scholarly journals Relationships between Parenting Skills and Early Childhood Development in Rural Households in Western China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingdong Zhong ◽  
Yang He ◽  
Yuting Chen ◽  
Renfu Luo
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Development ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Western China ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Parenting Skills ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

This paper empirically investigates the relationships between caregivers’ parenting skills and early cognitive, language, motor, and social-emotional development of children aged 6–24 months. The study is based on data from a survey conducted in 100 villages in a typical poor rural area in western China. A total of 1715 households were enrolled in the study. In the study, Parent and Family Adjustment Scales (PAFAS), Bayley Scales of Infant Development version III (BSID-III), and a socioeconomic questionnaire were used to measure caregiver’s parenting skills, child’s development outcomes, and socioeconomic characteristics in sample households, respectively. Multivariate regression was used to estimate the relationship between a caregiver’s parenting skills and the child’s development outcomes. The results show that, first, parenting skills are positively and significantly associated with children’s cognitive, language, motor, and social-emotional development, and the link between parenting skills and social-emotional development is the strongest; second, the correlation between parenting skills and development outcomes varies across socioeconomic characteristics and parenting skill dimensions. The results provide evidence for the relationship between parenting skills and early childhood development in rural households in western China. Our findings also suggest that interventions aimed at improving caregivers’ parenting skills during the early stages are necessary for human capital development in rural China.

scholarly journals Parenting Knowledge, Parental Investments, and Early Childhood Development in Rural Households in Western China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingdong Zhong ◽  
Yang He ◽  
Jingjing Gao ◽  
Tianyi Wang ◽  
Renfu Luo
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Western China ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Parental Investments ◽  
Parenting Knowledge ◽  
Development Outcomes

This paper investigates the relationships between caregivers’ parenting knowledge and early childhood development, based on a survey conducted in 1715 rural households in 100 villages located in an undeveloped rural area of western China. The results find that, first, caregivers’ parenting knowledge is positively and significantly associated with children’s development outcomes, including cognitive, language, motor, and social–emotional development; second, caregivers’ parental investments significantly mediate the link between parenting knowledge and early childhood development; third, in contrast with other parental investments, play materials (in terms of variety and quantity) and play activities in the households are the strongest mediators. Our findings might be informative for policy makers to design policies targeted to foster human capital formation in rural China.

scholarly journals Housing environment and early childhood development in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-sectional analysis

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. e1003578
Author(s):  
Yaqing Gao ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Ashish Kc ◽  
Yinping Wang ◽  
Siyu Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background The influence of the safety and security of environments on early childhood development (ECD) has been under-explored. Although housing might be linked to ECD by affecting a child’s health and a parent’s ability to provide adequate care, only a few studies have examined this factor. We hypothesized that housing environment is associated with ECD in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods and findings From 92,433 children aged 36 to 59 months who participated in Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) in 20 SSA countries, 88,271 were tested for cognitive and social–emotional development using the Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) questionnaire and were thus included in this cross-sectional analysis. Children’s mean age was 47.2 months, and 49.8% were girls. Children were considered developmentally on track in a certain domain if they failed no more than 1 ECDI item in that domain. In each country, we used conditional logistic regression models to estimate the association between improved housing (housing with finished building materials, improved drinking water, improved sanitation facilities, and sufficient living area) and children’s cognitive and social–emotional development, accounting for contextual effects and socioeconomic factors. Estimates from each country were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. Subgroup analyses were conducted by the child’s gender, maternal education, and household wealth quintiles. On-track cognitive development was associated with improved housing (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.24, p < 0.001), improved drinking water (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.14, p = 0.046), improved sanitation facilities (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.28, p = 0.014), and sufficient living area (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.10, p = 0.018). On-track social–emotional development was associated with improved housing only in girls (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.25, p = 0.006). The main limitations of this study included the cross-sectional nature of the datasets and the use of the ECDI, which lacks sensitivity to measure ECD outcomes. Conclusions In this study, we observed that improved housing was associated with on-track cognitive development and with on-track social–emotional development in girls. These findings suggest that housing improvement in SSA may be associated not only with benefits for children’s physical health but also with broader aspects of healthy child development.

scholarly journals Maternal depressive symptoms and early childhood development: the role of mother–child interactions among mother–child dyads in rural areas of Central and Western China

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11060
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Chenlu Yang ◽  
Yuning Yang ◽  
Xiaona Huang ◽  
Yinping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Western China ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Simple Slope ◽  
Development Outcomes

Background The associations among maternal depressive symptoms (MDS), mother–child interactions and early child development are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the role of mother–child interactions on the associations between MDS and child development. Methods A cross-sectional study with a multistage sampling method was conducted in rural areas of Central and Western China. MDS, child development outcomes (communication, gross motor function, fine motor function, problem solving and personal social skills) and mother–child interactions were assessed by The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, the Chinese version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, respectively. Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation were conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results A total of 2,548 participants (mothers: 1,274; children: 1,274) were included in our analyses. MDS was negatively associated with child development outcomes and mother–child interactions partly mediated these associations. The proportion of the mediating effect of mother–child interactions was 7.7% for communication, 8.2% for gross motor, 10.3% for fine motor, 10.1% for problem-solving and 9.5% for personal social domains. In addition, the interaction effects of MDS and mother–child interactions on the communication domain were significant (β = 0.070, 95% CI 0.016, 0.124; p = 0.011). The associations between MDS and child communication abilities were weaker at the high level (simple slope = −0.019, t =  − 0.458, p = 0.647) of mother–child interactions than at the mean level (simple slope = −0.089, t =  − 3.190, p = 0.002) and the low level (simple slope = −0.158, t =  − 4.231, p < 0.001). Similar moderating effects were not observed in the other child development outcomes. Conclusion Our results suggest the important role of mother–child interactions on the associations between MDS and early childhood development. Due to the cross-sectional design of this study, these associations require further investigation in prospective studies.

scholarly journals Permainan Tradisional sebagai Pengembangan Kecerdasan Emosi Anak

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Ramadhan Lubis ◽  
Khadijah Khadijah
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Group B ◽  
Interesting Learning

Aspects of early childhood development include: Islamic religious education, social-emotional character and independence, language, cognitive, physical-motor and art. Early childhood requires concrete and interesting learning, as RA Al-Kamil and TKIT Nurul 'Ilmi applied traditional games. But not specifically analyzed the emotional development of children. Therefore, this study examined the emotional development of children using traditional games. The study was conducted in RA Al-Kamil and TKIT Nurul ‘Ilmi in first semester of the Academic Year 2018/2019. Subjects in this study are teachers, principals, parents and children of group B. The instruments used were observation forms, interview guidelines and documentation. The research is qualitative. Data analysis techniques used were triangulation and validity. The results showed that (1)traditional games used were against marbles, long clogs, conklak and bakelan; and (2) the emotional development of children develops after the application of traditional games in RA.

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