scholarly journals Influence of Interval Training Frequency on Time-Trial Performance in Elite Endurance Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3190
Author(s):  
Espen Tønnessen ◽  
Jonny Hisdal ◽  
Bent R. Ronnestad
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Frequency Group ◽  
Training Frequency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trial Performance

Purpose: To determine the impact of interval training frequency in elite endurance athletes. It was hypothesized that two longer sessions would elicit greater performance improvements and physiological adaptation than four shorter sessions at the same intensity. Methods: Elite cross-country skiers and biathletes were randomly assigned to either a high-frequency group (HF group) (5 M, 1 F, age 22 (19–26), VO2max 67.8 (65.5–70.2) mL/kg/min) doing four short interval sessions per week or a low-frequency group (LF group) (8 M, 1 F, age 22 (18–23), VO2max 70.7 (67.0–73.9) mL/kg/min) doing two longer interval sessions. All interval sessions were performed at ~85% of maximum heart rate, and groups were matched for total weekly training volume. Pre- and post-intervention, athletes completed an 8 km rollerski time-trial, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test, and an incremental, submaximal exercise test. Results: The LF group had a statistically significant improved time-trial performance following the intervention (p = 0.04), with no statistically significant changes in the HF group. Similarly, percentage utilization of VO2max at anaerobic threshold (p = 0.04) and exercise economy (p = 0.01) were statistically significantly improved following the intervention in the LF group only. No statistically significant changes in VO2max were observed in either group. Conclusions: Two longer interval sessions appear superior to four shorter sessions per week in promoting endurance adaptations and performance improvements in elite endurance athletes. Despite matched training volume and exercise intensity, the larger, more concentrated exercise stimulus in the LF group appears to induce more favorable adaptations. The longer time between training sessions in the LF group may also have allowed athletes to recover more effectively and better “absorb” the training. These findings are in line with the “best practice” observed by many of the world’s best endurance athletes.

scholarly journals Effect of Thirst-Driven Fluid Intake on 1 H Cycling Time-Trial Performance in Trained Endurance Athletes

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Maxime Perreault-Briere ◽  
Jeff Beliveau ◽  
David Jeker ◽  
Thomas A. Deshayes ◽  
Ana Duran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cycling Time ◽  
Trial Performance

A meta-analysis demonstrated that programmed fluid intake (PFI) aimed at fully replacing sweat losses during a 1 h high-intensity cycling exercise impairs performance compared with no fluid intake (NFI). It was reported that thirst-driven fluid intake (TDFI) may optimize cycling performance, compared with when fluid is consumed more than thirst dictates. However, how TDFI, compared with PFI and NFI, impacts performance during a 1 h cycling time-trial performance remains unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of NFI, TDFI and PFI on 1 h cycling time-trial performance. Using a randomized, crossover and counterbalanced protocol, 9 (7 males and 2 females) trained endurance athletes (30 ± 9 years; Peak V · O2∶ 59 ± 8 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed three 1 h cycling time-trials (30 °C, 50% RH) with either NFI, TDFI or PFI designed to maintain body mass (BM) at ~0.5% of pre-exercise BM. Body mass loss reached 2.9 ± 0.4, 2.2 ± 0.3 and 0.6 ± 0.2% with NFI, TDFI and PFI, respectively. Heart rate, rectal and mean skin temperatures and ratings of perceived exertion and of abdominal discomfort diverged marginally among trials. Mean distance completed (NFI: 35.6 ± 1.9 km; TDFI: 35.8 ± 2.0; PFI: 35.7 ± 2.0) and, hence, average power output maintained during the time-trials did not significantly differ among trials, and the impact of both PFI and TDFI vs. NFI was deemed trivial or unclear. These findings indicate that neither PFI nor TDFI are likely to offer any advantage over NFI during a 1 h cycling time-trial.

Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing in the Fed State: Lack of Enhancement of Time-Trial Performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milou Beelen ◽  
Jort Berghuis ◽  
Ben Bonaparte ◽  
Sam B. Ballak ◽  
Asker E. Jeukendrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Mouth Rinsing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trial Performance

It has been reported previously that mouth rinsing with a carbohydrate-containing solution can improve cycling performance. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the impact of such a carbohydrate mouth rinse on exercise performance during a simulated time trial in a more practical, postprandial setting. Fourteen male endurance-trained athletes were selected to perform 2 exercise tests in the morning after consuming a standardized breakfast. They performed an ~1-hr time trial on a cycle ergometer while rinsing their mouths with either a 6.4% maltodextrin solution (CHO) or water (PLA) after every 12.5% of the set amount of work. Borg’s rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed after every 25% of the set amount of work, and power output and heart rate were recorded continuously throughout the test. Performance time did not differ between treatments and averaged 68.14 ± 1.14 and 67.52 ± 1.00 min in CHO and PLA, respectively (p = .57). In accordance, average power output (265 ± 5 vs. 266 ± 5 W, p = .58), heart rate (169 ± 2 vs. 168 ± 2 beats/min, p = .43), and RPE (16.4 ± 0.3 vs. 16.7 ± 0.3 W, p = .26) did not differ between treatments. Furthermore, after dividing the trial into 8s, no differences in power output, heart rate, or perceived exertion were observed over time between treatments. Carbohydrate mouth rinsing does not improve time-trial performance when exercise is performed in a practical, postprandial setting.

No changes in time trial performance of master endurance athletes after 4 weeks on a low carbohydrate diet

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Maria Francesca Piacentini ◽  
Attilio Parisi ◽  
Nicole Verticchio ◽  
Stefania Comotto ◽  
Romain Meeusen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Trial Performance

Effects of Different Uphill Interval-Training Programs on Running Economy and Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle R. Barnes ◽  
Will G. Hopkins ◽  
Michael R. McGuigan ◽  
Andrew E. Kilding
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trial Performance

Purpose:Runners use uphill running as a movement-specific form of resistance training to enhance performance. However, the optimal parameters for prescribing intervals are unknown. The authors adopted a dose-response design to investigate the effects of various uphill interval-training programs on physiological and performance measures.Methods:Twenty well-trained runners performed an incremental treadmill test to determine aerobic and biomechanical measures, a series of jumps on a force plate to determine neuromuscular measures, and a 5-km time trial. Runners were then randomly assigned to 1 of 5 uphill interval-training programs. After 6 wk all tests were repeated. To identify the optimal training program for each measure, each runner’s percentage change was modeled as a quadratic function of the rank order of the intensity of training. Uncertainty in the optimal training and in the corresponding effect on the given measure was estimated as 90% confidence limits using bootstrapping.Results:There was no clear optimum for time-trial performance, and the mean improvement over all intensities was 2.0% (confidence limits ±0.6%). The highest intensity was clearly optimal for running economy (improvement of 2.4% ± 1.4%) and for all neuromuscular measures, whereas other aerobic measures were optimal near the middle intensity. There were no consistent optima for biomechanical measures.Conclusions:These findings support anecdotal reports for incorporating uphill interval training in the training programs of distance runners to improve physiological parameters relevant to running performance. Until more data are obtained, runners can assume that any form of high-intensity uphill interval training will benefit 5-km time-trial performance.

scholarly journals Roller-Ski Aerobic High-Intensity Interval Training Improves the VO2max and Anaerobic Power in Cross-Country Skiers

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
BAHAR ATEŞ ◽  
Ebru ÇETİN
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Trial Performance

The purpose of this study was to investigate the 8-week of roller-ski aerobic high-intensity interval training on aerobic and anaerobic power in cross-country skiers. 10 male [age, 18,28±2,1 years; height, 171,26±4,12 cm; weight, 61,39±6,28 kg] and 8 female [age, 16,05±0.3 years; height, 158,3±6,47 cm; weight, 49,34±0.7 kg]  junior cross-country skiers completed the study. All skiers performed 2x2-km all-out uphill intervals with roller-skis, 3 times a week, in addition to their traditional training program. Measurements included VO2max, anaerobic power, and also for 2-km time-trial performance. All values were listed as pre-to post-test mean [±SD], significant level, and percentage changes [%]. Pre-to post-testing changes in VO2max, anaerobic power, and also 2-km time-trial performance were significantly higher during all post-test trials in all groups [p<0.005]. As a result, we suggest that the skiers should integrate the roller-ski aerobic high-intensity interval uphill models in their training programs for improving performance.

scholarly journals Change In VO2max And Time Trial Performance To Interval Training Prescribed According To Ventilatory Threshold

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Todd A. Astorino ◽  
Jamie DeRevere ◽  
Theodore Anderson ◽  
Patrick Holstrom ◽  
Erin Kellogg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Trial Performance
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