We also conducted multivariate analyses to examine factors related to constipation management.Results There was a 20% response rate to the questionnaire. Nearly all LTC wards routinely assessed bowel movement frequency; other assessments were infrequent. Laxatives were used, but the use of dietary fiber and probiotic products was implemented in only 20%–30% of wards. The implementation of non-pharmacological management and adequate use of stimulant laxatives were positively associated with the ward manager’s belief and knowledge, organizational climate, the existence of nursing records for constipation assessment, planned nursing care for constipation, and organized conferences and in-hospital study sessions on constipation management.Conclusion Areas to improve constipation management in LTC hospitals include altering the ward manager’s perception, improving hospital’s organizational climate, and introducing standardized assessment/care planning systems.

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