scholarly journals Exploring Vector-Borne Disease Surveillance and Response Systems in Beijing, China: A Qualitative Study from the Health System Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8512
Author(s):  
Jerome Lock-Wah-Hoon ◽  
Yang Zheng ◽  
Marieta Braks ◽  
Liselotte van Asten ◽  
Qiyong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Surveillance And Response ◽  
Vector Borne

Background: Climate change may contribute to higher incidence and wider geographic spread of vector borne diseases (VBDs). Effective monitoring and surveillance of VBDs is of paramount importance for the prevention of and timely response to outbreaks. Although international regulations exist to support this, barriers and operational challenges within countries hamper efficient monitoring. As a first step to optimise VBD surveillance and monitoring, it is important to gain a deeper understanding of system characteristics and experiences in to date non-endemic regions at risk of becoming endemic in the future. Therefore, this study qualitatively analyses the nature and flexibility of VBD surveillance and response in Beijing. Methods: In this qualitative study, eleven experts working in Beijing’s vector-borne diseases surveillance and response system were interviewed about vector-borne disease surveillance, early warning, response, and strengths and weaknesses of the current approach. Results: Vector-borne disease surveillance occurs using passive syndromic surveillance and separate vector surveillance. Public health authorities use internet reporting networks to determine vector-borne disease risk across Beijing. Response toward a vector-borne disease outbreak is uncommon in this setting due to the currently low occurrence of outbreaks. Conclusions: A robust network of centralised institutions provides the continuity and flexibility needed to adapt and manage possible vector-borne disease threats. Opportunities exist for population-based health promotion and the integration of environment and climate monitoring in vector-borne disease surveillance.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Public Health Threats Posed by Vector-Borne Disease in the United Kingdom (UK)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolyon Medlock ◽  
Kayleigh Hansford ◽  
Alexander Vaux ◽  
Ben Cull ◽  
Emma Gillingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Uk

In recent years, the known distribution of vector-borne diseases in Europe has changed, with much new information also available now on the status of vectors in the United Kingdom (UK). For example, in 2016, the UK reported their first detection of the non-native mosquito Aedes albopictus, which is a known vector for dengue and chikungunya virus. In 2010, Culex modestus, a principal mosquito vector for West Nile virus was detected in large numbers in the Thames estuary. For tick-borne diseases, data on the changing distribution of the Lyme borreliosis tick vector, Ixodes ricinus, has recently been published, at a time when there has been an increase in the numbers of reported human cases of Lyme disease. This paper brings together the latest surveillance data and pertinent research on vector-borne disease in the UK, and its relevance to public health. It highlights the need for continued vector surveillance systems to monitor our native mosquito and tick fauna, as well as the need to expand surveillance for invasive species. It illustrates the importance of maintaining surveillance capacity that is sufficient to ensure accurate and timely disease risk assessment to help mitigate the UK’s changing emerging infectious disease risks, especially in a time of climatic and environmental change and increasing global connectivity.

Air travel and vector-borne disease movement

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (14) ◽  
pp. 1816-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. TATEM ◽  
Z. HUANG ◽  
A. DAS ◽  
Q. QI ◽  
J. ROTH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYRecent decades have seen substantial expansions in the global air travel network and rapid increases in traffic volumes. The effects of this are well studied in terms of the spread of directly transmitted infections, but the role of air travel in the movement of vector-borne diseases is less well understood. Increasingly however, wider reaching surveillance for vector-borne diseases and our improving abilities to map the distributions of vectors and the diseases they carry, are providing opportunities to better our understanding of the impact of increasing air travel. Here we examine global trends in the continued expansion of air transport and its impact upon epidemiology. Novel malaria and chikungunya examples are presented, detailing how geospatial data in combination with information on air traffic can be used to predict the risks of vector-borne disease importation and establishment. Finally, we describe the development of an online tool, the Vector-Borne Disease Airline Importation Risk (VBD-Air) tool, which brings together spatial data on air traffic and vector-borne disease distributions to quantify the seasonally changing risks for importation to non-endemic regions. Such a framework provides the first steps towards an ultimate goal of adaptive management based on near real time flight data and vector-borne disease surveillance.

scholarly journals Vector-borne disease risk indexes in spatially structured populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. e0006234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Velázquez-Castro ◽  
Andrés Anzo-Hernández ◽  
Beatriz Bonilla-Capilla ◽  
Moisés Soto-Bajo ◽  
Andrés Fraguela-Collar
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations ◽  
Vector Borne

scholarly journals A comparative study on knowledge and perception of vector borne diseases among rural and urban population in Tamil Nadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2672
Author(s):  
Roselin V. ◽  
Srisanthanakrishnan V.
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Background: Vector-borne diseases (VBD) remain a major public health challenge, in India. Knowledge about VBD, social, demographic and environmental factors strongly influence the vector transmission and results in major outbreaks. Hence this study was conducted to assess knowledge and practice along with environmental conditions prevailing in both rural and urban areas.Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted in rural and urban field practice area of Sri Muthukumaran Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, during June 2018 to December 2018. A total of 472 participants with 236 participants from each urban and rural area were included. Data was collected using proforma and analysis was done using SPSS 16.Results: Knowledge about VBD like dengue was 63.6% and 76.7% among rural and urban population, respectively. Similarly malaria was known by knows 59.3% and 68.2% of rural and urban participants. Japanese Encephalitis was the least known mosquito borne disease in both the groups. (p=0.0136). Common breeding sites addressed by the rural population were artificial collected water (36.9%) and urban population was dirty water (42.8%).Conclusions: Knowledge and practice of preventing vector borne disease is still lacking among both rural and urban participants. Spreading knowledge about VBD is a part in effective vector borne disease control which can be achieved by community education alone rather than insecticides and sprays.

scholarly journals Understanding the effect of temperature on Bluetongue disease risk in livestock

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadoua El Moustaid ◽  
Zorian Thronton ◽  
Hani Slamani ◽  
Sadie J. Ryan ◽  
Leah R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Thermal Range ◽  
Vector Borne

AbstractThe transmission of vector-borne diseases is governed by complex factors including pathogen characteristics, vector-host interactions, and environmental conditions. Temperature is a major driver for many vector-borne diseases including Bluetongue viral (BTV) disease, a midge-borne febrile disease of ruminants, notably livestock, whose etiology ranges from mild or asymptomatic to rapidly fatal, thus threatening animal agriculture and the economy of affected countries. Using modeling tools, we seek to predict where transmission can occur based on suitable temperatures for BTV. We fit thermal performance curves to temperature sensitive midge life history traits, using a Bayesian approach. Then, we incorporated these into a new formula for the disease basic reproductive number, R0, to include trait responses, for two species of key midge vectors, Culicoides sonorensis and Culicoides variipennis. Our results show that outbreaks of BTV are more likely between 15°C and 33°C with predicted peak transmission at 26°C. The greatest uncertainty in R0 is associated with the uncertainty in: mortality and fecundity of midges near optimal temperature for transmission; midges’ probability of becoming infectious post infection at the lower edge of the thermal range; and the biting rate together with vector competence at the higher edge of the thermal range. We compare our R0 to two other R0 formulations and show that incorporating thermal curves into all three leads to similar BTV risk predictions. To demonstrate the utility of this model approach, we created global suitability maps indicating the areas at high and long-term risk of BTV transmission, to assess risk, and anticipate potential locations of establishment.

scholarly journals Defining ecological regions in Italy based on a multivariate clustering approach: A first step towards a targeted vector borne disease surveillance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e0219072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Ippoliti ◽  
Luca Candeloro ◽  
Marius Gilbert ◽  
Maria Goffredo ◽  
Giuseppe Mancini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Ecological Regions ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Multivariate Clustering

scholarly journals Advancing the Science of Tick and Tick-Borne Disease Surveillance in the United States

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Wisely ◽  
Gregory Glass
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Centers Of Excellence ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne

Globally, vector-borne diseases are an increasing public health burden; in the United States, tick-borne diseases have tripled in the last three years. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recognizes the need for resilience to the increasing vector-borne disease burden and has called for increased partnerships and sustained networks to identify and respond to the most pressing challenges that face vector-borne disease management, including increased surveillance. To increase applied research, develop communities of practice, and enhance workforce development, the CDC has created five regional Centers of Excellence in Vector-borne Disease. These Centers are a partnership of public health agencies, vector control groups, academic institutions, and industries. This special issue on tick and tick-borne disease surveillance is a collection of research articles on multiple aspects of surveillance from authors that are affiliated with or funded by the CDC Centers of Excellence. This body of work illustrates a community-based system of research by which participants share common problems and use integrated methodologies to produce outputs and effect outcomes that benefit human, animal and environmental health.

scholarly journals Mosquito diversity and dog heartworm prevalence in suburban areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith R. Spence Beaulieu ◽  
Jennifer L. Federico ◽  
Michael H. Reiskind
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Wake County

Abstract Background Urbanization is occurring rapidly on a global scale and is altering mosquito communities, creating assemblages that are characteristically less diverse. Despite high rates of urbanization and ample examples of vector-borne diseases transmitted by multiple species, the effects of urbanization-driven mosquito diversity losses on disease transmission has not been well explored. We investigated this question using the dog heartworm, a filarial parasite vectored by numerous mosquito species. Methods We trapped host-seeking mosquitoes in undeveloped areas and neighborhoods of different ages in Wake County, North Carolina, USA, analyzing captured mosquitoes for heartworm DNA. We compared within-mosquito heartworm infection across land-use types by Kruskal–Wallis and likelihood ratio tests. Using zip code level data acquired from dogs in a local shelter, we performed linear regressions of within-host heartworm prevalence by within-mosquito heartworm prevalence as well as by three mosquito diversity measures. We also determined the best predictor of host-level prevalence among models including within-mosquito infection, mosquito diversity and abundance, and socioeconomic status as variables. Results Suburban areas had lower within-mosquito heartworm prevalence and lower likelihood of heartworm-positive mosquitoes than did undeveloped field sites, although no differences were seen between suburban and undeveloped wooded sites. No relationships were noted between within-mosquito and within-host heartworm prevalence. However, mosquito diversity metrics were positively correlated with host heartworm prevalence. Model selection revealed within-host prevalence was best predicted by a positive relationship with mosquito Shannon–Wiener diversity and a negative relationship with household income. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that decreases in mosquito diversity due to urbanization alter vector-borne disease risk. With regard to dog heartworm disease, this loss of mosquito diversity is associated with decreased heartworm prevalence within both the vector and the host. Although the response is likely different for diseases transmitted by one or few species, mosquito diversity losses leading to decreased transmission could be generalizable to other pathogens with multiple vectors. This study contributes to better understanding of the effects of urbanization and the role of vector diversity in multi-vectored pathosystems.

scholarly journals Epidemics of Vector-borne Diseases Observed in Infectious Disease Surveillance in Japan, 2000-2005

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (Supplement_I) ◽  
pp. S48-S55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji Hashimoto ◽  
Miyuki Kawado ◽  
Yoshitaka Murakami ◽  
Michiko Izumida ◽  
Akiko Ohta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Infectious Disease Surveillance ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

scholarly journals Time to Micromanage the Pathogen-Host-Vector Interface: Considerations for Vaccine Development

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Manning ◽  
Tineke Cantaert
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Current Increase ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Added Benefit ◽  
Vector Borne

The current increase in vector-borne disease worldwide necessitates novel approaches to vaccine development targeted to pathogens delivered by blood-feeding arthropod vectors into the host skin. A concept that is gaining traction in recent years is the contribution of the vector or vector-derived components, like salivary proteins, to host-pathogen interactions. Indeed, the triad of vector-host-pathogen interactions in the skin microenvironment can influence host innate and adaptive responses alike, providing an advantage to the pathogen to establish infection. A better understanding of this “bite site” microenvironment, along with how host and vector local microbiomes immunomodulate responses to pathogens, is required for future vaccines for vector-borne diseases. Microneedle administration of such vaccines may more closely mimic vector deposition of pathogen and saliva into the skin with the added benefit of near painless vaccine delivery. Focusing on the ‘micro’–from microenvironments to microbiomes to microneedles–may yield an improved generation of vector-borne disease vaccines in today’s increasingly complex world.

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