Indoor Cycling Energy Expenditure: Does Sequence Matter?

Although cycling class intensity can be modified by changing interval intensity sequencing, it has not been established whether the intensity order can alter physiological and perceptual responses. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of interval intensity sequencing on energy expenditure (EE), physiological markers, and perceptual responses during indoor cycling. Healthy volunteers (10 males = 20.0 ± 0.8years; 8 females = 21.3 ± 2.7years) completed three randomly ordered interval bouts (mixed pyramid—MP, ascending intervals—AI, descending intervals—DI) including three 3-min work bouts at 50%, 75%, and 100% of peak power output (PPO) and three 3-min recovery periods at 25% PPO. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were expressed as percentages of maximal HR (%HRmax) and VO2 (%VO2max). EE was computed for both the work bout and for the 5-min recovery period. Session Rating of Perceived Exertion (sRPE) and Exercise Enjoyment Scale (EES) were recorded. No differences emerged for % HRmax (MP = 73.3 ± 6.1%; AI = 72.1 ± 4.9%; DI = 71.8 ± 4.5%), % VO2max (MP = 51.8 ± 4.6%; AI = 51.4 ± 3.9%; DI = 51.3 ± 4.5%), EE (MP = 277.5 ± 39.9 kcal; AI = 275.8 ± 39.4 kcal; DI = 274.9 ± 42.1 kcal), EES (MP = 4.9 ± 1.0; AI = 5.3 ± 1.1; DI = 4.9 ± 0.9), and sRPE (MP = 4.9 ± 1.0; AI = 5.3 ± 1.1; DI = 4.9 ± 0.9). EE during recovery was significantly (p < 0.005) lower after DI (11.9 ± 3.2 kcal) with respect to MP (13.2 ± 2.5 kcal) and AI (13.3 ± 2.5 kcal). Although lower EE was observed during recovery in DI, interval intensity sequencing does not affect overall EE, physiological markers, and perceptual responses.

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High tempo music prolongs high intensity exercise

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6164 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e6164 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Meaghan E. Maddigan ◽

Kathleen M. Sullivan ◽

Israel Halperin ◽

Fabien A. Basset ◽

David G. Behm

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Peak Power ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Breathing Frequency ◽

Post Exercise ◽

End Point ◽

Exercise Enjoyment

Music has been shown to reduce rating of perceived exertion, increase exercise enjoyment and enhance exercise performance, mainly in low-moderate intensity exercises. However, the effects of music are less conclusive with high-intensity activities. The purpose of this with-participant design study was to compare the effects of high tempo music (130 bpm) to a no-music condition during repeated high intensity cycling bouts (80% of peak power output (PPO)) on the following measures: time to exercise end-point, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), breathing frequency, ventilatory kinetics and blood lactate (BL). Under the music condition, participants exercised 10.7% longer (p = 0.035; Effect size (ES) = 0.28) (increase of 1 min) and had higher HR (4%; p = 0.043; ES = 0.25), breathing frequency (11.6%; p < 0.001; ES = 0.57), and RER (7% at TTF; p = 0.021; ES = 1.1) during exercise, as measured at the exercise end-point. Trivial differences were observed between conditions in RPE and other ventilatory kinetics during exercise. Interestingly, 5 min post-exercise termination, HR recovery was 13.0% faster following the music condition (p < 0.05) despite that music was not played during this period. These results strengthen the notion that music can alter the association between central motor drive, central cardiovascular command and perceived exertion, and contribute to prolonged exercise durations at higher intensities along with a quicken HR recovery.

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High tempo music prolongs high intensity exercise

10.7287/peerj.preprints.27048v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Meaghan Maddigan ◽

Kathleen M Sullivan ◽

Fabien A Basset ◽

Israel Halperin ◽

David G Behm

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Peak Power ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Exercise Duration ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Motor Drive ◽

Breathing Frequency ◽

Exercise Enjoyment

Music has been shown to reduce rating of perceived exertion, increase exercise enjoyment and enhance exercise performance, mainly in low-moderate intensity exercises. However, the effects of music are less conclusive with high-intensity activities. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high tempo music (130 bpm) to a no-music condition during repeated high intensity cycling bouts (80% of peak power output (PPO)) on the following measures: time to task failure (TTF), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), breathing frequency, ventilatory kinetics and blood lactate (BL). Under the music condition, participants exercised 10.7% longer (p = 0.035; Effect size (ES)= 0.28) (increase of one minute) and had higher HR (4%; p= 0.043; ES= 0.25), breathing frequency (11.6%; p= 0.0006; ES= 0.57), and RER (7% at TTF; p= 0.021; ES=1 .1) during exercise. Trivial differences were observed between conditions in RPE and other ventilatory kinetics during exercise. Interestingly, HR recovery was 13.0% faster following the music condition (p< 0.05). These results strengthen the notion that music can alter the association between central motor drive, central cardiovascular command and perceived exertion, and contribute to prolonged exercise duration at higher intensities along with a quicken HR recovery.

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Peer presence increases session ratings of perceived exertion

10.31236/osf.io/d72ty ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Geoffrey M Minett ◽

Valentin Fels-Camilleri ◽

Joshua J Bon ◽

Franco Milko Impellizzeri ◽

David N Borg

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Power Output ◽

Peak Power ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Design Method ◽

Credible Interval ◽

Training Group ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Group Setting

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of peer presence on the session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses. Design: Within-participant design. Method: Fourteen males, with mean (standard deviation) age 22.4 (3.9) years, peak oxygen uptake 48.0 (6.6) mL·kg-1·min-1 and peak power output 330 (44) W, completed an incremental cycling test and three identical experimental sessions, in groups of four or five. Experimental sessions involved 24 min of cycling, whereby the work rate alternated between 40% and 70% peak power output every 3 min. During cycling, heart rate was collected every 3 min, and session-RPE was recorded 10 min after cycling, in three communication contexts: in written form unaccompanied (intrapersonal communication); verbally by the researcher only (interpersonal communication); and in the presence of the training group. Session-RPE was analysed using ordinal regression and heart rate using a linear mixed-effects model, with models fit in a Bayesian framework. Results: Session-RPE was voted higher when collected in the group's presence compared to when written (odds ratio = 5.3, 95% credible interval = 1.6 to 17.6). On average, the posterior probability that session-RPE was higher in the group setting than when written was 0.57. Session-RPE was not different between the group and verbal, or verbal and written collection contexts. Conclusions: This study suggests contextual psychosocial inputs influence session-RPE, and highlights the importance of session-RPE users controlling the measurement environment when collecting votes.

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Peer Presence Increases Session Ratings of Perceived Exertion

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2021-0080 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Geoffrey M. Minett ◽

Valentin Fels-Camilleri ◽

Joshua J. Bon ◽

Franco M. Impellizzeri ◽

David N. Borg

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Power Output ◽

Peak Power ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Credible Interval ◽

Training Group ◽

Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Group Setting

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of peer presence on session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses. Method: Fourteen males, with mean (SD) age 22.4 (3.9) years, peak oxygen uptake 48.0 (6.6) mL·kg−1·min−1, and peak power output 330 (44) W, completed an incremental cycling test and 3 identical experimental sessions, in groups of 4 or 5. Experimental sessions involved 24 minutes of cycling, whereby the work rate alternated between 40% and 70% peak power output every 3 minutes. During cycling, heart rate was collected every 3 minutes, and session-RPE was recorded 10 minutes after cycling, in 3 communication contexts: in written form unaccompanied (intrapersonal communication), verbally by the researcher only (interpersonal communication), and in the presence of the training group. Session-RPE was analyzed using ordinal regression and heart rate using a linear mixed-effects model, with models fit in a Bayesian framework. Results: Session-RPE was voted higher when collected in the group’s presence compared with when written (odds ratio = 4.26, 95% credible interval = 1.27–14.73). On average, the posterior probability that session-RPE was higher in the group setting than when written was .53. Session-RPE was not different between the group and verbal, or verbal and written collection contexts. Conclusions: This study suggests that contextual psychosocial inputs influence session-RPE and highlights the importance of session-RPE users controlling the measurement environment when collecting votes.

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High tempo music prolongs high intensity exercise

10.7287/peerj.preprints.27048 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Meaghan Maddigan ◽

Kathleen M Sullivan ◽

Fabien A Basset ◽

Israel Halperin ◽

David G Behm

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Peak Power ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Exercise Duration ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Motor Drive ◽

Breathing Frequency ◽

Exercise Enjoyment

Music has been shown to reduce rating of perceived exertion, increase exercise enjoyment and enhance exercise performance, mainly in low-moderate intensity exercises. However, the effects of music are less conclusive with high-intensity activities. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high tempo music (130 bpm) to a no-music condition during repeated high intensity cycling bouts (80% of peak power output (PPO)) on the following measures: time to task failure (TTF), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), breathing frequency, ventilatory kinetics and blood lactate (BL). Under the music condition, participants exercised 10.7% longer (p = 0.035; Effect size (ES)= 0.28) (increase of one minute) and had higher HR (4%; p= 0.043; ES= 0.25), breathing frequency (11.6%; p= 0.0006; ES= 0.57), and RER (7% at TTF; p= 0.021; ES=1 .1) during exercise. Trivial differences were observed between conditions in RPE and other ventilatory kinetics during exercise. Interestingly, HR recovery was 13.0% faster following the music condition (p< 0.05). These results strengthen the notion that music can alter the association between central motor drive, central cardiovascular command and perceived exertion, and contribute to prolonged exercise duration at higher intensities along with a quicken HR recovery.

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Exercise Prescription Using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion to Improve Fitness

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0043-120761 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (02) ◽

pp. 115-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Manuel Garnacho-Castaño ◽

Raúl Domínguez ◽

Arturo Muñoz González ◽

Raquel Feliu-Ruano ◽

Noemí Serra-Payá ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Peak Power ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Exercise Prescription ◽

Time Effect ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Muscular Fitness ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Circuit Resistance Training ◽

Circuit Resistance

AbstractThe present study aimed to compare two fitness-training methodologies, instability circuit resistance training (ICRT) versus traditional circuit resistance training (TCRT), applying an experimental model of exercise prescription controlling and modulating exercise load using the Borg rating of perceived exertion. Forty-four healthy young adults age (21.6±2.3 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: TCRT (n=14), ICRT (n=14) and a control group (n=16). Strength and cardiorespiratory tests were chosen to evaluate cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness before and after the training program. In cardiorespiratory data, a significant difference was observed for the time effect in VO2max, peak heart rate, peak velocity, and heart rate at anaerobic threshold intensity (p<0.05) in the experimental groups. In strength variables, a significant Group x Time interaction effect was detected in 1RM, in mean propulsive power, and in peak power (p≤0.01) in the back squat exercise. In the bench press exercise, a significant time effect was detected in 1RM, in mean propulsive power, and in peak power, and a Group x Time interaction in peak power (all p<0.05). We can conclude that applying an experimental model of exercise prescription using RPE improved cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in healthy young adults in both experimental groups.

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Lactate, Heart Rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion Responses to Shorter and Longer Duration CrossFit® Training Sessions

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk3040060 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 60 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ramires Tibana ◽

Nuno de Sousa ◽

Jonato Prestes ◽

Fabrício Voltarelli

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Cardiovascular Fitness ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Training Experience ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to analyze blood lactate concentration (LAC), heart rate (HR), and rating perceived exertion (RPE) during and after shorter and longer duration CrossFit® sessions. Nine men (27.7 ± 3.2 years; 11.3 ± 4.6% body fat percentage and training experience: 41.1 ± 19.6 months) randomly performed two CrossFit® sessions (shorter: ~4 min and longer: 17 min) with a 7-day interval between them. The response of LAC and HR were measured pre, during, immediately after, and 10, 20, and 30 min after the sessions. RPE was measured pre and immediately after sessions. Lactate levels were higher during the recovery of the shorter session as compared with the longer session (shorter: 15.9 ± 2.2 mmol/L/min, longer: 12.6 ± 2.6 mmol/L/min; p = 0.019). There were no significant differences between protocols on HR during (shorter: 176 ± 6 bpm or 91 ± 4% HRmax, longer: 174 ± 3 bpm or 90 ± 3% HRmax, p = 0.387). The LAC was significantly higher throughout the recovery period for both training sessions as compared to pre-exercise. The RPE was increased immediately after both sessions as compared to pre-exercise, while there was no significant difference between them (shorter: 8.7 ± 0.9, longer: 9.6 ± 0.5; p = 0.360). These results demonstrated that both shorter and longer sessions induced elevated cardiovascular responses which met the recommendations for gains in cardiovascular fitness. In addition, both training sessions had a high metabolic and perceptual response, which may not be suitable if performed on consecutive days.

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Making the Grade: An Exploration of Incline Running on a Bodyweight-Supportive Treadmill

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2020-0343 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Megan Wagner ◽

Kevin D. Dames

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Metabolic Demand ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Cross Sectional

Context: Bodyweight-supporting treadmills are popular rehabilitation tools for athletes recovering from impact-related injuries because they reduce ground reaction forces during running. However, the overall metabolic demand of a given running speed is also reduced, meaning athletes who return to competition after using such a device in rehabilitation may not be as fit as they had been prior to their injury. Objective: To explore the metabolic effects of adding incline during bodyweight-supported treadmill running. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: Fourteen apparently healthy, recreational runners (6 females and 8 males; 21 [3] y, 1.71 [0.08] m, 63.11 [6.86] kg). Interventions: The participants performed steady-state running trials on a bodyweight-supporting treadmill at 8.5 mph. The control condition was no incline and no bodyweight support. All experimental conditions were at 30% bodyweight support. The participants began the sequence of experimental conditions at 0% incline; this increased to 1%, and from there on, 2% incline increases were introduced until a 15% grade was reached. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare all bodyweight-support conditions against the control condition. Main Outcome Measures: Oxygen consumption, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion. Results: Level running with 30% bodyweight support reduced oxygen consumption by 21.6% (P < .001) and heart rate by 12.0% (P < .001) compared with the control. Each 2% increase in incline with bodyweight support increased oxygen consumption by 6.4% and heart rate by 3.2% on average. A 7% incline elicited similar physiological measures as the unsupported, level condition. However, the perceived intensity of this incline with bodyweight support was greater than the unsupported condition (P < .001). Conclusions: Athletes can maintain training intensity while running on a bodyweight-supporting treadmill by introducing incline. Rehabilitation programs should rely on quantitative rather than qualitative data to drive exercise prescription in this modality.

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An Assessment of the Validity and Reliability of Two Perceived Exertion Rating Scales among Hong Kong Children

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.2002.95.3f.1047 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 95 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1047-1062 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Mee-Lee Leung ◽

Pak-Kwong Chung ◽

Raymond W. Leung

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Power Output ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Effort Rating

This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Chinese-translated (Cantonese) versions of the Borg 6–20 Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale and the Children's Effort Rating Table (CERT) during continuous incremental cycle ergometry with 10- to 11-yr.-old Hong Kong school children. A total of 69 children were randomly assigned, with the restriction of groups being approximately equal, to two groups using the two scales, CERT ( n = 35) and RPE ( n = 34). Both groups performed two trials of identical incremental continuous cycling exercise (Trials 1 and 2) 1 wk. apart for the reliability test. Objective measures of exercise intensity (heart rate, absolute power output, and relative oxygen consumption) and the two subjective measures of effort were obtained during the exercise. For both groups, significant Pearson correlations were found for perceived effort ratings correlated with heart rate ( rs ≥ .69), power output ( rs ≥ .75), and oxygen consumption ( rs ≥ .69). In addition, correlations for CERT were consistently higher than those for RPE. High test-retest intraclass correlations were found for both the effort ( R = .96) and perceived exertion ( R = 89) groups, indicating that the scales were reliable. In conclusion, the CERT and RPE scales, when translated into Cantonese, are valid and reliable measures of exercise intensity during controlled exercise by children. The Effort rating may be better than the Perceived Exertion scale as a measure of perceived exertion that can be more validly and reliably used with Hong Kong children.

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Oxygen Consumption, Heart Rate, Rating of Perceived Exertion, and Systolic Blood Pressure with Water Treadmill Walking

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.16.1.14 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 14-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

David R. Dolbow ◽

Richard S. Farley ◽

Jwa K. Kim ◽

Jennifer L. Caputo

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Older Adults ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Treadmill Walking ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Water Treadmill

The purpose of this study was to examine the cardiovascular responses to water treadmill walking at 2.0 mph (3.2 km/hr), 2.5 mph (4.0 km/hr), and 3.0 mph (4.8 km/hr) in older adults. Responses to water treadmill walking in 92 °F (33 °C) water were compared with responses to land treadmill walking at 70 °F (21 °C) ambient temperature. After an accommodation period, participants performed 5-min bouts of walking at each speed on 2 occasions. Oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were significantly higher during therapeutic water treadmill walking than during land treadmill walking. Furthermore, VO2, HR, and RPE measures significantly increased with each speed increase during both land and water treadmill walking. SBP significantly increased with each speed during water treadmill walking but not land treadmill walking. Thus, it is imperative to monitor HR and blood pressure for safety during this mode of activity for older adults.

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