Is Heart Rate a Confounding Factor for Photoplethysmography Markers? A Systematic Review

Finger photoplethysmography (PPG) waveform is blood volume change of finger microcirculation that reflects vascular function. Reflection index (RI), stiffness index (SI) and second derivative of photoplethysmogram (SDPPG) are derived from PPG waveforms proposed as cardiovascular disease (CVD) markers. Heart rate (HR) is a known factor that affects vascular function. Individual resting HR variation may affect RI, SI and SDPPG. This review aims to identify studies about the relationship between HR with RI, SI and SDPPG among humans. A literature search was conducted in Medline via the Ebscohost and Scopus databases to find relevant articles published within 11 years. The main inclusion criteria were articles in the English language that discuss the relationship between HR with RI, SI and SDPPG using PPG among humans. The search found 1960 relevant articles but only six articles that met the inclusion criteria. SI and RI showed an association with HR. SDPPG (SDPPG-b/SDPPG-a ratio, SDPPG-d/SDPPG-a ratio, aging index (AGI) and revised aging index (RAGI)) also had an association with HR. Only RI had a considerable association with HR, the association between SI and HR was non-considerable and the association between HR and SDPPG was inconclusive. Further interventional studies should be conducted to investigate this issue, as a variation in resting HR may challenge the validity of PPG-based CVD markers.

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Illness perception and high readmission health outcomes

Health Psychology Open ◽

10.1177/2055102919844504 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 205510291984450 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Amanda T Sawyer ◽

Stephanie L Harris ◽

Harold G Koenig

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

English Language ◽

Language Use ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Hospital Readmissions ◽

Illness Perception ◽

Quantitative Methodology ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Multifaceted Approach ◽

The Relationship

This review identified associations between illness perception and health outcomes of patients with a medical diagnosis included in the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program. Inclusion criteria were English language, use of quantitative methodology, health outcomes specified, and identifiable effect size and statistical significance of the relationship. Most of the 31 studies in this review showed that favorable illness perception has been associated with better health outcomes, while unfavorable illness perception has been associated with worse outcomes. A multifaceted approach might include behavioral, clinical, educational, and psychosocial components to improve one’s illness perception through educative, cognitive-behavioral, or psychodynamic counseling.

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A Narrative Review on the Relationship between Female Reproductive Factors and Longevity

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3269 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 885-886

Author(s):

Christy Costanian ◽

Raymond Farah ◽

Sola Bahous ◽

Abla Sibai

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Literature Search ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Reproductive Factors ◽

Premature Menopause ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Ovid Medline ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract This review presents findings on the role of female reproductive factors on longevity.A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted using four electronic databases: OVID Medline, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar from inception until May 2020 and restricted to English language articles that tackle the relationship between reproductive factors and longevity in its various definitions. Our search yielded a total of 306 articles. After screening based on the eligibility criteria,37 articles were included for review. The majority of studies were prospective and conducted in Western populations. The most consistent findings were between parity and increased longevity. The role of ages at menarche and menopause, premature menopause, as well as reproductive lifespan on longevity were not conclusive. Whether gender of offspring is related to maternal longevity is yet to be fully elucidated.Variations in findings are in the majority due to differentials in the definition of longevity as an outcome. Further longitudinal studies based in developing countries are needed to examine reproductive factors related to longevity.

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The Prediction of Atherosclerosis Index Based on Photoplethysmograph

Scientific Programming ◽

10.1155/2021/2234514 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Yibing Li ◽

Fei Xie ◽

Xiaoye Ren ◽

Fenyun Cao

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Stiffness Index ◽

Reflection Index ◽

Study Results ◽

The Right ◽

Bp Neural Network Model ◽

The Relationship ◽

Coefficient Method

Current atherosclerosis (AS) assessment devices have a disadvantage for users to carry around. In response to this shortcoming, we propose to collect the wrist photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal and create models to predict the indicators of atherosclerosis (cardiovascular age and right brachial and ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV)). This study uses the maximum correlation coefficient method for feature selection and establishes multiple models to predict cardiovascular age and the right baPWV. The study results show that the prediction of cardiovascular age using the backpropagation (BP) neural network model is the best. Its Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) is 0.9501 ( P < 0.05 ), and the model finds the best six physiological features as crest time (CT), crest time ratio (CTR), slop K, stiffness index (SI), reflection index (RI), and heart rate (HR). When predicting the right baPWV value on the right side, we propose a hybrid method MLR_BP, which has better experimental results than BP and MLR. The MLR_BP model improves the prediction accuracy, the predicted PCC value is 0.9204 ( P < 0.05 ), and the model only needs two features, HR and cardiovascular age. This study further verified the results of related literature and proved the relationship between AS and related physiological parameters. The proposed method is applied to wearable devices and has an application value for diagnosing AS and preventing cardiovascular diseases.

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Keberadaan Perokok dalam Rumah sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Pneumonia pada Anak: Suatu Kajian Sistematik

JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/jkli.19.2.152-159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 152-159

Author(s):

Rahma Desta Kusumawardani ◽

Suhartono Suhartono ◽

Budiyono Budiyono

Keyword(s):

Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽

Tobacco Smoke ◽

Maternal Smoking ◽

Literature Search ◽

Observational Research ◽

Creatinine Ratio ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Research Designs ◽

Increase Risk ◽

The Relationship

Latar belakang: Pneumonia merupakan penyebab utama kematian pada anak di dunia. Salah satu faktor risiko yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian adalah adanya pajanan asap rokok lingkungan (environmental tobacco smoke, ETS) yang berasal dari adanya perokok dalam rumah. Kajian sistematis ini bertujuan menggambarkan hubungan keberadaan perokok dalam rumah dengan kejadian pneumonia pada anak.Metode: Penelusuran artikel dilakukan melalui database Portal Garuda Indonesia, PubMed, Scopus, dan ProQuest, pada bulan Mei 2020. Kriteria inklusi adalah penelitian dengan desain studi observasional dan fokus pada hubungan pajanan asap rokok dengan pneumonia pada anak, yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2000-2020.Hasil: Terdapat 8 artikel yang dikaji. Salah satu artikel melakukan pengukuran CCR (Cotinine/creatinine ratio) urin. Faktor terkait pajanan asap rokok yang terbukti berkaitan dengan peningkatan risiko pneumonia adalah adanya anggota keluarga yang merokok, lokasi merokok berada di dalam rumah, adanya bau tembakau di dalam ruangan, pajanan asap rokok pada masa prenatal terutama ibu yang merokok pada masa kehamilan, dan usia anak pada saat terpajan asap rokok.Simpulan: Keberadaan perokok dalam rumah meningkatkan risiko pneumonia pada anak, dengan kisaran 1,2-6,7 ABSTRACTTitle: The existence of smokers in the home as a risk factor of pneumonia in children: A systematic review Background: Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children worldwide. One of the risk factors that need an attention is exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) from the smoker in the house. The purpose of this systematic study is to describe relationship between the presence of smokers in the house and pneumonia in children.Methods: The literature search was carried out through the database of Portal Garuda Indonesia, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest, which were conducted in May 2020. The inclusion criteria are observational research designs and focus on the relationship between exposure to tobacco smoke and pneumonia in children that were published between 2000 and 2020.Results: Eight articles were selected for review. One of the articles has measured urinary cotinine/creatinine ratio (CCR). Factors related to the exposure to tobacco smoke which is proven to be associated with an increase risk of pneumonia in children were the presence of family members who smoke, location of smoking in the house, the smell of tobacco in the room, exposure to tobacco smoke during the prenatal period especially maternal smoking, and the age of the child when exposed to tobacco smoke. Conclusion: The presence of smokers in the home increases the risk of pneumonia in children, with a ranges between 1.2-6.7

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Positive Effects of Tomato Paste on Vascular Function After a Fat Meal in Male Healthy Subjects

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10091310 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1310 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrea Dalbeni ◽

Davide Treggiari ◽

Angela Tagetti ◽

Michele Bevilaqua ◽

Sara Bonafini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vascular Function ◽

Stiffness Index ◽

Reflection Index ◽

Brachial Artery Diameter ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Haemodynamic Parameters ◽

Tomato Paste ◽

Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽

Fat Meal

Tomato consumption has been recently associated with a reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to test whether a seven-day period of tomato paste purèe (tomato paste, TP) supplementation could improve some haemodynamic parameters in healthy volunteers before and after a standardized fat meal (FM). Methods and results: Nineteen healthy male volunteers participated in a randomized, single-blind (operator) crossover study. Participants maintained low fiber diets (LFD) during the study periods. They were randomized either to a LFD and TP arm (80 g of TP/day) for seven-days, or to a control arm (LFD-only) with a two-week washout period. Flow Mediated Dilatation and other morpho-functional vascular indices were measured by ultrasound. Stiffness Index and Reflection Index were estimated by digital photo-plethysmography. All these parameters were measured one h before and two and 3.5 h after the FM. The difference in Stiffness Index was increased in the LFD and TP + FM-arm, as compared to the LFD-only + FM arm at both two and 3.5 h points. After the FM, in both arms, at two h, we observed a reduction in the Reflection Index and an increase in heart rate. Interestingly, only in the LFD and TP + FM-arm, some haemodynamic changes were detectable at two h; notably, there was an increase in brachial artery diameter and a reduction in diastolic blood pressure (BP). Conclusions: TP has no effect on Flow Mediated Dilatation but acutely modifies some haemodynamic parameters triggered by FM, suggesting possible haemodynamic beneficial effects in people consuming tomatoes.

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Abstract P061: Effects of Black Tea With and Without a Fat Load on Vascular Function in Mildly Hypertensive Subjects

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.ap061 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽

Author(s):

Davide Grassi ◽

Richard Draijer ◽

Giovambattista Desideri ◽

Theo Mulder ◽

Claudio Ferri

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Black Tea ◽

Stiffness Index ◽

Maximal Response ◽

Tea Consumption ◽

Double Blind ◽

Reflection Index

Introduction: Endothelial dysfunction is an early biomarker for the development of cardiovascular disease and a predictor of future cardiovascular events. A number of intervention studies in healthy and diseased subjects have reported that endothelial function, as assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), is positively affected by black tea consumption. On the other hand, high calorie fatty meals are detrimental to endothelial function. Hypothesis: To assess the effect of black tea with and without a fat load on FMD, digital volume pulse (DVP) and office blood pressure (BP) in never treated grade 1 hypertensive subjects without additional cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: According to a randomized, double-blind, controlled, cross-over design, 19 grade 1 hypertensives were assigned to consume black tea, containing 150 mg polyphenols or a placebo drink matched for caffeine, color and taste, twice a day for eight days, with a wash-out period in between of 13 days. On day 7 all measurements were performed in a fasted state, while on day 8 subjects consumed ultra-heat-treated whipping cream (1 gram fat per kg bodyweight) 30 minutes after consuming the test products. FMD, DVP and BP were measured at baseline and 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after consumption of the test products. Results: Baseline FMD improved after 1-week tea consumption when compared to placebo (p<0.0001). An additional cup of tea further increased FMD at 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after consumption when compared to baseline with maximal response 2 hours after intake (p<0.0001). Fat challenge significantly decreased FMD (p<0.0001), which was counteracted by tea consumption. Tea improved reflection index (small vessel tone; p<0.0001) and stiffness index (large arterial stiffness; p<0.0001) with additional effects after acute tea consumption with and without fat load. Further, tea decreased systolic and diastolic BP with and without a fat load (all p<0.0001). Conclusions: We demonstrate for the first time that moderate consumption of black tea protects against oral fat load-induced endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive but otherwise healthy subjects. The vascular benefits of tea are also reflected in improved endothelial function and peripheral arterial hemodynamics as well as blood pressure lowering under fasted and postprandial conditions. Our findings are of clinical relevance and interest, considering that the ingestion of the main daily meal has been suggested to be a trigger for acute myocardial infarction.

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Methodological Considerations for a Vascular Function Test Battery

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-0946-1293 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (09) ◽

pp. 601-608

Author(s):

Rachel Kimble ◽

Karen M. Keane ◽

John K. Lodge ◽

Glyn Howatson

Keyword(s):

Vascular Function ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Careful Consideration ◽

Test Battery ◽

Doppler Imaging ◽

Stiffness Index ◽

Future Research ◽

Reflection Index ◽

Repeatability And Reproducibility

AbstractThere is a dearth of information regarding the reliability of non-invasive measures of vascular function taken in a single testing session. This study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability of a test battery of vascular function measures: automated blood pressure (BP), laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis (LDI), digital volume pulse (DVP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx) measured by pulse wave analysis (PWA) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) taken within and between sessions. Measures were taken in 21 non-smoking males intra-session and again inter-session (one week apart) to determine repeatability and reproducibility, respectively. There was moderate to excellent repeatability (ICC: 0.53–0.93; CV=2.2–18.1%) and reproducibility (ICC: 0.71–0.96; CV 1.9–14.2%) for BP, DVP stiffness index, PWV, AIx, AIx normalised to heart rate (75 bpm), absolute and percentage FMD. Repeatability of the DVP reflection index was moderate (ICC: 0.64; CV=9.5%) but there was poor reproducibility (ICC: 0.17; CV=15.1%). Moreover, the repeatability and reproducibility of the LDI measures ranged from poor to good (ICC: 0.31–0.84; CV=28.4–36.7%). These data indicated that there was considerable variability in the repeatability and reproducibility of measurements of endothelial function and arterial stiffness taken in a battery of measurements, which needs careful consideration in future research designs.

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Emotional Experiences of Students in the Classroom

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000014 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 142-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wondimu Ahmed ◽

Greetje van der Werf ◽

Alexander Minnaert

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Emotional Response ◽

Task Difficulty ◽

Physiological Reactivity ◽

Emotional Experiences ◽

Heart Rate Monitoring ◽

Coding Scheme ◽

Stimulated Recall ◽

Response Systems ◽

The Relationship

In this article, we report on a multimethod qualitative study designed to explore the emotional experiences of students in the classroom setting. The purpose of the study was threefold: (1) to explore the correspondence among nonverbal expressions, subjective feelings, and physiological reactivity (heart rate changes) of students’ emotions in the classroom; (2) to examine the relationship between students’ emotions and their competence and value appraisals; and (3) to determine whether task difficulty matters in emotional experiences. We used multiple methods (nonverbal coding scheme, video stimulated recall interview, and heart rate monitoring) to acquire data on emotional experiences of six grade 7 students. Concurrent correspondence analyses of the emotional indices revealed that coherence between emotional response systems, although apparent, is not conclusive. The relationship between appraisals and emotions was evident, but the effect of task difficulty appears to be minimal.

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