scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Ambient Ozone, PM2.5, and Meteorological Factors on COVID-19 Confirmed Cases and Deaths in Queens, New York

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atin Adhikari ◽  
Jingjing Yin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
York City ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
York State Department ◽  
Short Term

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, has been rapidly increasing in the United States. Boroughs of New York City, including Queens county, turn out to be the epicenters of this infection. According to the data provided by the New York State Department of Health, most of the cases of new COVID-19 infections in New York City have been found in the Queens county where 42,023 people have tested positive, and 3221 people have died as of 20 April 2020. Person-to-person transmission and travels were implicated in the initial spread of the outbreaks, but factors related to the late phase of rapidly spreading outbreaks in March and April are still uncertain. A few previous studies have explored the links between air pollution and COVID-19 infections, but more data is needed to understand the effects of short-term exposures of air pollutants and meteorological factors on the spread of COVID-19 infections, particularly in the U.S. disease epicenters. In this study, we have focused on ozone and PM2.5, two major air pollutants in New York City, which were previously found to be associated with respiratory viral infections. The aim of our regression modeling was to explore the associations among ozone, PM2.5, daily meteorological variables (wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity, cloud percentages, and precipitation levels), and COVID-19 confirmed new cases and new deaths in Queens county, New York during March and April 2020. The results from these analyses showed that daily average temperature, daily maximum eight-hour ozone concentration, average relative humidity, and cloud percentages were significantly and positively associated with new confirmed cases related to COVID-19; none of these variables showed significant associations with new deaths related to COVID-19. The findings indicate that short-term exposures to ozone and other meteorological factors can influence COVID-19 transmission and initiation of the disease, but disease aggravation and mortality depend on other factors.

scholarly journals A statewide analysis of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in New York

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Lasek-Nesselquist ◽  
Navjot Singh ◽  
Alexis Russell ◽  
Daryl Lamson ◽  
John Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
York State ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Westchester County

AbstractNew York State, in particular the New York City metropolitan area, was the early epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United States. Similar to initial pandemic dynamics in many metropolitan areas, multiple introductions from various locations appear to have contributed to the swell of positive cases. However, representation and analysis of samples from New York regions outside the greater New York City area were lacking, as were SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the earliest cases associated with the Westchester County outbreak, which represents the first outbreak recorded in New York State. The Wadsworth Center, the public health laboratory of New York State, sought to characterize the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 across the entire state of New York from March to September with the addition of over 600 genomes from under-sampled and previously unsampled New York counties and to more fully understand the breadth of the initial outbreak in Westchester County. Additional sequencing confirmed the dominance of B.1 and descendant lineages (collectively referred to as B.1.X) in New York State. Community structure, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic analyses suggested that the Westchester outbreak was associated with continued transmission of the virus throughout the state, even after travel restrictions and the on-pause measures of March, contributing to a substantial proportion of the B.1 transmission clusters as of September 30th, 2020.

scholarly journals New York City’s Brownfield Redevelopment Program: Economic Catalyst or Taxpayer Giveaway?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tatyiana Gordon
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
New York State ◽  
Property Values ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
York State Department ◽  
York State

The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) and the New York City Office of Environmental Remediation (OER) manage and coordinate brownfield cleanup programs. These are intended to promote environmental restoration and redevelopment of underutilized or abandoned properties that have been affected by the presence or discharges of oil or hazardous substances. This paper seeks to determine whether these programs have achieved the goals and objectives sought by decision makers and if the cost of those achievements in terms of public money subsidies and forgone tax revenue have been commensurate with the realized benefits.The DEC brownfield program offers financial incentives, such as tax credits, as well as regulatory benefits (limited liability protections) to promote alternatives to greenfield development. OER efforts are New York City centric with incentives divided into three sectors: procedural, legal, and financial with a major goal of reducing remedial (cleanup) timeframes. To evaluate the effectiveness of the New York City Brownfield program changes in property values over time were evaluated. The five New York City counties experiencing the two highest percent increases in property values also claimed the highest brownfield credits. Queens and Brooklyn received most brownfield credits during this period but also experienced the most redevelopment. These and other data illustrate a return on the brownfield investment (ROBI) credit of about one to six; or one dollar in brownfield credit stimulating six dollars in project spending. New York City counties’ ROBI is consistent with all other New York State County ROBI’s: roughly six dollars in redevelopment activity being stimulated by one dollar in brownfield credit. The roughly $6 ROBI presented here is similar to ROI’s for other public services such as disease prevention and incarceration intervention.

scholarly journals LB16. The Role of Adults in the Measles Outbreak in New York State Outside of New York City, 2018–2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S1000-S1000
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Dufort ◽  
Dylan Johns ◽  
Manisha Patel ◽  
Manisha Patel ◽  
Nina Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Material Support ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Collaborative Agreement

Abstract Background The United States is experiencing the largest measles outbreak since elimination was declared in 2000, with the majority of cases in NYS reported in undervaccinated communities. The objective of this evaluation was to describe adult measles cases in the NYS measles outbreak outside of New York City (NYC). Methods We included all confirmed cases aged ≥18 years in NYS residents (excluding NYC) during October 1, 2018–July 25, 2019 that met the CSTE measles case definition. We defined measles cases attributable to adults as the sum of measles cases among adults and children who contracted disease directly from adults. Results Among 371 confirmed measles cases, the median age was 5.5 years (range: 1 day to 64 years); 79 (21%) were in adults, 4 (5%) of whom were born before 1957 (3 unvaccinated and 1 with unknown vaccine status). Among the 75 cases born during or after 1957, 65 (87%) were unvaccinated or had unknown vaccine status, while 3 had one dose and 7 had 2 doses of measles vaccine. Notably, 5 of 11 internationally imported measles cases were adults, and all were unvaccinated or had unknown vaccine status. During the first month of the outbreak, 26 of the 51 (51%) cases were attributable to adults; of the 26, 15 (58%) were in adults and 11 (42%) were in children who acquired infection from adults (Figure 3). Conclusion The majority of measles cases occurred in unvaccinated children emphasizing the importance of ongoing and focused efforts on pediatric vaccination. However, measles cases in unvaccinated adults played an important role in both importations and disease transmission early in the outbreak. These data strongly support current recommendations of 1 dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR) for most adults and 2 doses of MMR for adults traveling internationally and at high-risk such as those in outbreak areas, as determined by local/state public health. Disclosures Kirsten St. George, MAppSc, PhD, Akonni Biosystems (Other Financial or Material Support), ThermoFisher (Grant/Research Support), Zeptometrix (Other Financial or Material Support, royalty generating collaborative agreement). .

Utilization of peritoneal dialysis in the United States: Reasons for underutilization, specifically in New York State and the boroughs of New York City

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
Ernie Yap ◽  
Marcia Joseph ◽  
Shuchita Sharma ◽  
Osama El Shamy ◽  
Alan D. Weinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
York City ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
York State

The Effects of Youth Employment: Evidence from New York City Lotteries *

2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 423-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gelber ◽  
Adam Isen ◽  
Judd B. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Employment Program ◽  
Employment Programs

Abstract Programs to encourage labor market activity among youth, including public employment programs and wage subsidies like the Work Opportunity Tax Credit, can be supported by three broad rationales. They may (i) provide contemporaneous income support to participants; (ii) encourage work experience that improves future employment and/or educational outcomes of participants; and/or (iii) keep participants “out of trouble.” We study randomized lotteries for access to the New York City (NYC) Summer Youth Employment Program (SYEP), the largest summer youth employment program in the United States, by merging SYEP administrative data on 294,100 lottery participants to IRS data on the universe of U.S. tax records; to New York State administrative incarceration data; and to NYC administrative cause of death data. In assessing the three rationales, we find that (i) SYEP participation causes average earnings and the probability of employment to increase in the year of program participation, with modest contemporaneous crowdout of other earnings and employment; (ii) SYEP participation causes a modest decrease in average earnings for three years following the program and has no impact on college enrollment; and (iii) SYEP participation decreases the probability of incarceration and decreases the probability of mortality, which has important and potentially pivotal implications for analyzing the net benefits of the program.

scholarly journals The Politics of Inequality in the Face of Financial Crisis

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Isaac
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
New York State ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The United States ◽  
Daily News ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Queens College ◽  
The City

I entered college in September of 1975, a working class kid from Queens whose father, Hyman Isaac, was an unemployed linotype operator (I wonder how many of our younger readers even know what that is; it's a typesetter, a trade that no longer exists), and whose mother, Sylvia Isaac, was an office secretary. I thus enrolled at Queens College, the neighborhood school, part of the City University of New York which, in 1975, offered free tuition to all New York City high school graduates. A month later, on October 30, the New York Daily News carried one of the most famous newspaper headlines of the century: “Ford to the City: Drop Dead.” The Ford in question was Gerald Ford, the unelected President of the United States who had acceded to the office from the House of Representatives when first the Vice-President (Spiro Agnew) and then the President (Richard Nixon) resigned amid scandal and disgrace. And his “drop dead” to “the city”—New York City—was a strong declaration that the US government would not bail New York out of the severe fiscal crisis in which it was mired. That same autumn, the State of New York passed the New York State Financial Emergency Act of The City of New York, placing the city in receivership, under the fiscal control of a state-appointed Emergency Financial Control Board: EFCB. That acronym, and a second with which it was conjoined—MAC, or “Big MAC,” the Municipal Assistance Corporation, the bond authority led by Felix Rohatyn that became the veritable executive office of the city—is indelibly stamped on the psyches of all who lived in and around New York in those years. For me, a teenage college student, the most palpable effect of all of this was the abolition of tuition-free higher education in New York City in 1976—a sour note during that year's bicentennial celebration of American freedom.

Access Management at a High-Volume Interchange

2003 ◽  
Vol 1858 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Gluck ◽  
Peter King
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
New York State ◽  
High Volume ◽  
York State Department ◽  
Traffic Operations ◽  
Access Management ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level

Alternatives for improving operations and safety at the complex urban Highbridge Interchange of the Cross Bronx Expressway (Interstate 95) and the Major Deegan Expressway (Interstate 87) in New York City are presented. These alternatives were developed as part of the Bronx Arterial Needs Major Investment Study (BAN MIS) that is being performed for the New York State Department of Transportation. The unusually high levels of congestion on Interstate 95 and Interstate 87 required a high level of analysis and alternatives development for this location. This interchange experiences high levels of delay and accident frequency for several reasons. The interchange incorporates two of the most heavily used Interstate highways in the city, and both of these have a high volume of trucks. It includes or is adjacent to other heavily used facilities, including park-ways, other expressways, and high-volume local arterials and the George Washington Bridge (a 14-lane facility). Finally, it is sited in a part of the western Bronx and northern Manhattan of New York City that is severely constrained by adjacent land uses, severe grades, and elevation changes. The BAN MIS is exploring a wide range of strategies in the vicinity of Highbridge Interchange to improve traffic operations and safety. Strategies applied basic principles of access management to reduce conflicts and eliminate weaving, to separate through from local movements, and to maintain a hierarchy of roads by function. These principles are applicable to other interchange projects to help in developing alternatives for improving traffic operations and safety.

scholarly journals Cumulative incidence and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in New York

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli S. Rosenberg ◽  
James M. Tesoriero ◽  
Elizabeth M. Rosenthal ◽  
Rakkoo Chung ◽  
Meredith A. Barranco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
York State

ABSTRACTImportanceNew York State (NYS) is an epicenter of the United States’ COVID-19 epidemic. Reliable estimates of cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population are critical to tracking the extent of transmission and informing policies, but US data are lacking, in part because societal closure complicates study conduct.ObjectiveTo estimate the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and percent of infections diagnosed in New York State, overall and by region, age, sex, and race and ethnicity.DesignStatewide cross-sectional seroprevalence study, conducted April 19-28, 2020.SettingGrocery stores (n=99) located in 26 counties throughout NYS, which were essential businesses that remained open during a period of societal closure and attract a heterogenous clientele.ParticipantsConvenience sample of patrons ≥18 years and residing in New York State, recruited consecutively upon entering stores and via an in-store flyer.ExposuresRegion (New York City, Westchester/Rockland, Long Island, Rest of New York State), age, sex, race and ethnicity.Main OutcomesPrimary outcome: cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, based on dry-blood spot (DBS) SARS-CoV-2 antibody reactivity; secondary outcome: percent of infections diagnosed.ResultsAmong 15,101 adults with suitable DBS specimens, 1,887 (12.5%) were reactive using a validated SARS-CoV-2 IgG microsphere immunoassay (sensitivity 87.9%, specificity 99.75%). Following post-stratification weighting on region, sex, age, and race and ethnicity and adjustment for assay characteristics, estimated cumulative incidence through March 29 was 14.0% (95% CI: 13.3-14.7%), corresponding to 2,139,300 (95% CI: 2,035,800-2,242,800) infection-experienced adults. Cumulative incidence was higher among Hispanic/Latino (29.2%, 95% CI: 27.2-31.2%), non-Hispanic black/African American (20.2% 95% CI, 18.1-22.3%), and non-Hispanic Asian (12.4%, 95% CI: 9.4-15.4%) adults than non-Hispanic white adults (8.1%, 95% CI: 7.4-8.7%, p<.0001). Cumulative incidence was highest in New York City (NYC) 22.7% (95% CI: 21.5%-24.0). Dividing diagnoses reported to NYS by estimated infection-experienced adults, an estimated 8.9% (95% CI: 8.4-9.3%) of infections were diagnosed, with those ≥55 years most likely to be diagnosed (11.3%, 95% CI: 10.4-12.2%).Conclusions and RelevanceOver 2 million adults were infected through late March 2020, with substantial variations by subpopulations. As this remains below herd immunity thresholds, monitoring, testing, and contact tracing remain essential public health strategies.

Driving Records of Methadone Maintenance Patients in New York State

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean V. Babst ◽  
Sanda Newman ◽  
Norman Gordon ◽  
Allan Warner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
New York State ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
York State Department ◽  
Automobile Insurance ◽  
York State ◽  
Driver's License

The driving records of methadone maintenance patients are examined for two main interrelated reasons: first, methadone maintenance is growing in use as a treatment modality for heroin addicts and acceptance of such patients into the mainstream of life is partially dependent upon the public's awareness of their ability to function normally and safely while medicated; and second, a key factor in employability, and hence, continuing rehabilitative improvement for many such patients, lies in obtaining a driver's license and automobile insurance. More than 1,500 patients admitted to the methadone maintenance program initiated by Drs. Dole and Nyswander were matched against the 11 million records in the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles files. The search, on an exact match basis, produced 448 patients with driving records. A sample of New York City regular male drivers in the same period (182 cases) was also drawn for comparison purposes. When a comparison was made within specific age groups, it was learned that the accident and conviction rates were about the same for methadone maintenance clients as for a sample of New York City male drivers within the same period. In addition, the clients' accident and conviction records were no more serious than the sample of regular drivers. The findings from this study are consistent with those from other related studies, which are discussed. This suggests that methadone maintenance clients should at least be given serious consideration in their efforts to obtain a driver's license or automobile insurance as they strive to support themselves.

Impact Assessment of Short-Term Work Zones on Intersection Capacity in New York City

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (15) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nawaf M. Alshabibi ◽  
Elena Prassas
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual

New York City infrastructure is one of the oldest transportation infrastructures in the United States. Local street construction and short-term work zones are almost continuously planned events that affect the movement of traffic on city streets by requiring the closing of one or more lanes at intersections throughout NYC, and it is important to understand the effect on capacity due to such work. This paper looks at the effect of short-term work zones on the capacity of signalized intersections in New York City. Data was collected at five locations in New York City, both during the work zone and then again after the work zone was removed. Over 25 hours of video data was collected and reduced. It was found that at all locations, the saturation headway was smaller during the work zone compared to after the work zone was removed, that is, the saturation flow rate per lane increased during the work zone. This was an unexpected result. A possible reason for this is the increased traffic pressure that drivers feel when a lane is closed. Thus, although overall approach capacity does decrease because a lane is closed, it did not decrease as much as expected. The field values are then compared with those from two other models: the Highway Capacity Manual model and a model developed by Schroeder et al. It was found that both models underestimate the capacity of the approach.

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