scholarly journals Occurrence of Halogenated Pollutants in Domestic and Occupational Indoor Dust

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Simonetti ◽  
Patrizia Di Filippo ◽  
Carmela Riccardi ◽  
Donatella Pomata ◽  
Elisa Sonego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Dust Collection ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Emerging Organic Pollutants

The occurrence of halogenated organic pollutants in indoor dust can be high due to the presence of textile, electronic devices, furniture, and building materials treated with these chemicals. In this explorative study, we focused on emerging organic pollutants, such as novel brominated flame retardants (nBFRs) and some perfluoroalkyl substances, together with legacy polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) in settled dust collected in houses and workplaces such as one office and two electrotechnical and mechanical workshops. The total contribution of the investigated pollutants was lower in house and in office dusts except for few nBFRs (such as bis (2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-phthalate at a concentration of 464.5 ng/g in a house and hexachlorocyclopentadienyldibromocyclooctane at 40.4 ng/g in the office), whereas in electrotechnical and mechanical workshops a high incidence of PCBs, BDEs, and nBFRs occurred (for example, BDE 209 at a concentration of 2368.0 ng/g and tetrabromobisphenol A at 32,320.1 ng/g in electrotechnical and mechanical workshops). Estimated daily intakes were also calculated, showing that domestic and occupational environments can lead to a similar contribution in terms of human exposure. The higher exposure contribution was associated to nBFRs, whose EDIs were in the range of 3968.2–555,694.2 pg/kg bw/day. To provide a complete view about the indoor contamination, in this investigation, we also included polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their oxygenated and nitrated derivatives. Definitely, dust collection represents a simple, fast, and cost-effective sampling and dust contamination level can be a useful indicator of environment healthiness. Besides, the presented method can be a smart tool to provide a time and money saving technique to characterize 99 pollutants thanks to a single sample treatment.

scholarly journals Emerging and Legacy Organic Halogenated Pollutants in Indoor Dusts

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Giulia Simonetti ◽  
Elisa Sonego ◽  
Federica Castellani ◽  
Patrizia Di Filippo ◽  
Carmela Riccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Dust Collection ◽  
Settled Dust ◽  
Halogenated Pollutants ◽  
Emerging Organic Pollutants

In indoor environments, the concentration of halogenated organic pollutants in dust can be high due to the presence of products treated with these chemicals. In this study, we monitored emerging organic pollutants, such as novel brominated flame retardants (nBFRs) and some perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), together with legacy polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in settled dust collected in five different (domestic and occupational) environments. In workplaces, a high incidence of PCBs, PBDEs and nBFRs occurred. Dust collection represents a simple, fast and cost-effective sampling and dust contamination level can be a useful indicator of environment healthiness.

scholarly journals Hydrophobic Organic Pollutants in Soils and Dusts at Electronic Waste Recycling Sites: Occurrence and Possible Impacts of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimere Ohajinwa ◽  
Peter Van Bodegom ◽  
Qing Xie ◽  
Jingwen Chen ◽  
Martina Vijver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Electronic Waste Recycling ◽  
Hydrophobic Organic Pollutants

Concerns about the adverse consequences of informal electronic waste (e-waste) recycling is increasing, because e-waste contains some hazardous substances such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) which is used as flame retardants in electronics. There is dearth of information on the concentrations of PBDEs and the pattern of distribution at the various e-waste recycling sites in Nigeria. This study therefore measured the concentrations of 13 PBDE congeners, in top soils (0–10 cm) and in various dust samples from different e-waste recycling sites (burning, dismantling, repair). PBDE concentrations at e-waste sites were compared with the concentrations in samples from corresponding control sites in three study locations in Nigeria (Lagos, Ibadan, and Aba). There were significant differences in the level of PBDEs congeners between each of the e-waste recycling sites and the corresponding control sites. The levels of PBDEs at the e-waste recycling sites exceeded the levels at the controls sites by a factor of 100 s to 1000 s. In general, PBDE concentrations at the e-waste sites decreased with the intensity of the e-waste recycling activities: burning sites > dismantling sites > repair sites > control sites. Our results suggest that the informal e-waste recycling has negative impacts on the enviroment and human health.

scholarly journals Brominated Flame Retardants in Children’s Room: Concentration, Composition, and Health Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6421
Author(s):  
Douha Bannan ◽  
Nadeem Ali ◽  
Nabil A. Alhakamy ◽  
Mohamed A. Alfaleh ◽  
Waleed S. Alharbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Brominated Flame Retardants ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Household Dust ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Bde 209

Children spend most of their daily time indoors. Many of the items used indoors, such as furniture, electronics, textile, and children toys, are treated with chemicals to provide longevity and fulfil the safety standards. However, many chemicals added to these products are released into the environment during leaching out from the treated products. Many studies have reported brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in indoor environments; however, few have focused on environments specified for young children. In this study, paired air (PM10) and dust samples were collected from the rooms (n = 30) of Saudi children. These samples were analyzed for different congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and three important alternative flame retardants using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) was the most important analyzed BFR in dust and PM10 samples with a median value of 3150 ng/g of dust and 75 pg/m3. This indicates the wider application of BDE 209 has implications for its occurrence, although its use has been regulated for specified uses since 2014. Among alternative BFRs, 2-Ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB), Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), and 1,2-Bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) were found with a median levels of 10, 15 and 8 ng/g of dust, respectively. However, alternative BFRs were present in <50% of the PM10 samples. The calculated long term and daily exposures via indoor dust and PM10 of Saudi children from their rooms were well below the respective reference dose (RfD) values. Nonetheless, the study highlights BDE 209 at higher levels than previously reported from household dust in Saudi Arabia. The study warrants further extensive research to estimate the different classes of chemical exposure to children from their rooms.

scholarly journals Human Excretion of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Flame Retardants: Blood, Urine, and Sweat Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelagh K. Genuis ◽  
Detlef Birkholz ◽  
Stephen J. Genuis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers

Commonly used as flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are routinely detected in the environment, animals, and humans. Although these persistent organic pollutants are increasingly recognized as having serious health implications, particularly for children, this is the first study, to our knowledge, to investigate an intervention for human elimination of bioaccumulated PBDEs. Objectives. To determine the efficacy of blood, urine, and perspiration as PBDE biomonitoring mediums; assess excretion of five common PBDE congeners (28, 47, 99, 100, and 153) in urine and perspiration; and explore the potential of induced sweating for decreasing bioaccumulated PBDEs. Results. PBDE congeners were not found in urine samples; findings focus on blood and perspiration. 80% of participants tested positive in one or more body fluids for PBDE 28, 100% for PBDE 47, 95% for PBDE 99, and 90% for PBDE 100 and PBDE 153. Induced perspiration facilitated excretion of the five congeners, with different rates of excretion for different congeners. Conclusion. Blood testing provides only a partial understanding of human PBDE bioaccumulation; testing of both blood and perspiration provides a better understanding. This study provides important baseline evidence for regular induced perspiration as a potential means for therapeutic PBDE elimination. Fetotoxic and reproductive effects of PBDE exposure highlight the importance of further detoxification research.

Flame Retardants in Indoor Dust - A Review on the Levels of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Hexabromocyclododecanes

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 2218-2230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Coelho ◽  
Ana Sousa ◽  
Tomohiko Isobe ◽  
Shinsuke Tanabe ◽  
Antonio Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers

scholarly journals Concentrations of Halogenated Flame Retardants and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in house dust from Lagos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumide Emmanuel Akinrinade ◽  
William A. Stubbings ◽  
Mohamed Abdallah ◽  
Olusegun Ayejuyo ◽  
Rose Anthony Alani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
House Dust ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Halogenated Flame Retardants

Manufacture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) is banned; with concerns emerging about alternative halogenated flame retardants (alt-HFRs). While the presence in indoor dust of...

scholarly journals Persistent organic pollutants and couple fecundability: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda G Kahn ◽  
Kim G Harley ◽  
Eva L Siegel ◽  
Yeyi Zhu ◽  
Pam Factor-Litvak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND Despite increasing regulation, exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) remains a serious public health concern due to their accumulation in the environment and ability to biomagnify up the food chain. POPs are associated with endocrine-disrupting effects including adverse reproductive outcomes that could affect fecundability, i.e. the capacity to conceive a pregnancy, quantified as time to pregnancy (TTP). OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Results of epidemiologic studies that examine the impact of various chemical classes of POPs on TTP have not been synthesised. We undertook a systematic review to summarise the strength of evidence for associations of four common groups of POPs with couple fecundability and to identify gaps and limitations in the literature in order to inform policy decisions and future research. SEARCH METHODS We performed an electronic search of literature published between 1 January 2007 and 6 August 2019 in MEDLINE, EMBASE.com, Global Health, DART/TOXLINE and POPLINE. We included empirical research papers that examined human exposure to organochlorine (OC) pesticides, brominated flame retardants, polychlorinated organic compounds and/or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and considered TTP or fecundability as an outcome. Standardised forms for screening, data extraction and study quality were developed using DistillerSR software, and all reviews were completed in duplicate. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias and devised additional quality metrics based on specific methodological features of fecundability studies. OUTCOMES The search returned 4573 articles, and 28 papers from 19 different studies met inclusion criteria. Among them, four studies measured TTP prospectively, three had data on participants’ prenatal exposure, three examined associations in both male and female partners and one focused exclusively on males. Analyses varied widely in terms of exposure characterisation, precluding a meta-analytic approach. Evidence was strongest for adverse associations of female exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls with TTP, with some additional support for associations of female exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and PFAS with longer TTP. Our review provided little or no support for associations between female exposure to OC pesticides or male exposure to any of the POP groups and TTP. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Evidence suggests that female exposure to at least some POPs may reduce fecundability. Although many of these chemicals are no longer in production, they are still detectable in human biosamples because of their persistence in the environment. Replacement chemicals that are being introduced as older ones are restricted may have similar reproductive consequences. Future studies should examine these newer POPs, assess interactions between POPs and other chemical and non-chemical exposures, investigate how POPs are distributed in and metabolised by the human body and focus on populations that may be disproportionately exposed.

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