Indigenous Peoples, Exclusion and Precarious Work: Design of Strategies to Address Poverty in Indigenous and Peasant Populations in Ecuador through the SWOT-AHP Methodology

This research analysed the options that, following decent employment and the social economy, can allow the human development of poor, excluded and vulnerable indigenous populations in Ecuador. A set of strategies were developed which can be implemented by public authorities and by community organisations. They were designed from two types of expert consultations: the Delphi method and the analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) combined with Analytic Hierarchy Process method (AHP) for hierarchizing the criteria collected and obtaining strategies. The proposed strategies are as follows: adopting appropriate legal frameworks, respecting peoples’ rights, better distribution of public resources, implementing monitoring systems, developing solidarity markets and recognizing the participation of the poor as a subject of rights. This investigation revealed differences between the state, which identifies the poor with monetary indicators, and the indigenous peoples, who see it as the lack of community links, by conceiving the poor as a beneficiary of official assistance, despite the fact that a strong community and peasant organisation could be used. The value of an economy based on reciprocity and confidence was also recognized, identifying niches of production and consumption to create partnerships and ensure the participation of indigenous peoples in decision-making areas.

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What’s yours is mine and what’s mine is mine? Re-thinking intellectual property and research ethics from the experience of the Purhépecha community of Cherán

Oñati Socio-legal Series ◽

10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 6-34

Author(s):

Lucero Ibarra Rojas ◽

Ezequiel Escobedo Osorio

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Property ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Cultural Policy ◽

Continuous Process ◽

Cultural Rights ◽

The Social ◽

Indigenous Perspectives ◽

Wide Group ◽

Legal Frameworks ◽

Collaborative Methodology

Intellectual property and cultural policy are essential to the practice of cultural rights, however, in both legal frameworks, indigenous peoples have often found that the state has little consideration for their voices and their world views. In contrast, though no more representative of indigenous perspectives, the social sciences, while engaging with indigenous voices, have often treated them as a source to be appropriated with disregard of their rights and agency. Through an activist and collaborative methodology that includes the concerns of a wide group of indigenous and non-indigenous persons, this article explores how the oral history project of the Fogata Kejtsitani in the Purhépecha community of Cherán, México, contributes to discussions on the appropriation and dissemination of culture. This community has managed the recognition of their right to autonomy, and in so doing, has founded a continuous process of law creation, on which Kejtsitani takes part. La propiedad intelectual y la política cultural son esenciales para la práctica de derechos culturales, sin embargo, en ambos marcos jurídicos los pueblos indígenas frecuentemente han encontrado que el Estado tiene poca consideración por sus voces y cosmovisiones. En contraste, aunque sin ser más representativo de las perspectivas indígenas, las ciencias sociales que se han relacionado con voces indígenas, frecuentemente las han tratado como una fuente para ser apropiada, descartando sus derechos y agencia. A través de una metodología activista y colaborativa que incluye las inquietudes de un amplio grupo de personas indígenas y no-indígenas, este artículo explora cómo el proyecto de historia oral de la Fogata Kejtsitani en la comunidad Purhépecha de Cherán, México, contribuye a las discusiones sobre la apropiación y diseminación de la cultura. Esta comunidad ha logrado el reconocimiento de su derecho de autonomía y, al hacerlo, ha fundado un proceso continuo de creación de derecho del cual Kejtsitani también forma parte.

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The missing voices of Indigenous Australians in the social, cultural and historical experiences of tuberculosis: a systematic and integrative review

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001794 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. e001794 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sue Devlin ◽

David MacLaren ◽

Peter D Massey ◽

Richard Widders ◽

Jenni A Judd

Keyword(s):

Social Determinants Of Health ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Indigenous Health ◽

Social Determinant ◽

Determinants Of Health ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

Indigenous Australians ◽

The Social ◽

Biomedical Diagnosis

IntroductionDisparities in tuberculosis (TB) rates exist between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations in many countries, including Australia. The social determinants of health are central to health inequities including disparities in TB rates. There are limitations in the dominant biomedical and epidemiological approaches to representing, understanding and addressing the unequal burden of TB for Indigenous peoples represented in the literature. This paper applies a social determinants of health approach and examines the structural, programmatic and historical causes of inequities for TB in Indigenous Australia.MethodsAboriginal Australians’ families in northern New South Wales who are affected by TB initiated this investigation. A systematic search of published literature was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus and Informit ATSIhealth databases, the Australian Indigenous Health, InfoNet and Google. Ninety-five records published between 1885 and 2019 were categorised and graphed over time, inductively coded and thematically analysed.ResultsIndigenous Australians’ voices are scarce in the TB literature and absent in the development of TB policies and programmes. Epidemiological reports are descriptive and technical and avoid analysis of social processes involved in the perpetuation of TB. For Indigenous Australians, TB is more than a biomedical diagnosis and treatment; it is a consequence of European invasion and a contributor to dispossession and the ongoing fight for justice. The introduction and spread of TB has resulted in the stealing of lives, family, community and cultures for Indigenous Australians. Racist policies and practices predominate in the experiences of individuals and families as consequences of, and resulting in, ongoing structural and systematic exclusion.ConclusionDevelopment of TB policies and programmes requires reconfiguration. Space must be given for Indigenous Australians to lead, be partners and to have ownership of decisions about how to eliminate TB. Shared knowledge between Indigenous Australians, policy makers and service managers of the social practices and structures that generate TB disparity for Indigenous Australians is essential.A social determinant of health approach will shift the focus to the social structures that cause TB. Collaboration with Indigenous partners in research is critical, and use of methods that amplify Indigenous peoples' voices and reconfigure power relations in favour of Indigenous Australians in the process is required.

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BW-MaxEnt: A Novel MCDM Method for Limited Knowledge

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math9141587 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (14) ◽

pp. 1587

Author(s):

Xiao-Kang Wang ◽

Wen-Hui Hou ◽

Chao Song ◽

Min-Hui Deng ◽

Yong-Yi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Economy ◽

Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽

Optimal Solution ◽

Entropy Method ◽

Analytic Hierarchy ◽

Comparison System ◽

The Social ◽

Comparison Time ◽

Mcdm Method ◽

Time And Energy

With the development of the social economy and an enlarged volume of information, the application of multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) has become increasingly wide and deep. As a brilliant MCDM technique, the best–worst method (BWM) has attracted many scholars’ attention because it can determine the weights of criteria with less comparison time and higher consistency between judgments than analytic hierarchy process. However, the effectiveness of the BWM is based on complete comparison information among criteria. Considering the fact that the decision makers may have limited time and energy to study all criteria, they cannot construct a complete comparison system. In this paper, we propose a novel MCDM method named BW-MaxEnt that combines BWM and the maximum entropy method (MaxEnt) to identify the weights of unfamiliar criteria with incomplete decision information. The model can be translated into a convex optimization problem that can be solved effectively and has an overall optimal solution. Finally, a practical application concerning the procurement of GPU workstations illustrates the feasibility of the proposed BW-MaxEnt method.

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Reimagining Indigenous spaces of healing: Institutional environmental repossession

Turtle Island Journal of Indigenous Health ◽

10.33137/tijih.v1i1.34239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 27-36

Author(s):

Vanessa Ambtman-Smith ◽

Chantelle Richmond

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Knowledge ◽

Indigenous People ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Well Being ◽

Knowledge Systems ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

Urban Hospital ◽

The Social ◽

Health And Healing

Among the global Indigenous population, concepts of health and healthy living are wholistically intertwined within social, physical, natural, and spiritual systems. On-going processes of colonization and experiences of environmental dispossession have had the effect of removing Indigenous peoples from the lands, people and knowledge systems that have traditionally promoted their health. In 2014, Big-Canoe and Richmond introduced the idea of environmental repossession. This concept refers to the social, economic, and cultural processes Indigenous people are engaging in to reconnect with their traditional lands and territories, the wider goal being to assert their rights as Indigenous people and to improve their health and well-being. As Indigenous mothers, both who live in urban centres “away” from our families and traditional lands and knowledge systems, we engage with this conceptual model as a hopeful way to reimagine relationships to land, family, and knowledge. We embrace the concept of environmental repossession, and its key elements – land, social relationships, Indigenous knowledge – as a framework for promoting health and healing spaces among those who live “away” from their traditional territory. Drawing on three examples, an urban hospital, a university food and medicine garden, and a men’s prison, we suggest that these spaces do indeed offer important structural proxies for land, social relationships, and Indigenous knowledge, and can be important healing spaces. With increasingly urbanizing Indigenous populations in Canada, and around the world, these findings are important for the development of healing places for Indigenous peoples, regardless of where they live.

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Institutional aspects of the social enterprises’ sector development (case for Poland and Ukraine)

Geopolitics under Globalization ◽

10.21511/gg.01(1).2017.03 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 17-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Oleksandr Lyakh

Keyword(s):

Social Economy ◽

Social Enterprises ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

The Social ◽

Wide Range ◽

Policy Measures ◽

Institutional Aspects ◽

Work Integration ◽

Legal Frameworks

The potential contribution of social enterprises to work integration, job creation, and service delivery remains largely unrealized both in Poland and Ukraine. This paper focuses on the analysis of the role of social economy and social enterprises sector in providing employment opportunities and wide range of services for group of interest. One of the major obstacles to the discussion and study of the topic is the lack of a clear and concise definition. It is requiring investigating evolution of social enterprise as a concept and as a sector of the Polish and Ukrainian economies. Institutional aspects and legal frameworks are considered in order to define the appropriate eco-system for social enterprises sector support and fostering. Attention was also paid to frame of the policy for social enterprises support and ongoing decentralization of public authority that is allowing to clarify what level of authority should be responsible for concrete policy measures elaborating.

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Pest Plant Score of Alien Robinia Pseudoacacia in Rīga (Latvia) and Kaunas (Lithuania) / Svešzemju Sugas Robinia Pseudoacacia Invazitātes Novērtējums Rīgā (Latvija) Un Kauņā (Lietuva)

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.1515/prolas-2015-0016 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 112-119

Author(s):

Lina Straigytė ◽

Gunta Čekstere ◽

Māris Laiviņš ◽

Vitas Marozas

Keyword(s):

Black Locust ◽

Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Analytic Hierarchy ◽

Prioritization Process ◽

The Social ◽

Social Environmental ◽

Analytic Hierarchy Process Method ◽

Hierarchy Process ◽

Process Method

Abstract Robinia pseudoacacia is an alien tree species that has wide distribution in green areas of Rīga and Kaunas. In recent years, the spread and invasion of this species was observed. The aim of this study was to determine the relative importance of invasiveness of R. pseudoacacia in Rīga and Kaunas. The degree of species invasion was estimated by applying the Pest Plant Prioritization Process, which is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process method. The results showed that the invasive degree of R. pseudoacacia was near medium (0.4); the present compared to potential distribution rating was medium (0.57) and the social, environmental and economic impact score was very low (0.17). The Final Pest Plant Score for R. pseudoacacia was near medium (0.426). The obtained estimates indicated that black locust was medium invasive, and that well-lit conditions favour its establishment.

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The Development of Legislation on the Social Economy in Continental Western Europe

Resources ◽

10.3390/resources8030154 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 154 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Antonio José Macías Ruano ◽

José Ramos Pires Manso

Keyword(s):

Western Europe ◽

Local Development ◽

Social Economy ◽

Legal Framework ◽

The European Union ◽

The Social ◽

Legal Forms ◽

Legal Frameworks ◽

Under Construction

One of the main instruments for local development is the regulatory legal framework of the so-called Social Economy, a term and concept that is yet to be fully defined. The society’s approach to the generation of wealth encompasses different concepts, movements, approaches, and ways of acting, all of which pose a challenge to the determination of a precise definition. Within the European Union (E.U.), a common legislative base has been developed, although the specific legislation developed by each Member State has been uneven. The legislation may have started from the same common principles, but each country has adopted different legal forms. This work aims to outline the diverse ways of legislating on a concept that is still under construction and within similar legal frameworks, illustrating the lack of harmony between European states that, despite the sharing of borders and having common legislative foundations, distance themselves in the final legislation, a situation that does not benefit the economic unity of entrepreneurs with social principles.

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Mechanism and Effect of Shantytown Reconstruction under Balanced and Full Development: A Case Study of Nanjing, China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12197979 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 7979

Author(s):

Yaqi Yuan ◽

Weixuan Song

Keyword(s):

Social Space ◽

Central Government ◽

Social Economy ◽

Poor People ◽

Driving Mechanism ◽

The Poor ◽

The Social ◽

Urban Function ◽

Policy Optimization ◽

Residential Space

Shantytown is a type of urban residential space with a long history in populated areas; it is a negative and stark space with a gradual decline in function and poverty. It is also a concentrated reflection of an unbalanced and inadequate development of the urban social space, which restricts the development of a high-quality and sustainable social economy. Taking shantytown reconstruction in Nanjing as an example, based on the information of 434 shantytown plots dating from 2008 to 2020, it combines the two typical cases of state-owned land: Xijie and collective land—Nanhe, and the questionnaire data regarding the removal and resettlement of residents, the driving mechanism and the effect of social space reconstruction of shantytown. Reconstruction is mainly discussed based on the overall understanding of the space–time characteristics of shantytown reconstruction in Nanjing. It is found that the top-down policy which transfer from the central government to the local government, the value orientation of urban growth alliance in pursuit of asset appreciation, and the interest demands and game attitude of shantytown residents from the bottom up are all important forces to promote shantytown reconstruction. Shantytown reconstruction plays a key role in improving the housing conditions of residents; it fully taps on the potential land value, thus enhancing the urban function and quality. However, the gentrification reconstruction of the original shantytown space, and the centralized resettlement of the poor groups in the urban fringes, have led to an unbalanced development of the new urban social space, with an insufficient guarantee for the removal and resettlement groups. In view of the social space problems caused by the poor people living in the outer suburbs, this paper puts forward some recommendations on policy optimization and plan adjustment of shantytown reconstruction.

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"Imagens construtoras de nação: Rugendas e seus desenhos sobre indígenas no Brasil e na Argentina"

ILUMINURAS ◽

10.22456/1984-1191.72875 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (43) ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Roca

Keyword(s):

Social Work ◽

Indigenous People ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

21St Century ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

Political Consequences ◽

The Social

Este trabalho identifica e analisa as imagens ‘nacionalizadas’ sobre os índios dos atuais territórios brasileiros e argentinos, a partir de dois conjuntos iconográficos elaborados pelo artista-viajante alemão Johann Moritz Rugendas em ambos os países: as 16 litografias sobre os indígenas reunidas no seu álbum Viagem Pitoresca através do Brasil e as 25 ilustrações vinculadas ao poema La Cautiva, do escritor romântico argentino Esteban Echeverría. Comparando ambos os conjuntos, demonstro que os contextos e as redes sociais do artista lhe deram a oportunidade de ‘ver’ o que ‘se podia’ pintar. A análise oferece ferramentas centrais para refletir sobre as políticas visuais envolvidas na construção e divulgação das representações sobre os indígenas no Brasil e na Argentina durante os séculos XIX, XX e XXI, demonstrando-se aqui o trabalho social dessas imagens e suas penetrantes consequências políticas até os nossos dias.Palavras-chave: Imagens sobre os indígenas. Rugendas. Brasil. Argentina. Políticas visuais.Nation building images: Rugendas and his drawings of Brazilian and Argentinian indigenous peoplesAbstractThis text identifies and analyses ‘nationalized’ images of Indigenous populations from contemporary Brazilian and Argentinean territories. The analysis is centered on two iconographic sets authored by the German artist traveller Johann Moritz Rugendas (1802-1858): the 16 lithographs gathered in his album Picturesque Travel through Brazil and the 25 drawings illustrating the poem The Captive, written by the Argentinean romantic writer Esteban Echeverría. Comparing both sets of images, I argue that the artist’s contexts and social relationships, framed what there was ‘to see’ and what could be ‘painted’. This analysis offers central resources to understand visual policies involved in the processes of construction and dissemination of images of indigenous peoples in Brazil and Argentina during the 19th, the 20th, and the 21st century, demonstrating the social work of these images and its resilient political consequences until the present.Key words: Images about indigenous people. Rugendas. Brazil. Argentina. Visual policies.

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Adopting a Rights-based Approach to Non-communicable Diseases among Indigenous Peoples in Africa

International Journal on Minority and Group Rights ◽

10.1163/15718115-02601001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 138-155

Author(s):

Ebenezer Durojaye ◽

Mariam Wallet Med Aboubakrine

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Indigenous Groups ◽

The Social ◽

Rising Incidence ◽

The Right ◽

Human Rights Standards

This article examines non-communicable diseases (ncds) as a challenge among indigenous population in Africa. From a rights-based perspective, the article considers some of the social determinants of health and other challenges that can aggravate ncds among indigenous groups in Africa. It further examines the recognition of the right to health of indigenous populations under international law. This is followed by a discussion on some of the barriers to addressing ncds among indigenous peoples in the region. It concludes by urging African governments to be more proactive in adopting measures grounded in human rights standards to address the rising incidence of ncds among indigenous peoples in the region.

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