scholarly journals LB16. The Role of Adults in the Measles Outbreak in New York State Outside of New York City, 2018–2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S1000-S1000
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Dufort ◽  
Dylan Johns ◽  
Manisha Patel ◽  
Manisha Patel ◽  
Nina Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Material Support ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Collaborative Agreement

Abstract Background The United States is experiencing the largest measles outbreak since elimination was declared in 2000, with the majority of cases in NYS reported in undervaccinated communities. The objective of this evaluation was to describe adult measles cases in the NYS measles outbreak outside of New York City (NYC). Methods We included all confirmed cases aged ≥18 years in NYS residents (excluding NYC) during October 1, 2018–July 25, 2019 that met the CSTE measles case definition. We defined measles cases attributable to adults as the sum of measles cases among adults and children who contracted disease directly from adults. Results Among 371 confirmed measles cases, the median age was 5.5 years (range: 1 day to 64 years); 79 (21%) were in adults, 4 (5%) of whom were born before 1957 (3 unvaccinated and 1 with unknown vaccine status). Among the 75 cases born during or after 1957, 65 (87%) were unvaccinated or had unknown vaccine status, while 3 had one dose and 7 had 2 doses of measles vaccine. Notably, 5 of 11 internationally imported measles cases were adults, and all were unvaccinated or had unknown vaccine status. During the first month of the outbreak, 26 of the 51 (51%) cases were attributable to adults; of the 26, 15 (58%) were in adults and 11 (42%) were in children who acquired infection from adults (Figure 3). Conclusion The majority of measles cases occurred in unvaccinated children emphasizing the importance of ongoing and focused efforts on pediatric vaccination. However, measles cases in unvaccinated adults played an important role in both importations and disease transmission early in the outbreak. These data strongly support current recommendations of 1 dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR) for most adults and 2 doses of MMR for adults traveling internationally and at high-risk such as those in outbreak areas, as determined by local/state public health. Disclosures Kirsten St. George, MAppSc, PhD, Akonni Biosystems (Other Financial or Material Support), ThermoFisher (Grant/Research Support), Zeptometrix (Other Financial or Material Support, royalty generating collaborative agreement). .

scholarly journals A statewide analysis of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in New York

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Lasek-Nesselquist ◽  
Navjot Singh ◽  
Alexis Russell ◽  
Daryl Lamson ◽  
John Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
York State ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Westchester County

AbstractNew York State, in particular the New York City metropolitan area, was the early epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United States. Similar to initial pandemic dynamics in many metropolitan areas, multiple introductions from various locations appear to have contributed to the swell of positive cases. However, representation and analysis of samples from New York regions outside the greater New York City area were lacking, as were SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the earliest cases associated with the Westchester County outbreak, which represents the first outbreak recorded in New York State. The Wadsworth Center, the public health laboratory of New York State, sought to characterize the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 across the entire state of New York from March to September with the addition of over 600 genomes from under-sampled and previously unsampled New York counties and to more fully understand the breadth of the initial outbreak in Westchester County. Additional sequencing confirmed the dominance of B.1 and descendant lineages (collectively referred to as B.1.X) in New York State. Community structure, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic analyses suggested that the Westchester outbreak was associated with continued transmission of the virus throughout the state, even after travel restrictions and the on-pause measures of March, contributing to a substantial proportion of the B.1 transmission clusters as of September 30th, 2020.

Utilization of peritoneal dialysis in the United States: Reasons for underutilization, specifically in New York State and the boroughs of New York City

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
Ernie Yap ◽  
Marcia Joseph ◽  
Shuchita Sharma ◽  
Osama El Shamy ◽  
Alan D. Weinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
York City ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
York State

scholarly journals LB15. Measles Outbreak in New York State (NYS) Outside of New York City, 2018–2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S999-S1000
Author(s):  
Dina Hoefer ◽  
Patricia S Ruppert ◽  
Elizabeth Rausch-Phung ◽  
Elizabeth Dufort ◽  
Manisha Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
New York State ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Material Support

Abstract Background The United States is experiencing one of the largest and longest measles outbreaks since elimination was declared in 2000 and is at risk of losing this status. Most cases occurring in NYS were reported in undervaccinated communities. Methods We included all confirmed NYS measles cases (excluding NYC) from outbreak counties from October 1, 2018 to July 25, 2019. We used the CSTE measles case definition requiring an acute febrile rash illness and either laboratory confirmation or direct epidemiologic linkage to a lab-confirmed case. For each case, demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained. A medical record review was completed for those reported to have an encounter at a hospital, emergency department, or urgent care center. Results There were 371 cases of measles reported, including 11 internationally imported cases. Most occurred in Rockland county (n = 283); followed by Orange (n = 55), Westchester (n = 18), Sullivan (n = 14) and Greene (n = 1) (Figures 1 and 2). The median age was 5.5 years; 79% of all cases occurred among children younger than 18 years of age (Figure 3). Most cases (79%) had not received any doses of measles vaccine. Of the 371 cases, 263 (71%) were children who had received 0 doses of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR), 218 (83%) of whom were over 1 year of age (Table 1). There have been no deaths or documented cases of encephalitis. Twenty-eight (8%) patients were diagnosed with pneumonia and 25 (7%) patients were hospitalized. Among 17 hospitalized children, 5 (29%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (ages 1 day to 7 years). There were two preterm births at 34 and 25 weeks gestation to women with measles while pregnant. During October 1, 2018–July 31, 2019, providers in outbreak counties vaccinated 72,465 individuals with MMR, a 46% increase from the same period the year prior. Conclusion Unvaccinated children were identified as the largest group affected and experienced severe complications; nearly 30% of hospitalized children were admitted to an ICU. These data support the critical need for continued education and outreach on the risks of measles and the value of vaccination to prevent continued circulation in undervaccinated communities and potential further cases of severe disease. Disclosures Kirsten St. George, MAppSc, PhD, Akonni Biosystems (Other Financial or Material Support), ThermoFisher (Grant/Research Support), Zeptometrix (Other Financial or Material Support, royalty generating collaborative agreement); others, no disclosures reported..

The Effects of Youth Employment: Evidence from New York City Lotteries *

2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 423-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gelber ◽  
Adam Isen ◽  
Judd B. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Employment Program ◽  
Employment Programs

Abstract Programs to encourage labor market activity among youth, including public employment programs and wage subsidies like the Work Opportunity Tax Credit, can be supported by three broad rationales. They may (i) provide contemporaneous income support to participants; (ii) encourage work experience that improves future employment and/or educational outcomes of participants; and/or (iii) keep participants “out of trouble.” We study randomized lotteries for access to the New York City (NYC) Summer Youth Employment Program (SYEP), the largest summer youth employment program in the United States, by merging SYEP administrative data on 294,100 lottery participants to IRS data on the universe of U.S. tax records; to New York State administrative incarceration data; and to NYC administrative cause of death data. In assessing the three rationales, we find that (i) SYEP participation causes average earnings and the probability of employment to increase in the year of program participation, with modest contemporaneous crowdout of other earnings and employment; (ii) SYEP participation causes a modest decrease in average earnings for three years following the program and has no impact on college enrollment; and (iii) SYEP participation decreases the probability of incarceration and decreases the probability of mortality, which has important and potentially pivotal implications for analyzing the net benefits of the program.

scholarly journals The Politics of Inequality in the Face of Financial Crisis

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Isaac
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
New York State ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The United States ◽  
Daily News ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Queens College ◽  
The City

I entered college in September of 1975, a working class kid from Queens whose father, Hyman Isaac, was an unemployed linotype operator (I wonder how many of our younger readers even know what that is; it's a typesetter, a trade that no longer exists), and whose mother, Sylvia Isaac, was an office secretary. I thus enrolled at Queens College, the neighborhood school, part of the City University of New York which, in 1975, offered free tuition to all New York City high school graduates. A month later, on October 30, the New York Daily News carried one of the most famous newspaper headlines of the century: “Ford to the City: Drop Dead.” The Ford in question was Gerald Ford, the unelected President of the United States who had acceded to the office from the House of Representatives when first the Vice-President (Spiro Agnew) and then the President (Richard Nixon) resigned amid scandal and disgrace. And his “drop dead” to “the city”—New York City—was a strong declaration that the US government would not bail New York out of the severe fiscal crisis in which it was mired. That same autumn, the State of New York passed the New York State Financial Emergency Act of The City of New York, placing the city in receivership, under the fiscal control of a state-appointed Emergency Financial Control Board: EFCB. That acronym, and a second with which it was conjoined—MAC, or “Big MAC,” the Municipal Assistance Corporation, the bond authority led by Felix Rohatyn that became the veritable executive office of the city—is indelibly stamped on the psyches of all who lived in and around New York in those years. For me, a teenage college student, the most palpable effect of all of this was the abolition of tuition-free higher education in New York City in 1976—a sour note during that year's bicentennial celebration of American freedom.

scholarly journals Anthrax in the United States – summary of cases confirmed by CDC

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Control And Prevention

On the basis of a rigorous case definition (http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5041a1.htm), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta has reported 16 confirmed cases of anthrax: two in Florida, four in New York City, five in New Jersey, and five in Washington DC. CDC is also reporting four suspect cases: three in New York City and one in New Jersey. The table below summarises the numbers of cases reported by 30 October 2001 (6pm ET).

scholarly journals Cumulative incidence and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in New York

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli S. Rosenberg ◽  
James M. Tesoriero ◽  
Elizabeth M. Rosenthal ◽  
Rakkoo Chung ◽  
Meredith A. Barranco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
York State

ABSTRACTImportanceNew York State (NYS) is an epicenter of the United States’ COVID-19 epidemic. Reliable estimates of cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population are critical to tracking the extent of transmission and informing policies, but US data are lacking, in part because societal closure complicates study conduct.ObjectiveTo estimate the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and percent of infections diagnosed in New York State, overall and by region, age, sex, and race and ethnicity.DesignStatewide cross-sectional seroprevalence study, conducted April 19-28, 2020.SettingGrocery stores (n=99) located in 26 counties throughout NYS, which were essential businesses that remained open during a period of societal closure and attract a heterogenous clientele.ParticipantsConvenience sample of patrons ≥18 years and residing in New York State, recruited consecutively upon entering stores and via an in-store flyer.ExposuresRegion (New York City, Westchester/Rockland, Long Island, Rest of New York State), age, sex, race and ethnicity.Main OutcomesPrimary outcome: cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, based on dry-blood spot (DBS) SARS-CoV-2 antibody reactivity; secondary outcome: percent of infections diagnosed.ResultsAmong 15,101 adults with suitable DBS specimens, 1,887 (12.5%) were reactive using a validated SARS-CoV-2 IgG microsphere immunoassay (sensitivity 87.9%, specificity 99.75%). Following post-stratification weighting on region, sex, age, and race and ethnicity and adjustment for assay characteristics, estimated cumulative incidence through March 29 was 14.0% (95% CI: 13.3-14.7%), corresponding to 2,139,300 (95% CI: 2,035,800-2,242,800) infection-experienced adults. Cumulative incidence was higher among Hispanic/Latino (29.2%, 95% CI: 27.2-31.2%), non-Hispanic black/African American (20.2% 95% CI, 18.1-22.3%), and non-Hispanic Asian (12.4%, 95% CI: 9.4-15.4%) adults than non-Hispanic white adults (8.1%, 95% CI: 7.4-8.7%, p<.0001). Cumulative incidence was highest in New York City (NYC) 22.7% (95% CI: 21.5%-24.0). Dividing diagnoses reported to NYS by estimated infection-experienced adults, an estimated 8.9% (95% CI: 8.4-9.3%) of infections were diagnosed, with those ≥55 years most likely to be diagnosed (11.3%, 95% CI: 10.4-12.2%).Conclusions and RelevanceOver 2 million adults were infected through late March 2020, with substantial variations by subpopulations. As this remains below herd immunity thresholds, monitoring, testing, and contact tracing remain essential public health strategies.

scholarly journals A Survey of Labor and Delivery Practices in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 975-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Peña ◽  
Angela T. Bianco ◽  
Lynn L. Simpson ◽  
Peter S. Bernstein ◽  
Ashley S. Roman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labor And Delivery ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Recently, a novel coronavirus, precisely severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), that causes the disease novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a worldwide pandemic. Over a million cases have been confirmed in the United States. As of May 5, 2020, New York State has had over 300,000 cases and 24,000 deaths with more than half of the cases and deaths occurring in New York City (NYC). Little is known, however, of how this virus impacts pregnancy. Given this lack of data and the risk for severe disease in this relatively immunocompromised population, further understanding of the obstetrical management of COVID-19, as well as hospital level preparation for its control, is crucial. Guidance has come from expert opinion, professional societies and public health agencies, but to date, there is no report on how obstetrical practices have adapted these recommendations to their local situations. We therefore developed an internet-based survey to elucidate the practices put into place to guide the care of obstetrical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed obstetrical leaders in four academic medical centers in NYC who were implementing and testing protocols at the height of the pandemic. We found that all sites made changes to their practices, and that there appeared to be agreement with screening and testing for COVID-19, as well as labor and delivery protocols, for SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. We found less consensus with respect to inpatient antepartum fetal surveillance. We hope that this experience is useful to other centers as they formulate their plans to face this pandemic. Key Points

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Ambient Ozone, PM2.5, and Meteorological Factors on COVID-19 Confirmed Cases and Deaths in Queens, New York

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atin Adhikari ◽  
Jingjing Yin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
York City ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
York State Department ◽  
Short Term

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, has been rapidly increasing in the United States. Boroughs of New York City, including Queens county, turn out to be the epicenters of this infection. According to the data provided by the New York State Department of Health, most of the cases of new COVID-19 infections in New York City have been found in the Queens county where 42,023 people have tested positive, and 3221 people have died as of 20 April 2020. Person-to-person transmission and travels were implicated in the initial spread of the outbreaks, but factors related to the late phase of rapidly spreading outbreaks in March and April are still uncertain. A few previous studies have explored the links between air pollution and COVID-19 infections, but more data is needed to understand the effects of short-term exposures of air pollutants and meteorological factors on the spread of COVID-19 infections, particularly in the U.S. disease epicenters. In this study, we have focused on ozone and PM2.5, two major air pollutants in New York City, which were previously found to be associated with respiratory viral infections. The aim of our regression modeling was to explore the associations among ozone, PM2.5, daily meteorological variables (wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity, cloud percentages, and precipitation levels), and COVID-19 confirmed new cases and new deaths in Queens county, New York during March and April 2020. The results from these analyses showed that daily average temperature, daily maximum eight-hour ozone concentration, average relative humidity, and cloud percentages were significantly and positively associated with new confirmed cases related to COVID-19; none of these variables showed significant associations with new deaths related to COVID-19. The findings indicate that short-term exposures to ozone and other meteorological factors can influence COVID-19 transmission and initiation of the disease, but disease aggravation and mortality depend on other factors.

scholarly journals Transmission dynamics of and insights from the 2018–2019 measles outbreak in New York City: A modeling study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. eaaz4037
Author(s):  
Wan Yang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Measles Outbreak

In 2018–2019, New York City experienced the largest measles outbreak in the United States in nearly three decades. To identify key contributing factors, we modeled the transmission dynamics of this outbreak. Results indicate that delayed vaccination of 1- to 4-year-olds enabled the initial spread and that increased infectious contact, likely via “measles parties,” facilitated later transmission. We found that around half of infants were susceptible by age 1 and thus had many infections. Without the implemented vaccination campaigns, numbers of infections and hospitalizations could have been >10 times higher and would predominantly affect those under 4. These results suggest that a first vaccine dose before age 1 and the second dose before age 4 could allow parents to vaccinate and protect children more effectively should a high level of vaccine hesitancy persist. Enhanced public health education is needed to reduce activities that unnecessarily expose children to measles and other infections.

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